1. meat production 2. dairy 3. fibre/wool production 4. Lifestyle flock

1. dairy 2. pets 3. meat 4. Fibre(mohair, cashmere) production

- abortion outbreaks common in sheep and goat - Normally

Final 8 Flashcards by Brittany Hammer

Sheep are used for?

meat production
dairy
fibre/wool production
Lifestyle flock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sheep milk is mainly used for?

cheese production

-high in butter fat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Goats are used for?

dairy
pets
meat
Fibre(mohair, cashmere) production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Meat sheep/ goat production

Breeding at 7 months of age (during fall)
-females joined with males, breeding exposure 30-42 days
Winter
-females gestate 150 days
Females give birth in the spring
-if bred in novemeber will give birth in march-april
Lambs/kids are weaned at 60 days of age
-some may wean up to 4 months
Lambs/kids marketed at weights from 50lb to 100lb
Replacement females bred at 7 months of age

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lifecycle of a diary goat

Does are exposed to the buck- natural breeding. Breeding exposure 30 to 42 days
Usually ~7 months into lactation
Does gestate 150d
Does freshen in spring
Kids removed at birth
Doeling reared on milk replacer for 2 months(buck kids often sold at few day of age)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Seasonality in Ewes and Does

-days shorten in fall and lengthen after chirstmas
-sheep and goat- short day breeders
June- detect shorter days, melatonin signals ovaries to cycle
May-June worst time to get pregnant
August transition season
September-December ovulating

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Induction/sychronization of estrus

tight lambing/kidding period
iduction allows for out season lambing/kidding
CIDR progesterone-used for lambs/cows
Marketed year round

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CIDR program

Don’t know where sheep/goats in cycle
Natural source of progesterone
Leave in long enough so ovaries not in normal cycle anymore
Remove no longer than 24 hours after implanting
Need more rams now, since all ewes cycle at the same time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Breeding in the Anovulztory Season

Progesterone supplementation not sufficient

Stimulate follicle development and ovulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dairy goat breeding

Ram will have crayon on breeding harness that leaves mark on does once he tries to mount her
-gives idea of breeding activity and when doe will kid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AI for goats and sheep

during estrus easier to service for goats
sheep- hard to get through cervic
-using acroscopy- $$$ , into uterus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Induce estrus without hormones

manipulating light/ photoperiod
creates melatonin secretion, ovaries cycle
fool dairy goats when winter, its spring
rams more fertile at short day length
more so dairy goats not as common in sheep

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Infectious abortion

abortion outbreaks common in sheep and goat

- Normally

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Management of abortion

diagnosis is critical to management (placentas and fetuses to vet diagnostic lab)
Biosecurity and protection of farm workers important for infectious diseases
Control much more effective than treatment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Common causes of abortions

chlamydopilia abortus
toxoplasma gondii (most common cause in sheep)
coxiella burnetii Q fever (infection very common)(human disease)
Campylobacter (sheep only)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Iodine Deficiency Goiter

Enlarged thyroids, still born or aborted fetuses
Not enough iodine in diet of pregnant ewes/does
Great lakes region deficient
Supplement throughout gestation
-cobalt iodized salt block
-available easily to them

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Risk losses of lamb/kid

Hypothermia
Mismothering
Maternal underfeeding
Infectiouns
Injuries and Predation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Small Ruminant Dystocia

Most often malpresentation or position of fetus
Also of sheep
-failure of cervix to soften “ring womb”
-secondary to vaginal prolapse
Correction
-after 30 min with no progress in 2nd stage labour
-or evidence of malpresentation/position

Taildocking lambs

After colostrum, before out of claiming pen, bonded with dam best time to do so
Within week of age
Tetanus prophylaxis
Tetanus antitoxin at time of docking 
Hot iron- docker- least painful way
-most people use rings
-crush tail and cut it- burdizzo method
-if docked too short, destroys muscular around anus/nerves

Castration- lambs and kids

Castrate if kept older than 6 months of age

Otherwise market intact

Why do we castrate?

intact males gain faster but…
if reach sexual maturity fight and mount
meat is tainted

Castrating less than 1 week

rings

cut and pull

Older than 1 week

burdizzo up to 5 weeks

pain management

Hypothermia- Hypoglycemia

Starvation from insufficient milk/ colostrum intake
Chilling from exposure to elements
Limited energy stores at birth(brown fat for quick energy-depletes in hours)
Body temperatures drop quickly
Depressed, comatose, dead

Enterotoxaemia/ Pulpy kidney

3 weeks to 1 year of age Clostridium perfringens type D Bacterial spores in mature, soil- contaminate feed Excess carbs in diet (secrete toxins in gut) Sudden death

Control for pulpy kidney

``` Vaccination program to protect youngstock Feeding management(to reduce risk of undigested carbs in intestine) ```

Vitamin E Selenium Deficiency

White muscle disease Illthrift, weak immune system Add Se and Vit E to ration Or inject lambs/kids at birth

Pneumonia

``` Very common Mannheimia haemolytica Mycoplasma ovipneumonia Viruses only play minor role Risk factors -environmental stresses predispose to development of disease -stocking density -air changes -ammonia -temperature fluctuations -humidity -transport -mixing ```

Coccidiosis

``` Common in youngstock Intestinal protozoal parasite Destroys lining of intestine Pasty stool to blood diarrhea Poor doing to sudden death Control -don't mix feces and feed -coccidiocidal drugs approved in lambs ```

Lameness causes

foot scald | Foot rot

Control for footrot

``` Footbathing -10% solution of zinc sulfate foot baths -soak for 20 minutes 2x week Systemic antibiotics Hold off infected pastures until clean Cull non-responders ```

Copper Toxicity

``` Dietary copper needs in sheep are 1/4 of cattle Goats same as cattle Store extra Cu in liver until too much and liver cells start to die Sudden onset of toxicity -damages RBC -Dark urine -Jaundice -Death Critical to avoid extra Cu in ration -mineral source, some feeds -pig and poultry manure -ration ```

Parasites of sheep and goats

``` Internal parasites -GI nematodes -Coccidiosis External parasites -mange -lice -flystrike ```

GI parasites

``` In abomasum and small intestine -Haemonchus contortus -suck blood and protein, anaemia, bottle jaw, death Teladorsagia and Trichostrongylus -diarrhea -poor growth ```

External paratistes

``` Lice Mange Fly strike -fecal contamination -surgery -failure to tail dock ```

Chronic wasting disease of adults

- these are diseases which often present as weight loss, most often accompanied by poorer production - most often only a few animals are noted to be affected, although disease may be affecting more

Peridontal Disease "Broken Mouth"

``` Usually affects adults 4+ Gingivitis Loss of teeth Weight loss in face of good nutrition and reasonable appetite Check teeth ```

Maedi Visna- adult sheep

Retrovirus infection Chronic respiratory disease Wasting Hard udder (little milk)

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis

``` Arthritis of many joints Hard udder Very common infection Early culling Lost milk production ```

Caseous Lymphadenitis

``` Cornyebacterium psuedotuberculosis Abscess -External and internal lymph nodes and internal organs Control -Cull affected animals -Biosecurity- abscess pen -Vaccinate ```

Paratuberculosis

``` Johnes disease Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Sheep strain/cattle strain (goat) Diarrhea is an unusual and terminal event Detect disease -necropsy of thin animals -fecal culture -slow and expensive -serology- poor detection of positives ```

Control of Paratuberculosis

environmental hygiene prevent transmission to offspring cull affected animals

Scrapie- Federally re portable

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease for sheep and goats 2-7 years of age Scratching, high stepping, down, wasting

Control of scrapie

not rare not zoonotic if case confirmed -flock quarantined -canadian food inspection agency remvoes all infected genetical susceptible animals Brains are checked for evidence of prion damage