Final 9 Teoria

Question 1

Science that studies the properties of matter and its changes

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 2

Matter

Question 3

Capacity to do work

Answer 3

Energy

Question 4

Physical combination of two or more substances, in which the distinct identities are retained

Answer 4

Mixture

Question 5

Atoms of the same element with different mass but the same atomic number

Answer 5

Isotope

Question 6

Information that indicates the location of the electrons in the atom

Answer 6

Quantum numbers

Question 7

Notation that shows how the electrons are distributed among the atomic orbitals and energy levels

Answer 7

Electronic configuration

Question 8

Principle that establishes that each new electron added to an atom, will enter in the available orbital with less energy

Answer 8

Aufbau’s Principle

Question 9

Rule that says that the electrons are going to enter each orbital with a parallel spin until all orbitals are complete

Answer 9

Hund’s Rule

Question 10

Rule that claims that electrons in the same atom cannot have the same four quantum numbers, they must have opposite spins

Answer 10

Paulli’s Rule

Question 11

Attraction forces that hold atoms together

Answer 11

Chemical bond

Question 12

Establishes that atoms can become stable by having eight electrons in the outer energy level

Answer 12

Octet rule

Question 13

Type of bond that is made between metals and non-metals where one of the atoms loses electrons and the other atom gains them.

Answer 13

Ionic bond

Question 14

Electrostatic attraction in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electronegative elements

Answer 14

Hydrogen bond

Question 15

One half of the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms bonded together

Answer 15

Atomic radius

Question 16

Energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

Answer 16

Ionization energy

Question 17

A single kind of matter with a specific composition and properties

Answer 17

Pure substance

Question 18

Matter is the same, the original matter can be recovered, and the particles of the substance are rearranged

Answer 18

Physical change

Question 19

Matter is different, the old matter is no longer present and cannot be reverted, and particles are broken apart forming a new substance

Answer 19

Chemical change

Question 20

What are the subatomic particles?

Answer 20

The particles that make up an atom:

Electron (-)

Proton (+)

Neutron (+-)

Question 21

Notations used to show now the orbitals of a sup-shell are occupied by electrons.

Answer 21

Diagram of orbitals

Question 22

Is defined as the change in energy of a neutral atom when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

Answer 22

Electron affinity

Question 23

Attraction force between the nuclei of non-metals and the pair of electrons that is shared between them.

Answer 23

Covalent bond

Question 24

Examples of heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 24

Water and oil

Sandwich

Salad

Question 25

Examples of homogeneous mixtures

Answer 25

Sea water Tequila Sand and water

Question 26

Mention 3 separation methods

Answer 26

Magnetism Chromatography Distillation

Question 27

Magnetism

Answer 27

Involves using a magnet to attract another magnetic object away from the substance it is in

Question 28

Chromatography

Answer 28

The process of separating colored chemicals

Question 29

Distillation

Answer 29

The substances separates with heat

Question 30

States of matter

Answer 30

Solid Liquid Gas

Question 31

Solid

Answer 31

Retains a fixed volume and shape Little free space between particles Rigid particles cannot move

Question 32

Liquid

Answer 32

Assumes the shape of part of the container which it occupies. Not easily compressible. Flows easily.

Question 33

Gas

Answer 33

Assumes the shape and volume of its container. Compressible Flows easily

Question 34

Timeline representing the evolution of the atom

Answer 34

Dalton Thomson Rutherford Chadwick Bohr Sommerfeld Schrödinger Heisenberg

Question 35

Families’ names of the periodic table

Answer 35

Alkali metals Alkaline earthmetals Transition metals Earth Carbon family Nitrogen familiy Oxygen family Halogens Inert Noble Gases (LOS DE ABAJO DE LA PERIODIC TABLE) Lathanide series Actinide series

Question 36

Characteristics of the metals

Answer 36

Good conductors Ductile Crystal structure High densities Most of them solid

Question 37

Characteristics non-metals

Answer 37

Poor conductors Brittle Low densities Low melting points Dull appearance

Question 38

Characteristics of the metalloids

Answer 38

Semi-conductors Solid and may have luster Similar properties to metals and non-metals

Question 39

H

Answer 39

Hydrogen

Question 40

Li

Answer 40

Lithium

Question 41

Na

Answer 41

Sodium

Question 42

K

Answer 42

Potassium

Question 43

Rb

Answer 43

Rubidium

Question 44

Be

Answer 44

Beryllium

Question 45

Mg

Answer 45

Magnesium

Question 46

Ca

Answer 46

Calcium

Question 47

Sr

Answer 47

Strontium

Question 48

Ba

Answer 48

Barrium

Question 49

Radium

Answer 49

Ra

Question 50

Boron

Answer 50

B

Question 51

Aluminium

Answer 51

Al

Question 52

Gallium

Answer 52

Ga

Question 53

Carbon

Answer 53

C

Question 54

Silicon

Answer 54

Si

Question 55

Fluorine

Answer 55

F

Question 56

Chlorine

Answer 56

Cl

Question 57

Bromine

Answer 57

Br

Question 58

Iodine

Answer 58

I

Question 59

N

Answer 59

Nitrogen

Question 60

P

Answer 60

Phosphorus

Question 61

As

Answer 61

Arsenic

Question 62

Sb

Answer 62

Antimony

Question 63

Bi

Answer 63

Bismuth

Question 64

O

Answer 64

Oxygen

Question 65

S

Answer 65

Sulfur

Question 66

Rn

Answer 66

Radon

Question 67

Co

Answer 67

Cobalt

Question 68

Ni

Answer 68

Nickel

Question 69

Astatine

Answer 69

At

Question 70

Helium

Answer 70

He

Question 71

Neon

Answer 71

Ne

Question 72

Argon

Answer 72

Ar

Question 73

Krypton

Answer 73

Kr

Question 74

Xenon

Answer 74

Xe

Question 75

Mercury

Answer 75

Hg

Question 76

Gold

Answer 76

Au

Question 77

Platinum

Answer 77

Pt

Question 78

Silver

Answer 78

Ag

Question 79

Cu

Answer 79

Copper

Question 80

Zn

Answer 80

Zinc

Question 81

Pd

Answer 81

Palladium

Question 82

Sn

Answer 82

Tin

Question 83

Cd

Answer 83

Cadmium

Question 84

Ti

Answer 84

Titanium

Question 85

W

Answer 85

Tungsten

Question 86

Cr

Answer 86

Chromium

Question 87

Mn

Answer 87

Manganese

Question 88

Fe

Answer 88

Iron

Question 89

Pb

Answer 89

Lead

Question 90

Kg -> g

Answer 90

*1000

Question 91

G -> kg

Answer 91

/1000

Question 92

Ml -> L

Answer 92

/1000

Question 93

L -> ml

Answer 93

*1000

Question 94

KG=

Answer 94

L

Question 95

G=

Answer 95

ML

Question 96

(S)

Answer 96

Solid

Question 97

(g)

Answer 97

Gas

Question 98

(l)

Answer 98

Liquid

Question 99

(aq)

Answer 99

Aqueous

Question 100

(triangle)

Answer 100

Heat

Question 101

(Arrow looking up)

Answer 101

Escape of gas

Question 102

Arrow looking down

Answer 102

Precipitation

Question 103

(Thunder)

Answer 103

Electric current

Question 104

Aufbau’s Principle

Answer 104

``` 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s 7p ```

Question 105

VALUES “s,p,d,f” for electron configuration

Answer 105

S= 2 P= 6 D= 10 F= 14

Question 106

Values “s,p,d,f” for the quantum number “l”

Answer 106

S= 0 P= 1 D= 2 F= 3

Question 107

Percent by mass formula

Answer 107

Mass of solute/mass of solution *100

Question 108

Percent by volume formula

Answer 108

Volume of solute/volume of solution *100

Question 109

Molarity formula

Answer 109

Moles of solute/liter of solution

Question 110

Molality formula

Answer 110

Moles of solute/kilogram of solvent

Question 111

Mole fraction formula

Answer 111

Moles of solute/ moles of solute + moles of solvent

Question 112

Dilution formula

Answer 112

C1 (V1) = C2 (V2)

Question 113

Units for % volume

Answer 113

Solute= ml Solution= ml % volume= %

Question 114

Units for % mass

Answer 114

Solute= g Solution= g % mass= %

Question 115

Units for molarity

Answer 115

Solute= moles Solution= liters Molarity= M

Question 116

Units for molality

Answer 116

Solute= moles Solvent= kg Molality= m

Question 117

Units for mole fraction

Answer 117

Solute= moles Solvent= moles Mole fraction= no units

Question 118

Units for dilution

Answer 118

Volume= ml Concentration= M

Question 119

Atomic radius/ metallic character

Answer 119

- + -

Question 120

Ionization energy/ electron affinity/ electronegativity

Answer 120

+ - +

Question 121

Synthesis

Answer 121

A + B > AB

Question 122

Decomposition

Answer 122

AB > A + B

Question 123

Single replacement

Answer 123

AB + C > AC + B

Question 124

Double replacement

Answer 124

AB + CD > AD + BC

Question 125

Combustion

Answer 125

> CO2 + H2O

Question 126

Neutralization

Answer 126

OH

Question 127

Cation

Answer 127

Positive value

Question 128

Anion

Answer 128

Negative value

Question 129

Si el valor es menor que 0.4

Answer 129

Covalent non polar

Question 130

Si el valor es mayor es mayor que 0.4 pero menor que 1.7

Answer 130

Covalent polar

Question 131

Si el valor es mayor que 1.75

Answer 131

Ionic