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Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is a leader

A

leaders produce change

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2
Q

What is a manager

A

produce orderly results

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3
Q

What type of change do leaders produce

A

set direction, align people, and motivate

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4
Q

What do managers produce

A

planning and budgeting, organize and staff, control and solve problems

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5
Q

what is leadership

A

act of influencing other towards a goal

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6
Q

what are the types of leadership theories

A

trait based leadership
behavioral approaches to leadership
contingency approaches to leadership
contemporary approaches to leadership

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7
Q

What is trait based approaches to leadership

A

earliest, trying to identify the traits and skills that make effective leaders vs. non-leaders

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8
Q

what is behavioral approaches to leadership

A

Behaviors that distinguish effective leaders vs. Non-leaders

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9
Q

What is contingency approaches to leadership

A

conditions were certain leadership styles are most effective.

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10
Q

What are the types contemporary approaches to leadership

A

Transformational Leadership, Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Thoery

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11
Q

What is Great Man Theory

A

tried to explain leadership by examining the traits of great leaders throughout history

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12
Q

What is the Ohio State and Michigan Study

A

First behavioral approach, lead to discoveries in Task and People oriented behaviors

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13
Q

What is task oriented behaviors

A

direction giving to employees to make sure a task is completed

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14
Q

what is people oriented behaviors

A

showing care and well being for people

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15
Q

what is the managerial grid

A

an overview of how to use both task and people oriented behaviors

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16
Q

What is Fielders Contingency Theory (LPC)

A

leadership style can’t be changed, either the setting should be changed or the leader should be changed to match the setting

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17
Q

What is situational leadership (Blanchard and Hersey)

A

Leaders should be able to recognize the needs of their team and adapt.

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18
Q

What is House Path Theory

A

Leaders create a path that leads to the goal

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19
Q

What is the Vroom Normative Decision Tree

A

Answering 7 key questions that leads you what to do

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20
Q

what are the 7 key questions about in the Vroom Tree

A 
decision significance
importance of commitment
leader expertise
likelihood of commitment
Group Alignment
Group Expertise
team competence
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21
Q

What are the 5 decision making styles the Vroom tree leads to

A 
decide
consult individuals
Consult as a group
Facilitate
Delegate
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22
Q

What is Transformational leadership Theory

A

The set of behaviors used to transform organization for the better.

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23
Q

What is leader-member exchange (LMX) Theory

A

forms different types of relationships with team

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24
Q

What is in-Group

A

favored team member who are assigned more interesting task

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25
What is out-group
Team members who are just asked to comply with the rules
26
What is interactionist view
behavior gain from interacting with others
27
What is intellegence
The persons ability to profit from experience, gain knowledge and think critically
28
What are the multiple types of intelligence
linguistic, logical, spatial, musical, naturalist, bodily, interpersonal, intrapersonal
29
What is emotional intellegence
recognize ones feelings and someone else's feelings, motivating oneself managing our emotions and relationships in a productive manner
30
What is the difference between a good and a great manager?
Emotional intelligence
31
What 5 skills make up emotional intellegence
``` self-awareness self-regultaion motivation empathy social skill ```
32
What are values
life goals that reflect what is most important to us
33
what is Terminal Values
goals that one would like to achieve durning ones life
34
What is instrumental values
Means of achieving terminal values
35
What are the big 5 personality traits
``` openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism ```
36
What is openness
being curious, original, and open to new ideas
37
what is conscientiousness
being organized, punctual, and dependable
38
what is extraversion
outgoing, being around people
39
what is agreeableness
kind, tolerant, trusting
40
what is neuroticism
irritable, temperamental, and moody
41
what is self-Monitoring
person being able to monitor their actions in a social setting
42
what is self-Efficacy
believe that you can perform a task successfully.
43
what is locus of control
a degree to which people feel accountable for their own behaviors
44
what is high external locus of control
believe that what happens to them is out of their control
45
what is the myer-briggs type indicator (MBTI)
well know personally assessment.
46
What is the benefit of having a personally assessment in the workplace
reduces turnover, employees are happier and a better fit for the job
47
what is diversity
people are similar or different from each other
48
What are the 6 items found in Hofstede’s Culture Frame Work
``` power distance individualism vs collectivism masculinity vs femininity uncertainty avoidance long term orientation vs short term orientation indulgence vs restraints ```
49
what is power distance
the less powerful people in a group accept and expect that power is distributed unequally
50
what is individualism vs collectivism
self image is defined by Me or WE
51
what is masculinity vs femininity
tough vs tender cultures
52
what is uncertainty avoidance
members of society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty
53
Long Term Orientation vs Short term
traditions vs change / eastern vs western world
54
indulgence vs restraints
free life vs strict rules
55
what is perception
how individuals detect and interpret their setting
56
what is stereotypes
generalization based of group characteristics
57
what is self-fulfilling prophesy
acting a way based of old beliefs
58
what is selective perception
paying attention to a selective part of the situation
59
what is Attribution
the causal explanation we give or an observed behavior
60
What are the three things that make up attribution
Consensus Distinctiveness Consistency
61
What is consensus
do people behave the same way?
62
what is Distinctivenss
do people behave the same in different settings?
63
What is Consistency
do they behave the same all the time?
64
what is internal Attribution
internal characteristics of someone
65
What is external Attribution
characteristics by seeing what someone does
66
what questions can you ask to Manage yourself
``` What are my strengths? How do I work? What are my values? Where do I belong? What can I contribute? ```
67
what is motivation
a desire to achieve something
68
what three things leads to performance
Motivation, ability, and Environment
69
what is the needs based theory
Based on the belief that employees try hard in order to satisfy needs
70
what is process based theory
belief that motivation is a rational process
71
What is Maslov’s Hierarchy of Needs
Individuals have multiple needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order
72
What is the order of Maslovs Hierarchy of needs
physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self actualization need
73
What is Alderfer’s ERG Theory
people are motivated by three primary needs | 1. existence 2. relatedness 3. growth
74
What is existence
basic physical needs
75
What is relatedness
connection with other
76
what is Growth
personal development
77
what is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
motivation is based on two factors: Hygiene Factors and motivators
78
What is hygiene factors
work setting and determines dissatisfaction
79
What is motivators
related to the job and determines satisfaction
80
What is McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory
acquire three types of needs as a result of life experiences
81
What are the three types of needs for McClelland's Theory
The Need for Achievement⁃The Need for Affiliation⁃The Need for Power
82
What is the need for achievement
need to be successful
83
What is the need for affiliation
need for human companionshipt
84
What is the need for power
need to influence others
85
what is Nohria and Lawrence’s Four-Drive Theory
the four underlying motivators that drives someones emotions and behaviors
86
What are the Nohria and Lawrence’s Four-Drive Theory
⁃The Drive to Acquire⁃The Drive to Bond⁃The Drive to Comprehend⁃The Drive to Defend
87
What is the drive to acquire
physical good, experiences
88
what is the drive to bond
proud to be a part of a team
89
what is the drive to comprehend
making sense of the world
90
what is the drive to defend
quest to promote justice
91
what is the Equity Theory
people are motivated by a sense of fairness
92
what is Expectancy Theory of Motivation
willingness to put more or less effort depending on the outcome
93
What is Reinforcement Theory
behavior is the function of the outcomes (consequences)
94
What is a major influence over worker satisfaction
Job design
95
what does job design have a major impact on
``` Employee motivation⁃ Job satisfaction⁃ Commitment to an organization⁃ Absenteeism⁃ Turnover ```
96
what is Job Rotation
moving employees from Job to Job
97
what is Job Enlargement
expanding the task performed
98
what is job enrichment
gives workers more control of how their job is done
99
what is Job Characteristics Model (Hackman, Oldman)
One of the most influential attempts to design jobs with increased motivational properties
100
what is empowerment
employees have the ability to make decisions and perform their jobs effectively
101
what is Structural Empowerment
gives employees discretion and the ability to do their jobs effectively
102
What are SMART goals
``` Specific measurable aggressive realistic time-bound ```
103
how do you make goals more effective
feedback, ability, and commitment
104
what is Management by Objective (MBO)
a way to make sure individual and team goals are aligned
105
Management by Objective Process
1. companywide goals 2. team goals 3. individual goals 4. Developing an action plan 5. Periodically reviewing performance and revising goals
106
what is Performance appraisal
identification, measurement, and management of individual performance
107
What are the Characteristics of an Effective Appraisal System
adequate notice, fair hearing, judgement based on evidence
108
what is 360-degree feedback
a self assessment of key concepts, and they compare them to other on the team
109
what is a group
people who interact with eachother
110
What is a team
people working towards the same game
111
when are teams better to have over group
When it is hard task that require the expertise of multiple people
112
what is team diversity
degree of similarity or difference among team members
113
What is Homogeneity
degree which team members are simular
114
what is the benefit of a homogeneity team or group
more productive when the task is simple
115
what is Heterogeneity
degree which team members are different
116
What is the benefit of a heterogeneity group
more productive when the task is complex
117
what is the benefit of having a more diverse group
more creative, more access, more networks
118
what is the drawback of having a more diverse group
loss of speed and efficiency, can lead to miscommunication
119
what are the 5 stages of team development
``` forming storming norming performing adjourning ```
120
what is forming
team comes together and decides what task should be done
121
what is storming
become more real, could have aruements
122
what is norming
creating new norms that encourage the team to work better together
123
what is performing
get work done
124
what is adjourning
more individual work power
125
what is Cohesion
togetherness in the group
126
What is group think
making the incorrect decision just because the group thinks it is best.
127
what is social loafting
individuals tend to work less while in a group setting
128
what is conflict
A process that involves people disagreeing
129
what is Negotiation
A process by which two or more parties work towards an agreement
130
what is power
ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want
131
what is influence
how power is demostrated
132
how does leadership work with power
Leadership requires both power and influence
133
what are the types of conflict
Intrapersonal Interpersonal Intergroup Conflict
134
what is intrapersonal conflict
within a person
135
what is interpersonal conflict
two or more people inside the same group
136
what is intergroup Conflict
two or more group
137
what is Social Identity Theory
Proposes that group members of an in-group will seek to find negative aspects of an out-group to enhance their self-image
138
what are the causes of conflict
``` Organizational Structure⁃ •Limited Resources⁃ •Task Interdependence⁃ Incompatible Goals⁃ Personality Differences• Communication Problems ```
139
what are the 5 ways to manage conflict Strategies
``` avoidance accommodating compromising forcing collaborating ```
140
What are the two Negotiation Strategies
1. Distributive Negotiations | 2. Integrative Negotiations
141
what is distributive negotiations
one person wins and the other one loses. A single issue
142
what is Integrative Negotiations
win win and multiple issues
143
what is the Bargaining Zone
a place where it is better for both parties to agree
144
what is the Zone Of Possible Agreement (ZOPA)
the set of all possible deals acceptable for both parties
145
what is Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA)
The course of action that a person will take if a negotiation ends in an impasse
146
what is Organizational Culture
shared assumptions, values and beliefs
147
what are the three levels of culture
Artifacts, Values and Beliefs, Assumptions
148
what are artifacts
Visible organizational structures, processes
149
what are values and beliefs
The meanings that members of an organization attach to artifacts mission statements
150
what are assumptions
behaviors stemming from beliefs
151
how does culture develop
as an organization develops a shared concept of mission,
152
how is culture created
Founders Values | Industry Demands
153
What is founders values
influenced of ideas, values, and assumptions of the organization’s founder
154
what is industry demands
act as a force to create similarities among organizational cultures
155
How is Culture Maintained?
``` ⁃Attraction-Selection -Attrition ⁃New Employee Onboarding ⁃Leadership ⁃Reward Systems ```

Leadership (7 decks)

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