Final Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following contain prokaryotic cells?
a) the archaea b) the protistans c) the fungi d) all of the above
A
a) the archaea
2
Q
The molecule associated with energy transfer in living organisms is:
a) deoxyribonucleic acid b) lipids c) ATP d) carbon
A
c) ATP
3
Q
A community and its physical and chemical environment constitute:
a) a population b) the biosphere c) an ecosystem d) an organ system
A
c) an ecosystem
4
Q
The molecule of inheritance is:
a) deoxyribonucleic acid b) lipids c) ATP d) carbon
A
a) deoxyribonucleic acid
5
Q
Which of the following is not a requirement of all living things:
a) reproduction b) metabolism c) adaptation d) aerobic respiration e) none of the above
A
d) aerobic respiration
6
Q
The one-way flow of energy through the biosphere starts with energy input from:
a) deoxyribonucleic acid b) the sun c) ATP d) aerobic respiration
A
b) the sun
7
Q
The scientific name for human is HOMO SAPIENS. HOMO is the genus and SAPIENS is the specie. The scientific way to refer to human is:
a) Homo sapiens b) Sapiens Homo c) homo Sapiens d) Homo sapiens e) Sapiens homo
A
d) Homo sapiens
8
Q
Decomposers include certain bacteria and fungi.
A
True
9
Q
Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
A
False
10
Q
The atom of element Phosphorus has 16 neutrons and 15 electrons. What is the atomic number for Phosphorus atom?________
A
15
11
Q
Element Helium(He) has atomic number of 2. Do you consider this element reactive or inert?
A
Inert
12
Q
Atoms gain or lose electrons to form
a) ionic bonds b) covalent bonds c) hydrogen bonds
A
a) ionic bonds
13
Q
The normal range of blood pH indicates:
a) 7.3-7.5 b) 5.5-6.3 c) 7.8-8.3 d) above 8.5
A
a) 7.3-7.5
14
Q
Two atoms of oxygen are bond together by double covalent bond. How many electrons do they share?
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 5
A
b) 4
15
Q
Neutrons are negatively charged
A
False
16
Q
Water is a great solvent of polar molecules.
A
True
17
Q
In a polar covalent bond, electrons are equally shared.
A
False
18
Q
Loss of a protein’s normal 3-D shape because of high temperatures or changes in pH is called:
a) metabolism b) denaturation c) hydrolysis d) condensation
A
b) denaturation
19
Q
In a condensation reaction, small molecules come together to make a large molecule.
A
True
20
Q
Ribose is a 6-carbon monosaccharide.
A
False
21
Q
building blocks of nucleic acids are
A
nucleotides
22
Q
building blocks of proteins are
A
amino acids
23
Q
building blocks of most lipids are glycerol and
A
fatty acids
24
Q
building blocks of carbohydrates are
A
monosaccharides
25
If a solution outside of a cell contains a greater concentration of dissolved solutes than the contents of the cell, the solution is said to be hypotonic
false
26
In active transport solutes are transported down their concentration gradient.
false
27
Phospholipids contain a hydrophobic head and two hydrophillic tails.
false
28
Plant cells but not animal cells have:
a) Golgi bodies
b) ER
c) plastids
d) central vacuole
e) c & d
e) c & d (plastids & central vacuole)
29
synthesis of proteins takes place in
rough ER
30
photosynthesis takes place in
chloroplasts
31
synthesis of lipids takes place in
smooth ER
32
modifies,sorst, packages & ships proteins & lipids
Golgi bodies
33
provide movement for the cells
flagella
34
digestion in the cell is done by
lysosomes
35
ATP is produced in
mitochondrion
36
The final product(s) of glycolysis include:
a) glucose molecules
b) pyruvate molecules
c) ATP
d) b & c
e) a & c
d) b & c (pyruvate molecules & ATP)
37
Oxygen is formed during:
a) the non-cyclic pathway of ATP formation
b) the cyclic pathway of ATP formation
c) the light-independent stage of photosynthesis
d) all of the above
a) the non-cyclic pathway of ATP formation
38
```
Cell’s ability to acquire energy and use it to, store, build, or break apart substances is
called:
a) biochemistry
b) photosynthesis
c) respiration
d) metabolism
```
d) metabolism
39
Enzymes
a) speed up metabolic reactions
b) lower the activation energy
c) get used up during a reaction
d) a & b
e) a & b & c
d) a & b (speed up metabolic reactions & lower the activation energy)
40
In the non-cyclic pathway of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis, two photosystems are involved.
true
41
Glucose is formed in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis.
false
42
The starting molecule in glycolysis is pyruvate.
false
43
Krebs cycle of aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm.
false
44
CO2 is released during Krebs(citric acid) cycle.
true
45
Light-independent stage of photosynthesis takes place in the grana.
false
46
In exergonic reactions, energy is released.
true
47
What would be the complimentary strand of DNA to the DNA strand below?
DNA 3’A-T-C-G-T-T-G-A-C-A-T-T 5’
5’ T-A-G-C-A-A-C-T-G-T-A-A 3’
48
One species’ DNA differs from others in its
a) sugars
b) phosphate groups
c) nucleotide sequence
d) all of the above
c) nucleotide sequence
49
DNA replication results in
a) four molecules, half-old, and half-new strands
b) two molecules, each with one old strand and one newly assembled strand of nucleotides
c) three double-stranded molecules, one with new strands and two that are discarded
d) none of the above
b) two molecules, each with one old strand and one newly assembled strand of nucleotides
50
DNA binding proteins
stabilize the single-stranded DNA & keep the strands apart
51
DNA polymerase
adds DNA nucleotides to the primer to build the new strand
52
ligase
joins Okazaki fragments; seals small gaps
53
helicase
unwinds parental DNA double helix
54
Primase
produces & adds primers to template strand
55
Watson & Crick
discovered the double helix structure of DNA
56
What would be the mRNA transcribed from this DNA sequence?
DNA
3’T-A-C-A-T-A-A-G-G-A-A-T-T-C-T-A-C-T5’
For how many amino acids does this mRNA sequence code?
mRNA
5’A-U-G-U-A-U-U-C-C-U-U-A-A-G-A-U-G-A3’
5 amino acids
57
The RNA molecule is
a) a double helix
b) single-stranded
c) double-stranded
d) none of the above
b) single-stranded
58
mRNA is produced by
a) replication
b) transcription
c) translation
b) transcription
59
The five-carbon sugar found in RNA is:
a) galactose
b) ribose
c) deoxyribose
d) glucose
b) ribose
60
The loading of mRNA onto an intact ribosome occurs during
a) translation
b) transcription
c) transcript processing
d) none of the above
a) translation
61
The enzyme used during transcription is DNA polymerase
false
62
A codon is a double nucleotide on mRNA
false
63
initiation
the first tRNA carrying methionine binds ribosome and mRNA
64
elongation
tRNA molecules carrying amino acids add to the growing polypeptide chain
65
termination
a stop codon is reached
66
In animals cells, cytoplasmic division is done by furrowing.
true
67
Nuclear membrane begins to break down in prophase.
true
68
Chromosomes are at their maximum condensation in telophase.
false
69
Random alignment of the homologous chromosomes happens at metaphase I.
true
70
There are two nuclear divisions in mitosis and one nuclear division in meiosis
false
71
Mitosis and cytokinesis give rise to two clones (genetically identical cells).
true
72
A human primary oocyte can give rise to only one viable egg.
true
73
Sister-chromatids are lined up at the equator of the spindle at:
a) metaphase stage of mitosis
b) anaphase stage of mitosis
c) telophase stage of mitosis
d) prophase stage of mitosis
a) metaphase stage of mitosis
74
Chromosomes are duplicated in:
a) prophase
b) the G1 stage of interphase
c) the S stage of interphase
d) the G2 stage of interphase
c) the S stage of interphase
75
Crossing over
a) takes place during prophase I stage of meiosis
b) happens between the nonsister chromatids
c) produces variety in the genetic make up of the gametes
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
76
A homozygote has a pair of identical alleles whereas a heterozygote has a pair of nonidentical alleles.
true
77
Pink color of flowers produced by snapdragon plants is an outcome of incomplete dominance.
true
78
If a woman’s genotype at the ABO locus is IA i, her blood type is O.
false
79
Pleiotropy refers to traits which are resulted from multiple genes.
false
80
AB blood type is an outcome of co-dominance.
true
81
Breast cancer is a sex-limited trait.
true
82
Mendel performed dihybrid crosses to test his theory of independent assortment.
true
83
Most of human traits are multifactorial traits.
true
84
In a paternity suit, a woman with type AB blood accuses a man with type O blood of
fathering her child. The child has type AB blood. Could the man be the child’s father?
a) yes
b) no
b) no
85
The F2 phenotypic ratio of Mendel’s monohybrid cross is
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:2:1
e) 3:1
e) 3:1
86
Gregor Mendel discovered:
a) chromosomes
b) tertiary structure of proteins
c) the theory of independent assortment
d) the theory of natural selection
c) the theory of independent assortment
87
The phenotype of an organism:
a) are the traits of that organism
b) is affected by the environment
c) is affected by its genotype
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
88
Offspring of the cross AA* aa are:
a) all AA
b) all aa
c) all Aa
d) 1/2 aa and 1/2 AA
c) all Aa
89
The F2 phenotypic ratio of Mendel’s dihybrid cross is
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:2:1
e) 3:1
c) 9:3:3:1
90
15) The F2 genotype ratio of Mendel’s monohybrid cross is
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:2:1
e) 3:1
d) 1:2:1
91
An XO woman is fertile.
false
92
Human males determine the gender of the offspring.
true
93
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an X-linked dominant trait.
true
94
XYY males are fertile.
true
95
Nondisjunction at anaphase I or anaphase II frequently results in aneuploidy.
true
96
A hemophiliac woman has offspring with a normal man. What are the chances of
hemophilia occurring in their children?
a) 75%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 0%
b) 50%
97
hemophilia
X-linked recessive disorder
98
Klinefelter syndrome
individual has XXY genotype
99
cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive disorder
100
deletion
Cri-du-chat
101
Turner Syndrome
individual has X0 genotype
102
Down’s Syndrome
individual has three of number 21
103
SRY gene is located on
the Y chromosome
104
presence of three or more of each type of chromosome in gametes or somatic cells.
polyploidy
105
In which replication pathway do bacteriophage infect and quickly lyse their host?
a. lysogenic pathway
b. lytic pathway
c. a & b
d. none of the above
b. lytic pathway
106
Bacterial cell walls are mainly composed of:
a. glycocalyx
b. cellulose
c. cellulose and plasma membrane
d. peptidoglycan
d. peptidoglycan
107
Bacteria reproduce by:
a) mitosis
b) conjugation
c) binary fission
d) meiosis
c) binary fission
108
When conditions are unfavorable, some bacteria, such as the one that causes botulism, are able to assume a protected form, resistant to extreme environments. What are these resistant forms called?
a) eubacteria
b) archaea
c) chemoautotrophs
d) endospore
d) endospore
109
Bacterium, which has spherical shape, is called bacillus.
false
110
Prokaryotes’single chromosome is circular.
true
111
Lateral roots are the product of the:
a) apical meristem
b) epidermis
c) pericycle
d) endodermis
e) vascular cylinders
c) pericycle
112
Stomata are responsible for:
a) water escape from the leaves
b) carbon dioxide entry
c) mineral absorption
d) a & b
d) a & b
113
Mesophyll consists of______
a) waxes and cutin
b) cork
c) thick cell wall
d) photosynthetic cells
d) photosynthetic cells
114
apical meristem
source of primary growth (lengthwise)
115
xylem
conducts water
116
phloem
conducts sugars
117
lateral meristem
source of secondary growth (girthwise)
118
Procambium gives rise to vascular tissue.
true
119
Monocots have netlike leaf veins.
false
120
Parenchyma is dermal tissue.
false
121
Dicots have tap root system.
true
122
ethylene
promotes fruit ripening
123
abscisic acid(ABA)
inhibits plant growth
124
Auxin
promotes plant growth
125
Adipose tissue cells are filled with lipids.
true
126
Glial cells conduct nerve impulses while neurons support the glial cells.
false
127
Endocrine glands produce and release hormones.
true
128
In negative feedback, the stimuli are intensified several folds before homeostasis is resumed.
false
129
The walls of the stomach are lined with skeletal muscle tissue
false
130
Collagen and elastin are typically found in connective tissue
true
131
The function of simple squamous is diffusion.
true
132
Simple columnar epithelium is found in the lining of gut and respiratory tract.
true
133
The outer layer of skin is consisted of simple epithelium.
false
134
Striated and involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
135
Glands are derived from:
a) muscle tissue
b) connective tissue
c) epithelial tissue
d) cartilaginous tissue
c) epithelial tissue
136
___ is a specialized connective tissue that contains chondrocytes.
a) cartilage
b) muscle
c) bone
d) blood
a) cartilage
137
Tendons and ligaments consist of:
a) loose connective tissue
b) dense connective tissue
c) cartilage
b) dense connective tissue
138
A heat-sensitive neuron in your skin is an example of a:
a) sensory receptor
b) effector
c) promotor
d) integrator
a) sensory receptor
139
```
Which of the blood components below contains the oxygen-transporting protein
hemoglobin?
a) platelets
b) white blood cells
c) red blood cells
d) plasma
e) all of the above
```
c) red blood cells
140
Respiration is controlled by sensors and effectors in the brain and carotid arteries that
respond to a rise in _______ by _______ the rate of breathing.
a) O2; decreasing
b) O2; increasing
c) CO2; decreasing
d) CO2; increasing
e) NO; decreasing
d) CO2; increasing
141
Which ABO blood type is known as the universal donor?
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
d) O
142
Which of the following is not a component of plasma
a) albumin
b) water
c) dissolved ions, sugars, hormones
d) red blood cells
d) red blood cells
143
Which of the following is NOT involved in the formation of a blood clot?
a) albumin
b) fibrinogen
c) thrombin
d) fibrin
a) albumin
144
Four of the five answers listed below are components of the human respiratory system. Select the exception.
a) diaphragm
b) alveoli
c) bronchiole
d) trachea
e) esophagus
e) esophagus
145
What is the hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells?
a) platelets
b) erythropoietin
c) insulin
d) TSH(Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
b) erythropoietin
146
Excitation for a heartbeat is initiated in the:
a) sinoatrial (SA) node
b) atrioventicular(AV) node
c) atrioventicular(AV) valve
d) semilunar valve
a) sinoatrial (SA) node
147
Plasma is the cellular portion of blood
false
148
Humans have open circulatory system
false
149
Gas exchange takes place in alveoli.
true
150
bradycardia
a slower than normal heart rate
151
right atrium
receives blood from body
152
left atrium
receives blood from lungs
153
right ventricle
pumps blood to lungs
154
left ventricle
pumps blood to body
155
tachycardia
a faster than normal heart rate
156
____Are barriers to pathogens at body surfaces.
a) intact skin and mucous membranes
b) tears and saliva
c) resident bacteria
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
157
```
____ are molecules that macrophages recognize as self and will not elicit an
immune response.
a) antigens
b) MHC
c) interleukins
d) antibodies
```
b) MHC
158
Macrophages are derived from___
a) basophils
b) neutrophils
c) monocytes
d) eosinophils
c) monocytes
159
Immunoglobulins designated_IgE__is involved in histamine release.
a) IgA
b) IgM
c) IgE
d) IgG
c) IgE
160
Memory cells are__________ that function in___________.
a) macrophages; removing the debris of an infection.
b) T cells; determining which B cells will get activated
c) T cells; remembering self-antigen, thus protecting the body’s cells
d) B cells; retaining the ability to make an antibody used to fight a previous infection
d) B cells; retaining the ability to make an antibody used to fight a previous infection
161
Eosinophils are the most abundant leukocytes(WBC ) in blood.
false
162
Inflammation is a non-specific immune response.
true
163
T-cell lymphocytes originate and mature in the bone marrow.
false
164
Activated complement system is a part of the first line of defense.
false
165
Effector helper T-cells are needed for antibody mediated immune response.
true
166
Candida albican
thrush
167
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
inhibit transcription of HIV RNA into DNA
168
Grave’s disease
hyperthyroidism
169
allergy
pollen, bee venom provoke
170
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
hypothyroidism
171
Integrase inhibitors
inhibit the incorporation of HIV DNA into
| T-cell DNA
172
cytomegalovirus
retinitis(blindness)
173
T-20
inhibit binding of gp-120 to CD-4 receptors
174
HIV
a) contains two strands of RNA
b) contains two strands of DNA
c) has reverse transcriptase
d) a & c
e) b & c
d) a & c (contains two strands of RNA & has reverse transcriptase)
175
HIV is transmitted by:
a) exchange of blood
b) exchange of vaginal secretions
c) hugging
d) all of the above
e) a& b
e) a & b (exchange of blood & vaginal secretions)
176
```
Digestive organ that is responsible for re-absorption of water and the concentration of
food residues:
a. liver
b. pancreas
c. small intestine
d. large intestine
e. rectum
```
d. large intestine
177
Which of the following molecules digests proteins?
a. pepsin
b. lipase
c. nuclease
d. none of the above
a. pepsin
178
Four of the five answers listed below are functions of the digestive organs. Select the exception.
a. motility
b. absorption
c. digestion
d. elimination
e. gas exchange
e. gas exchange
179
Which of the following is involved in lipid digestion?
a. bile
b. HCL
c. insulin
d. glucose insulinotropic peptide
e. gastrin
a. bile
180
Flatworms have complete digestive systems.
false
181
Salivary amylase is a protein digesting enzyme.
false
182
Vitamin K is synthesized by resident bacteria in the human duodenum.
false
183
Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth.
true
184
Two species in the same habitat can coexist when they:
a) differ in their use of resources
b) share the same resource in different ways
c) use the same resource at different times
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
185
which of the following is not a type of symbiosis?
a) predation
b) parasitism
c) commensalism
d) mutualism
a) predation
186
The brown headed cowbird is an example of a:
a) microparasite
b) hemiparasite
c) social parasite
d) all of the above
c) social parasite
187
The revegetation of the area that was burnt by the recent fires is an example of:
a) primary succession
b) secondary succession
c) resource partitioning
d) all of the above
b) secondary succession
188
Lice are ectoparasites.
true
189
Mistletoe is an example of a hemiparasite.
true
190
In commensalism both species benefit.
false
191
Biodiversity tends to be higher in the polar regions and lower in the tropics.
false
