FINAL

Question 1

Placing the UE in Sling will reduce sublaxation how much ?

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

E-stim and subluxation may improve what?

Answer 2

Strength, joint alignment, spasticity, and sensory deficits

Question 3

Is there evidence for pain reduction with e-stim?

Answer 3

NO

Question 4

Did e-stim improve pain free PROM

Answer 4

Yes.

Question 5

What is early stage of ALS?

Answer 5

Facial weakness in arms, legs, or bulbar muscles.
Trips or drop things
Slurred speech 
Abnormal fatigue
Uncontrollable laugh/cry

Question 6

How does the progress of ALS looks like?

Answer 6

Marked muscle atrophy
weight loss
spasticity
muscle cramps
fasciculation
difficulty walking, dressing, FMC, swallowing, breathing.

Question 7

What does a person with ALS will need at the end life stage?

Answer 7

Feeding tube and ventilator

Question 8

How long does a person live after onset of ALS

Answer 8

2 to 5 years.

Question 9

What are the symptoms of early huntingdons disease ?

Answer 9

Alterations in behavior
change in cognitive functioning
Choreiform movement of the hands

Question 10

What are the symptoms of middle stage huntingdons disease ?

Answer 10

Memory and decision making skills.

Gait and balance disturbances

Question 11

What are the symptoms of late huntingdons disease ?

Answer 11

Verbal comprehension
Dysarthria 
Depression worsens
Bradykinesia and akinesia 
Increased difficulty with handwriting 
Slow saccadic and ocular eye movements 
Dysphagia and chocking hazard

Question 12

What does stage one Parkinsons disease look like?

Answer 12

Min Symptoms
Usually tremors
Symptoms dont affect daily routines

Question 13

What does stage two Parkinsons disease look like?

Answer 13

Diseases starts to affect whole body

Routines activities may take longed to complete

Question 14

What does stage three Parkinsons disease look like?

Answer 14

Loss of balance and coordination.

Routines may become difficult.

Question 15

What does stage four Parkinsons disease look like?

Answer 15

Nearly impossible to live on your own.

Routines activities should no be performed alone.

Question 16

What does stage five Parkinsons disease look like?

Answer 16

Confined to bed. Dementia, confusion and hallucinations begin.

Question 17

Guillain Barre disease?

Answer 17

Rare autoimmune disease.
Requiring a long period of recovery
Body’s immune system attack the peripheral nervous system.

Question 18

GB. Damage to the myelin sheath prevents nerve function that lead to?

Answer 18

muscle weakness, pain, or paralysis of entire body.

Question 19

Clinical picture of GB?

Answer 19

Rapid progressive weakness of bilateral extremities distal to proximal.
Brain dose not receive signals from body and vice versa

Question 20

What are the first symptoms of GB?

Answer 20

Tingling
crawling skin,
painful sensation that begins in the hands and feet

Question 21

IF the demyelination continues it may impact?

Answer 21

breathing, speaking, swallowing, blood pressure and HR

Question 22

What is the initial/Acute phase of GB?

Answer 22

Last one to tow weeks. Until there is no more decline.

Question 23

What is the OT role in the initial/acute phase of GB?

Answer 23

PROM 
Positioning 
splinting and preventing contracture/deformity 
Passive activities like watching TV
Address anxiety, fear and panic

Question 24

What is the Plateau Phase of GB?

Answer 24

Were physical status is stable. NO decline or recovery yet.

Question 25

What is Recovery phase of GB?

Answer 25

Slow physical recovery. It can be up to 2 years. Spontaneous recovery

Question 26

What can OT do during recovery phase of GB?

Answer 26

Prevent muscle belly tenderness, fatigue, and further damage to nerves Address proximal joints first then distal Introduce activities based on fatigue and tolerance AE, compensatory strategies, energy conservation, joint protection Lifestyle redesign.

Question 27

Y tape used for?

Answer 27

Inhibit muscle stimuli

Question 28

I Tape for?

Answer 28

Acute injuries (edema, pain, correct alignment)

Question 29

X tape for?>

Answer 29

Variety of movement required of a joint

Question 30

Donut- Web/Fan

Answer 30

Used for edema

Question 31

In order to inhibit overused or stretched muscles we want to apply tape from?

Answer 31

Insertion to origin

Question 32

In order to facilitate weak or under performing muscles we want to apply tape from?

Answer 32

Origin to insertion

Question 33

Open brain injury?

Answer 33

Depends on the shape, mass, direction and velocity of the object.

Question 34

Closed brain injutry consist of?

Answer 34

indirect or direct impact without penetration

Question 35

Dynamic lading injury?

Answer 35

Rapid acceleration and deceleration of the brain (MVA)

Question 36

Static Loading injury?

Answer 36

Crush injury/slow mechanical force applied to the brain

Question 37

Focal

Answer 37

Direct blow to the head with external object/fall or penetrating injury from a weapon, collision of the brain inner tables of the skull. Common with falls

Question 38

What is Coup?

Answer 38

Direct site of injury

Question 39

Countercopu

Answer 39

Indirect site of injury

Question 40

What is Epidural Hematomas (EDH) ?

Answer 40

associated with skull fracture and disruption of meningeal arteries

Question 41

What is Subdural Hematomas (SDH)

Answer 41

Occurs between dura and brain surface due to tering of bridging veins

Question 42

Pre-Frontal and Anterior temporal areas (SDH)

Answer 42

Memory, emotion, and motivation

Question 43

Orbitofrontal Area SHD

Answer 43

impulsivity

Question 44

Frontalateral Cortex SHD?

Answer 44

Impulsivity, hemiparesis, attention and mental flexibility

Question 45

Multifocal and Diffuse Brain injury?

Answer 45

Often cause by sudden deceleration of the body and head with variable forces and deeper portions of the brain.

Question 46

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) common when?

Answer 46

Missile wound and common after falls and assault

Question 47

Subarachnoid Hemorrage (SAH) and Interventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) occurs when?

Answer 47

Pia or arachnoid is torn

Question 48

Diffuse Axonal Injuries (DAIs) or Traumatic Axonal Injury (TAI) caused by?

Answer 48

rapid deceleration and rotation of the brain in the skill. Cerebrum rotates around the brainstem. Results in coma.

Question 49

Primary Injury occurs ?

Answer 49

At the time of trauma | Examples of Hemorrhage, infarction and herniation of brain tissue

Question 50

Secondary injury results from?

Answer 50

brain swelling, closed space and loss perfusion and decreased delivery of oxygen.

Question 51

Comma is?

Answer 51

Absence of awareness of self and environment

Question 52

Vegetative State?

Answer 52

Wakefulness without awareness

Question 53

What is Minimally Conscious State (MCS)?

Answer 53

Evidence of awareness of self and/or environment Must have at least 1 of the following. Follow commands, gestures, or verbal yes or no responses, intelligible verbalization and purposeful movement

Question 54

Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)

Answer 54

Length of time from the injury to the moment individual regain ongoing memory of daily events Longer PTA poorer outcomes >4 weeks indicates of significant long-term disability

Question 55

PTA score < 10 minutes

Answer 55

very mild

Question 56

PTA score 10 to 60 min

Answer 56

mild

Question 57

PTA score 1 to 24 h

Answer 57

moderate

Question 58

PTA score 1 to 7 days

Answer 58

Severe

Question 59

PTA score> 7 days

Answer 59

very severe

Question 60

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Answer 60

A neurological disease associated with repeated head trauma | Results in global brain atrophy