Final Assignments and Quiz Questions Flashcards
1
Q
The most common site of shoulder impingement is
A
Between the inferior acromion on the superior humeral head
2
Q
Which of the following can contribute to shoulder impingement?
A
All of the above
-Type III acromion
-Thicken subacromial bursa
-Calcific coracoacromial ligament
3
Q
A 18-year-old athlete was diagnosed with rotator cuff tear and referred to PT outpatient clinic. Which of the following muscles might be torn?
A
Infraspinatus
4
Q
As the question described above, PT started initial evaluation on this 18-year-old patient. The PT identified that the patient had severe loss of shoulder ROM and strength, significant swelling and ecchymosis on the shoulder. What grade of the lesion the patient might have?
A
Grade 3
5
Q
Which of the following is true on biceps tendonitis?
A
All of the above
-Biceps tendon injury can involve tendinosis from repetitive overhead use or repetitive activities which cause the humeral head to translate anteriorly and superiorly, therefore impinging the biceps tendon.
-Patient’s symptoms may radiate into elbow.
-Surgery is generally not indicated in cases of biceps tendonitis.
6
Q
Begin with strengthening of scapular stabilizers is important during the rehabilitation on a patient with shoulder rotator cuff tear. The following muscles are scapular stabilizers EXCEPT?
A
Supraspinatus
7
Q
Which of the following movements may aggravate the symptoms in a person with rotator cuff repair?
A
Hand behind the back
8
Q
Which of the following is considered as part of shoulder joint complex?
A
All of the above
-Scapulothoracic joint
-Sternoclavicular joint
-Acromioclavicular joint
9
Q
Begin with development of scapular stabilizers is important during the rehabilitation on a patient with shoulder impingement syndrome. The following muscles are scapular stabilizers EXCEPT?
A
Infraspinatus
10
Q
Which of the following may contribute to shoulder impingement syndrome?
A
Excessive tightness on pectoralis major due to forward shoulder posture.
11
Q
If a patient has shoulder pain during shoulder horizontal adduction, which type of shoulder impingement can most likely be the cause?
A
Coracoid impingement
12
Q
Which of the following is true about rotator cuff tears?
A
Chronic subacromial impingement may lead to the injury.
13
Q
Which of the following might be the symptom found on a patient with rotator cuff tears?
A
All of the above.
-Peripheral numbness or tingling.
-Thoracic pain.
-Point tender pain at the insertion of teres minor.
14
Q
A 70-year-old patient with rotator cuff tears and other systemic chronic diseases is consulting with a PT about whether he should receive an open rotator cuff repair. What might be the advantage if the patient decides not to receive surgical treatment?
A
Avoid the risks of infection from the procedure and complications from anesthesia.
15
Q
Which of the following movement may aggravate the symptom on a person with rotator cuff tears?
A
Computer or desk work
16
Q
_________ involves an accumulation of microtrauma that can lead to degenerative changes in the tendon. These changes include fibrosis, adhesions, and microtears that cause pain and lead to more tendon damage as the disease progresses.
A
Tendinosis
17
Q
Which of the following is true on the rehabilitation for biceps tendonitis?
A
Look for other causes or predisposing factors to the injury can help to prevent future injury.
18
Q
Which of the following active movements should be limited when treating a patient with one-week post operation for SLAP lesion repair?
A
Shoulder flexion and elbow flexion
19
Q
Which of the following can be a sign or symptom of a patient with Bankart lesions ?
A
All of the above
-Diffuse thoracic or upper trapezius pain
-Clicking or popping with motion
-Feeling of instability
20
Q
Which of the following is a static stabilizer for glenohumeral joint?
A
Glenoid labrum
21
Q
What population is more likely to have shoulder instability?
A
20-year-old baseball player
22
Q
Which of the following diseases is associated with higher risk of having adhesive capsulitis?
A
Hypertriglyceridemia
23
Q
What is true for adhesive capsulitis?
A
Codman’s (pendulum) exercises may decrease patient’s symptoms
24
Q
Cubital tunnel syndrome is a form of mononeuropathy caused by entrapment, compression, stretch, ischemia, infection, or inflammation of the ______ nerve in the cubital tunnel or surrounding tissues.
A
Ulnar
25
A 42-year-old was diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis. Which of the following activities may aggravate the patient’s elbow symptoms?
All of the above
-Perform strong gripping.
-Passive stretching of the wrist and finger extensors.
-Apply compression on lateral epicondyle.
26
Which of the following is true for elbow epicondylitis and its rehabilitation?
Poor technique and a deconditioned musculoskeletal system can be the contributing factors.
27
What is true about elbow dislocation?
Lateral instability often occurs after elbow dislocation.
28
What is true for lateral epicondylitis?
It is also called tennis elbow.
29
What is true for Golfer's elbow?
Patient’s pain complaints may be sharp or achy and radiate down medial forearm.
30
The most common type of elbow dislocation is ________ displacement of the olecranon in relation to the humerus.
Posterior
31
A 55-year-old male carpenter has been referred to PT with a diagnosis of right lateral elbow pain. The PT is making a clinical hypothesis that the patient might have lateral epicondylitis. Which of the following muscles should be checked first to support this hypothesis?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
32
As the question described above, what clinical sign and symptom can be seen during the PT evaluation on this patient?
All of the above
-Decreased grip strength
-Pain with passive stretching of the wrist extensor
-Tenderness over lateral epicondyle
33
Which of the following PT interventions might be the most appropriate during phase four rehabilitation for a patient with medical epicondylitis?
Interval throwing program
34
What is true for medical epicondylitis?
Patient’s pain complaints may be sharp or achy and radiate down medial forearm.
35
Which of the following is true for cubital tunnel syndrome?
Improper sleeping patterns such as the arms are fully flexed may contribute to cubital tunnel syndrome.
36
Which of the following is the common sign or symptom of cubital tunnel syndrome?
Intrinsic muscle wasting.
37
What is true about elbow dislocation?
Individuals who participate in gymnastics that may predispose him or her to a falling incident are at risk of elbow dislocation.
38
A 15-year-old male presents to the emergency department after falling on his outstretched hand during a basketball game. X-rays reveal a posterior elbow dislocation. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his injury?
Participate in sporting activities
39
Following the elbow dislocation, this 15-year-old male underwent a successful reduction in the emergency department. He is now referred to outpatient physical therapy for rehabilitation. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management strategy?
Short-term immobilization followed by early controlled motion
40
A patient presents with numbness and tingling in the ring and little fingers, which worsens when the elbow is flexed for prolonged periods. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cubital tunnel syndrome
41
Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for a patient with mild cubital tunnel syndrome?
Lifestyle modification
42
A patient presents with a nerve injury that has resulted in Wallerian degeneration. According to the Seddon classification, which of the following stages of nerve injury is most likely present?
Axonotmesis (Stage II)
43
A patient with lateral epicondylosis is in the third phase of rehabilitation (4-6 weeks). Which of the following exercises would be most appropriate to include in their treatment plan?
Eccentric strengthening of the wrist extensors
44
A 50-year-old pickleball player reports lateral elbow pain. He notices that his pain is aggravated by gripping the paddle and twisting his forearm during serves, but feels relief when resting and applying ice. Which of the following activities is MOST likely contributing to his symptoms?
Repetitive wrist turning and hand gripping during pickleball play
45
A 17-year-old male baseball pitcher reports pain on the medial side of his right elbow (dominant arm). He notes the pain started gradually a few weeks ago and has been worsening. He denies any specific trauma. His coach recently adjusted his pitching style to improve speed and accuracy, and he's been practicing those adjustments more days per week than before. Based on this information and considering contributing factors, which of the following is the MOST likely primary contributing factor to his medial elbow pain?
Beginning a new activity or abruptly increasing the frequency or intensity of the offending activity
46
Following the initial presentation, the 17-year-old baseball pitcher is diagnosed with medial epicondylitis. During the physical therapy examination, which of the following findings would be MOST consistent with this diagnosis?
Pain with resisted wrist flexion and pronation
47
As of today, which of the following is a common clinical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy?
Rotator cuff tendinopathy
48
If a patient with De Quervain's Syndrome chooses conservative treatment (without surgery), the most important single aspect of treatment is:
protecting the tendons from stress through activity modification and splinting.
49
Which of the following tissues may be involved in De Quervain's tenosynovitis?
Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
50
Which of the following factors may increase the volume of the contents in the carpal tunnel?
Systemic conditions that increase fluid retention such as hypothyroidism and pregnancy.
51
On patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, the increased pressure leads to ischemia or axonal compression of the ______ nerve, experienced by the patient as pain, paresthesias, and/or numbness in the volar aspect of the radial three digits.
median
52
People with trigger finger usually develop symptoms of pain and tenderness along the _______ surface of the palm and digit.
volar
53
A 30-year-old computer engineer has a complaint of pain in the radial aspect of the wrist that refers into the thumb and up the radial side of the forearm. Which of the following pathologies might be related to this symptom?
De Quervain's syndrome.
54
Which of the following factors may decrease the volume of the carpal tunnel?
Chronic positioning in mid- to end-ranges of wrist flexion or extension.
55
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Inability to oppose thumb or atrophy of thenar eminence.
56
Which of the following tissues may be involved in De Quervain's tenosynovitis?
Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
57
What is true about De Quervain's syndrome?
Activities involving a wide grip and resistance to ulnar deviation may aggravate the symptoms.
58
Which of the following is true for trigger finger?
All of the above.
-The hallmark sign of the disorder is catching or “triggering” of the flexor tendons during active or passive flexion/extension of the digits.
-Found more often in manual laborers, farmers, musicians, and others whose occupations involve prolonged and/or forceful gripping.
-Repetitive use, inflammation, and fluid stasis within the fibroosseous tunnel surrounding the digital flexor tendons have all been implicated in trigger finger.
59
A 82-year-old male was diagnosed with trigger finger on his right hand. During the PT initial evaluation, which of the following might be the patient’s sign and symptom?
The third and fourth digits may be locking at any point in flexion/extension range and with passive or active movement.
60
What is the rationale for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy?
All of the above
-PRP concentrates can modulate pain and inflammation.
-PRP concentrates can initiate tissue repair via the release of biologically active factors and adhesion proteins by the platelets at the injury site.
-PRP concentrates can stimulate the supraphysiological release of growth factors to jump-start healing in chronic injuries and accelerate the acute injury repair process.
61
As of today, which of the following is a common clinical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy?
Patellar tendinopathy
62
In general, what is the treatment goal of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in orthopedic and sport medicine?
To foster soft tissue repair.
63
What is the function of platelet?
All of the above
-Contribute to angiogenesis.
-Participate in the process of inflammation.
-Release growth factors and cytokines.
64
Which of the following is true for trigger finger?
The digits may be locked at any point in flexion/extension range and with passive or active movement.
65
A 22-year-old graphic designer presents with numbness and tingling in her dominant hand, especially in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. She reports that symptoms worsen after prolonged use of a stylus and keyboard during her 8-hour workday. She often wakes up at night with her hand feeling "asleep" and finds relief by shaking it out. Examination reveals decreased grip strength on the affected side. AROM and PROM are WNL.
What is the MOST LIKELY medical diagnosis?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
66
A new mother presents with radial-sided wrist pain that developed 3 weeks after returning to work while frequently lifting her 6-month-old infant. Pain increases during thumb-assisted grasping and bottle feeding. The physical exam shows grip strength is 4/5 on the affected side. Wrist ROM is normal.
What is the BEST PT clinical impression?
First dorsal compartment tenosynovitis
67
A 62-year-old gardener reports painful "catching" of her middle finger when gripping tools. Symptoms improve with morning warm compresses but worsen after pruning rose bushes. Physical exam reveals a palpable nodule at the A1 pulley and + triggering during active flexion/extension.
What can be the PRIMARY pathology?
Trigger finger
68
A 48-year-old patient is referred to your outpatient clinic following a Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injection for chronic wrist extensor tendinopathy. She is now 2 weeks post-injection and reports decreased pain but persistent weakness. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of PRP in musculoskeletal conditions?
Overall, PRP is a safe therapy alone or in combination with other concurrent treatments.
69
A 58-year-old seamstress presents with more than 8 months of persistent left middle finger "locking" during gripping motions. Conservative treatment with splinting and corticosteroid injections provided only temporary relief. Physical exam reveals a palpable nodule at the A1 pulley and reproducible triggering. Her orthopedic surgeon recommends surgical intervention.
Which surgical procedure is MOST appropriate for this patient?
Percutaneous A1 pulley release
70
Which of the following activities can help to relieve the symptoms in a patient with greater trochanteric bursitis?
Contralateral side lying with pillow between knees.
71
Why would climbing and descending stairs aggravate the symptoms in a patient diagnosed with greater trochanteric bursitis?
These activities create increased stress or pressure on the hip joint, requiring more stabilization from muscle-tendon units and their surrounding structures.
72
What is true about hamstring injury?
Muscle fatigue may lead to hamstring strain.
73
What is true in the definition of grade one hamstring strain?
Pain with minimal or no strength and ROM loss. Very minimal tissue disruption has occurred.
74
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a clinical syndrome based on the presence of symptoms over the greater trochanter of the hip, including
All of the above
-Gluteal tendinopathy
-Bursitis
-Iliotibial band pathology
75
Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to cause piriformis syndrome?
Prolonged sitting
76
During the PT evaluation on a patient with hamstring strain, which of the following tests may induce patient’s symptoms?
All of the above
-Palpation on muscle belly of hamstrings.
-Passive stretching of the hamstrings.
-Manual muscle test on hamstrings.
77
Which is true in the epidemiology and demographics of hip labral tear?
People with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease will have a greater chance of developing hip labral tear.
78
In addition to pain in the buttocks/gluteal region, what other signs and symptoms a patient with piriformis syndrome may have?
All of the above
-Dyspareunia
-Positive Lasègue's sign
-Pain with bowel movements
79
Which of the following may lead to hip labral tear?
Activities with sudden twisting of the hip.
80
If a patient reported that she is having symptoms of pain over the posterior lateral hip and buttock and sometimes the symptoms extend down the lateral thigh, which of the following tissues might be compromised and need to be checked first?
Gluteus medius tendon and subgluteus maximus bursa.
81
Which of the following contributing factors for greater trochanteric pain syndrome is considered a modifiable factor?
All of the above
-Tight hip adductors.
-Poor multifidus activation.
-Poor posture during sitting.
82
Why would running, jumping, and climbing aggravate the symptoms in a patient diagnosed with greater trochanteric bursitis?
These activities create increased stress or pressure on the hip joint, requiring more stabilization from muscle-tendon units and their surrounding structures.
83
What is true on grade two muscle strain?
Tissue damage that results in decreased muscle strength and function. Muscle fiber disruption has occurred.
84
What is true about hamstring strain?
Most tendon injuries occur in the proximal hamstring tendons, close to their insertion on the ischial tuberosity.
85
During the PT evaluation on a patient with hamstring strain, which of the following tests may induce patient’s symptoms?
All of the above
-Resisted knee flexion
-Passive stretching of the hamstrings
-Palpation on ischial tuberosity
86
How can physical therapists address the contributing factors in a patient with hamstring strain?
All of the above
-Stretch the tight muscles groups especially the hip flexors, erector spinae, and hamstrings.
-Improve hip joint mobility by manual therapy.
-Educate the patient on proper running technique.
87
A patient with hip pain described having radicular-type symptoms in the lower extremity posterior thigh and calf. Which of the following pathologies might be relevant to this clinical manifestation?
Piriformis syndrome
88
A 38-year-old female marathon runner with greater trochanteric bursitis received a corticosteroid injection one week ago and is now referred to physical therapy. Which intervention is MOST appropriate during the initial rehabilitation phase?
Soft tissue mobilization (STM) to improve iliotibial band mobility.
89
Which of the following statements about the etiology of hamstring strain and tendinopathy is TRUE?
Hamstring tendon injuries often result from repetitive loading during activities like sprinting, where traction is applied across the enthesis.
90
A 17-year-old male soccer player, known for his exceptional performance, sustained a hamstring strain during a high-stakes championship game. He was unexpectedly called off the bench to play midway through the second half. Due to numerous stoppages and injuries, the game went into extra time, and he sustained the injury while sprinting for the ball in the final minutes of the match. During the physical therapy evaluation, which of the following factors is MOST likely to have contributed to his injury?
Inadequate pre-game warm-up combined with increasing fatigue during the game.
91
Which of the following statements about the etiology of labral tears is TRUE?
Labral tears can occur due to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), where the labrum is impinged between the acetabulum and femoral head.
92
A DPT student has been experiencing persistent, deep aching pain in her right buttock for several weeks, making it difficult to sit through lectures. She notices the pain is aggravated by prolonged sitting while studying and driving. She feels discomfort when palpating the area around her hip. She also notes occasional radicular-type symptoms down the posterior thigh, following the sciatic nerve pattern. Considering her symptoms and prolonged sitting, which of the following pre-test diagnoses is MOST likely?
Piriformis syndrome with sciatic nerve irritation
93
Which of the following is true about the symptoms of patellar tendinopathy?
All of the above
-There is normally no referral pattern for patellar tendinopathy.
-The onset of symptoms may be insidious.
-Symptoms may improve during activity only to worsen after cessation of activity
94
What is the rationale for hip abduction and external rotation strengthening in a patient with a history of patellar subluxation?
Minimize femoral adduction and internal rotation, which may contribute to increased genu valgum posture in squat positions.
95
What is true about ACL injuries?
Femoral notch stenosis is a contributing factor.
96
Which of the following case scenarios may have a better outcome after receiving surgical reconstruction instead of only getting the conservative treatment?
All of the above
-A 26-year-old professional football player with grade III ACL injury has a desire to return to sport.
-A female collegiate soccer player who recently torn her ACL, MCL and medial meniscus at the same incident.
-A 50-year-old male computer engineer who torn his ACL when he played pickleball and developed abnormal laxity.
97
Which of the following can be a cause of meniscal tears?
All of the above
-A noncontact event such as landing from a jump, pivoting, decelerating, or cutting.
-Tissue degeneration due to repetitive activities over time.
-Previous history of trauma to knee joints such as an ACL tear or previous history of knee surgery.
98
Which of the following therapeutic exercises can be beneficial for a patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome during the early stage of rehabilitation?
Open kinetic chain exercises for quadriceps strengthening within pain-free ranges.
99
What is true for LCL sprain?
The most common method of injury is a direct varus force with the foot plantar flexed and the knee in extension.
100
Which of the following can be the cause of meniscal tears?
All of the above
-Compressive force coupled with rotation while the knee is in a flexed position. For example, jump, pivoting, decelerating, or cutting.
-Tissue degeneration due to repetitive activities over time.
-Tissues early aging because of previous history of trauma on knee joints.
101
What is true about the treatment for meniscus tear?
Biophysical agents (modalities) can decrease pain and inflammation.
102
Which of the following can contribute to the development of patellofemoral joint pain?
Decreased strength on gluteus maximus.
103
Which of the following therapeutic exercises can be beneficial for a patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome during the early stage of rehabilitation?
Open kinetic chain exercises for quadriceps strengthening within pain-free ranges.
104
Which of the following is true for the rehabilitation of patellar tendinopathy?
All of the above
-Strength deficit is a contributing factor and eccentric exercise training can be beneficial for chronic tendinopathy.
-Abnormal patellar alignment and tracking may cause pain in the region of the patellar tendon or at the proximal insertion at the inferior pole of the patella. Therefore, they need to be assessed carefully during initial evaluation.
-Age is an intrinsic factor that plays a role in patellar tendinopathy, so patient education is important.
105
Which of the following statements is true for patellar injuries?
Acute patellar dislocations can occur with direct blow to the knee.
106
Which of the following case scenarios can be a good candidate (indication) for knee surgery?
All of the above
-A 30-year-old female patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome who has a stable patella but excessively laterally tilted because of tight retinacular tissue, preventing normal tracking of the patella in the trochlear groove.
-A 24-year-old CrossFitter with left patellar tendinosis complained of the same knee pain when CrossFitting since starting of regular PT one year ago.
-An 18-year-old female college basketball player dislocated her patella 3 times over the past 6 months.
107
What is true for ACL injury?
Change of direction during walking or running aggravates the symptoms.
108
Addressing the contributing factors for ACL injuries is essential during rehabilitation for the patient. What is considered as a contributing factor ACL injury?
Weak hamstring muscle strength
109
In patients who underwent ACL surgery, graft maturation and ligamentation process need to be taken into consideration. What is the correct order of ligamentation?
Necrosis --> Revascularization --> Cellular proliferation --> Collagen formation, remodeling, and maturation
110
What is true for clinical management of MCL injuries?
The ability of a torn ligament to heal depends on anatomical location and the presence of associated injuries.
111
What is true for LCL sprain?
The most common method of injury is a direct varus force with the foot plantar flexed and the knee in extension.
112
Which of the following case scenarios can be considered for knee surgery?
A 67-year-old retiring teacher playing tennis three to five times a week recently had radial and Bucket-handle tears on both medial and lateral menisci of right knee.
113
A 25-year-old male patient is 6 weeks post-op following an ACL reconstruction with a patellar tendon autograft. He is progressing well in outpatient physical therapy. According to current evidence, which of the following statements BEST reflects key considerations for his rehabilitation?
Collagen formation, remodeling, and maturation will continue for 1 to 2 years after surgery, influencing the progression of exercise intensity.
114
A 48-year-old female patient presents to an outpatient physical therapy clinic with anterior knee pain that has been gradually increasing over the past few months. She reports the pain is aggravated by activities such as squatting, running, and prolonged sitting with her knees bent. Based on the examination, the physical therapist suspects Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). Which of the following factors, if present, could be contributing factors to this patient's PFPS?
All of the above
-Decreased knee extensor strength and decreased quadriceps flexibility
-Increased tibial torsion, wide Q angle, and genu recurvatum
-Pes planus and excessive foot pronation
115
A 20-year-old female presents to physical therapy after an acute patellar dislocation sustained while playing basketball. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding patellar dislocations/subluxations?
Most patellar dislocations result from a noncontact mechanism involving lower extremity internal rotation and knee valgus stress on a fixed distal extremity.
116
Which of the following is true about shin splints?
All of the above
-Periostitis at the posterior medial border of the distal tibia may cause shin splints.
-Excessive navicular drop can be a contributing factor.
-Patient may have a complaint of pain over the medial border of the tibia.
117
Which of the following is the best recommendation for an overweight patient with shin splints?
Participate in weight management program.
118
Which of the following is true of plantar fasciitis?
Recent change in weight-bearing exercise regimen may lead to plantar fasciitis.
119
Which of the following can be a contributing factor for plantar fasciitis that a PT can address on?
All of the above
-Limited dorsiflexion ROM.
-High BMI.
-Pronated foot.
120
In addition to measuring navicular height from the ground, the alignments of which two bones are essential when assessing the medical longitudinal arch?
First metatarsal and talus
121
Achilles tendon injuries are typically the result of excessive eccentric loading that results from
All of the above
-changes in training.
-errors in training.
-different terrain in training.
122
Which of the following is true on ankle sprain?
Surgery is not usually indicated for ankle sprains. However, patients may undergo surgery for grade III sprains.
123
Which of the following is TRUE for Achilles Tendinopathy?
Poor surgical outcomes might be associated with advanced age, intertendon lesions, and partial tendon ruptures.
124
A 17-year-old male cross-country runner presents to physical therapy with gradual-onset posterior ankle pain. He reports recently increasing his mileage for championship training. Pain is localized 4 cm proximal to the Achilles tendon insertion and worsens during hill sprints. Palpation reveals tenderness in this hypovascular "watershed zone" of the tendon. Which of the following BEST explains the etiology of this patient's condition?
Multifactorial overuse combined with hypovascularity and failed tendon healing mechanisms.
125
A 24-year-old patient is referred to physical therapy 5 days after sustaining a Grade II lateral ankle sprain. The examination reveals moderate pain and edema, limited weight-bearing tolerance, and restricted ROM with some strength and proprioception loss. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate at this stage of rehabilitation?
Focus on pain reduction, gentle pain-free ROM exercises, and proprioceptive training with limited weight bearing.
126
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding ankle sprains?
Ankle sprains indicate that the structural integrity of the ligament(s) at the ankle has been altered, most commonly due to trauma.
127
A physical therapist is evaluating a 19-year-old cross-country runner with a recent diagnosis of medial tibial stress syndrome (Shin Splints). Which of the following is MOST likely to be a contributing factor to this patient's condition?
Excessive navicular drop and high BMI.
128
A 16-year-old male runner is diagnosed with medial tibial stress syndrome (Shin Splints). He reports pain along the distal third of his medial tibia that increases with running. Examination reveals pain with palpation of the medial tibial border and a history of increasing his mileage rapidly. Which of the following rehabilitation interventions is MOST appropriate for this patient in the initial phase of treatment?
Activity modification to reduce pain, non-weight-bearing exercises to maintain fitness, and education regarding footwear and training modifications.
129
A patient with plantar fasciitis has pain and limited ankle joint mobility. During the initial phase of rehabilitation, which of the following interventions is the MOST appropriate primary focus?
Restoring talocrural dorsiflexion and STM of the gastrocnemius and soleus
130
A patient with plantar fasciitis reports experiencing intense heel pain with the first few steps each morning. Which of the following BEST explains the physiological basis for this symptom?
During sleep, the plantar fascia shortens, and initial weight-bearing causes a sudden stretch that irritates the fascia and results in pain.
131
A patient presents to an outpatient physical therapy clinic reporting lower extremity pain. Which of the following symptom presentations is MOST indicative of plantar fasciitis?
Pain and stiffness in the heel, which is most intense with the first steps in the morning and after periods of prolonged sitting.
132
Which of the following is true about ankle injuries?
Some chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are associated with Achilles tendinopathy.
133
Which of the following is true about ankle sprains?
Syndesmotic injuries may mimic pain like a lateral ankle sprain.
134
Which of the following variables is relevant to determine the arch of foot?
Talometatarsal angle
135
Which of the following statements about tendinitis and tendinosis is CORRECT?
Tendinitis involves inflammation of the tendon, while tendinosis is degeneration of the tendon in the absence of inflammatory cells.
136
A patient is 5 days post Grade II lateral ankle sprain. Which intervention is MOST appropriate?
Pain reduction, pain-free ROM exercise, proprioception with limited weight bearing.
137
Which of the following is MOST likely to be a contributing factor in a teenage runner presenting with medial tibial stress syndrome (Shin Splints)?
Excessive navicular drop
138
Which of the following ankle movements, when limited, is MOST associated with contributing to plantar fasciitis?
Ankle dorsiflexion
139
_________ is a progressive disease in which lack of mineralization of the bone matrix results in a softening of bone without the loss of the bone matrix.
Osteomalacia
140
Which of the following is the most relevant PT intervention for a patient with osteoporosis?
Balance assessment and falls prevention program.
141
Which of the following clinical manifestations is more relevant to the developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Positive Ortolani or Barlow signs.
142
In children, fever and spinal pain can be classic symptoms of ____________.
Spondylodiscitis
143
Chordoma is a _____________.
primary malignant bone tumor
144
Which of the following is the most common neoplasm of the bone?
Malignant tumors that have metastasized to the bone.
145
Which of the following is TRUE?
The prostate is the most common source of skeletal metastases in men.
146
A 55-year-old male with a history of stage III colon cancer complains of persistent low back pain for 3 months. He reports no trauma and has tried rest, over-the-counter analgesics, and physical therapy exercises without improvement. Pain worsens at night and is unrelieved by positional changes. Which action should the physical therapist take FIRST?
Refer the patient back to his physician for further evaluation
147
Which of the following is TRUE regarding osteoporosis?
Primary osteoporosis is associated with aging, estrogen deficiency, and a sedentary lifestyle.
148
A 68-year-old woman presents to your clinic with complaints of gradually worsening mid-back pain and a noticeable loss of height over the past year. She denies any recent trauma. Her medical history is significant for a sedentary lifestyle and menopause at age 50. Physical exam reveals mild thoracic kyphosis and tenderness over the lower thoracic vertebrae. Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying cause of her symptoms?
Osteoporosis-related vertebral compression fractures
149
A 70-year-old woman presents with gradual loss of height and intermittent back pain. She has a history of prolonged bed rest due to a recent illness. Which of the following statements about osteoporosis and its clinical manifestations is TRUE?
Loss of height, postural changes, and back pain are common presenting features of osteoporosis, and many vertebral fractures occur without significant trauma.
150
Which of the following is TRUE about Paget disease of bone?
Paget disease commonly affects multiple bones and leads to enlarged but structurally weak bone due to disorganized remodeling.
151
Which of the following statements about the clinical manifestations of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in infants is TRUE?
A positive Ortolani or Barlow sign in a non-ambulatory infant suggests hip instability and should prompt medical evaluation for DDH.
152
Which of the following is TRUE for Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)?
All of the above.
-OI can present with a wide range of severity, from occasional fractures to severe deformities and growth retardation.
-Children with OI often have shortened stature and more involvement of the lower extremities than upper extremities.
-Children with OI may bruise easily and have ligament laxity.
153
A 9-year-old boy presents with acute onset of fever, localized pain, and swelling in his left femur. He has no history of trauma or recent surgery. Laboratory tests reveal elevated white blood cell count and inflammatory markers. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding acute osteomyelitis in this patient?
Acute osteomyelitis is a rapidly destructive infection that often spreads hematogenously in children.
154
Which of the following statements regarding spondylodiscitis is MOST accurate?
The intervertebral disk is the most common site for a spinal infection, with the infection affecting the annulus, the nucleus, or the vertebral endplates.
155
