Final Biology Review Flashcards
(132 cards)
0
Q
What is the steps of the scientific method
A
Observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, result, conclusion
1
Q
What is the scientific method
A
A series of steps that followed it may help a scientist understand an observation
2
Q
What is discovery science
A
Discovery science provides data that can be used to describe the natural world
3
Q
Prokaryotic cell defined
A
Small, simple, no membrane enclosed organelle, first appeared three .5 billion years ago, not contained with in any cellular structure, Unicellular, bacteria and archea
4
Q
Eukaryotic cell defined
A
Typically tend to 100 times larger, more structurally complex, has membrane enclosed organelle, involved approximately two .1 billion years ago, Houston membrane enclosed nucleus, unicellular or multicellular, plants, animals, fungus, protists
5
Q
What is an atomic number? Where can it be found
A
And atomic number corresponds to the number of protons. It is found at the top
6
Q
What does the atomic weight correspond to? Where can it be found?
A
The atomic weight corresponds to the number of protons plus neutrons. It is found at the bottom
7
Q
What are the four main elements
A
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
8
Q
What is a trace element
A
Elements that are present and very tiny amounts, but cells cannot survive without them
9
Q
What is an ionic bond
A
The transfer of one or more electrons from one Adam to another
10
Q
What is a covalent bond
A
The sharing of one or more electrons between Adams
11
Q
What is the pH scale
A
A way of measuring acidity
12
Q
The pH scale runs from ________ most acidic to ______ most basic
A
0 to 14
13
Q
The pH scale runs from most acetic to most acidic what is the neutral
A
Seven
14
Q
Life defined
A
The property is that living things display
15
Q
What are the properties of life 7
A
Reproduction, growth and development, energy use, order, evolution, response to the environment, cells
16
Q
What are the levels of biological organization
A
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, Oregon, tissue, organ system, sell, organelle, molecule, Adam
17
Q
Biosphere defined
A
Consists of all life on earth
18
Q
Ecosystem defined
A
Includes all the living organisms and one particular area
19
Q
Community defined
A
Consists of all the populations of organisms occupying an ecosystem
20
Q
Population definef
A
A group of interacting individuals of one species
21
Q
Organisms defined
A
Individual living being
22
Q
Organ system to find
A
A group of organs that work together to perform a label body function
23
Q
Organ defined
A
Consists of multiple tissue that cooperate to perform a specific task
24
Tissue defined
Is an integrated a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
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Cells defined
Fundamental unit of life
26
Organelle defined
Consists of the cells that perform a specific function
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Molecule define
Group of atoms bonded together
28
Adam defined
Fundamental unit of matter
29
Capsule defined
A sticky outer coat that surrounds the cell wall
30
Plasmids defined
Small rings of DNA that duplicate independently and can be exchanged among cells
31
Cytoplasm defined
The interior of the cell
32
Cell wall define
A rigid outer layer that protects the cell and provides shape
33
Plasma membrane defined
A thin layer of that regulates the passage of substances between the cell and the surroundings
34
pilus defined
Short projections that can attach to surfaces of other prokaryotes
35
Ribosomes defined
Small structures that build proteins using instructions encoded in DNA
36
Nucleoid defined
A nucleus like region where the DNA is coiled
37
Flagellum defined
A long cellular appendage that aids in movement
38
What are the unique structures of an idealized animal cell?
Lysosomes
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What is the unique structures of an idealized plant cell? (4)
Chloroplast, cell walls, wall of adjoining cells, and central vacuole.
40
Lysosomes defined
A membrane enclosed a bubble of digestive enzymes that can break down and recycle foreign or worn-out cellular substances
41
Chloroplasts defined
Structures that convert light energy into food energy during the process of photosynthesis
42
Cell wall defined in plants
A rigid, protective layer made of cellulose that helps maintain the cell shape
43
Central vacuole defined
A storage it suck that holds a variety of substances
44
Mitochondria defined
Where the cell harvest energy from food molecules
45
Golgi apparatus defined
And organelle that receives, refines, and ships any Cellular Products
46
Vesicle defined
A membrane enclosed sack of that stores or transport material to the cytoplasm
47
Plasma membrane
The outer boundary of the cell, Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
48
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that provide support and AIDS in movement
49
Nuclear envelope
A double layer of membrane that regulates transport of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
50
Endoplasmic reticulum ER
A manufacturing site for a wide variety of Cellular Products
51
The structure of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer and fluid Mosaic
52
Fluid Mosaic
the diversity of proteins a float like icebergs in the phospholipids see
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Phospholipid bilayer
Most of the proteins and it drift about in the plane of the membrane, causing the membrane to flex and undiluted.
54
Passive transport
Occurs when a substance moves across a membrane from an area with hire concentration to an area of lower concentration
55
What are the three types of passive transport
Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
56
Mitosis define
A process which produces genetically identical offspring cells with a full complement of chromosomes
57
Meiosis defined
A type of cell division that produces gametes from cells in the gonads
58
Meiosis has how many rounds of cell division
2
59
________ produces genetically identical offspring cells with a full complement of chromosomes
Mitosis
60
_________ producing genetically adequate gametes with half the number of chromosomes
Meiosis
61
Independent assortment
When chromosomes line up by Homologous pairs. Randomly assorted
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Crossing over
When the maternal and parental chromosomes swap pieces
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Gregor Mendels theory in genetics
Mandel determined that some discreet substances or passed from parent to offspring the door and reproduction and that these factors retained their individual identities from generation to generation
64
Microevolution defined
The smallest a scale of evolution
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Domain defined
The broadest category of classification
66
How do bacteria reproduce
Binary fission
67
Where do archaea live
In extreme conditions.
68
Ecology defined
The scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and with that environment
69
What is a biome
A type of ecological community that occupies a particular zone
70
How is life defined
Through a series of characteristics
71
What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
An atom
72
Barr body defined
A dense body form from a deactivated X chromosome found in the nuclei of female mammalian cells
73
Base pair to find
To DNA nucleotides, one from each polypeptide strand into DNA double helix, joined by hydrogen bonds. And DNA, the two types of base cares are a/T and C/G
74
Binary fission
A meeting of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, devise of the two individuals a bout equal size
75
Cancer defined
A malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
76
A dense layer of polysaccharides or proteins that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotic cells and is sticky, protecting the cell and enabling him to adhere to structures or other cells is a
Capsule
77
Cartilage
A type of connective tissue consisting of living cells in bedded in a rubbery matrix with collagen fibersis
78
A fish that has a flexible skeleton made of cartilage is referred to as a
Cartilaginous fish
79
A basic unit of living matter is called a
call
80
A cell body consists of
Organelles nucleus
81
Cell cycle to find
And ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell unit it's own division into two cells
82
Cell division different
The reproduction of a cell
83
Cell theory
The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells came from other cells
84
Cell wall
A protective layer external to help the plasma membrane and plant cells bacteria fungi and some protists
85
Cellular reproduction
The anaerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules
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Centromere
The region of a chromosome or two sister chromatin is our joint
87
Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules and is a potential energy
Chemical energy
88
Chemical reaction
A process leading to chemical changes in matter
89
Chlorophyll
A light absorbing pigment in chloroplasts not play a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy
90
And organelle found in plants and photo synthetic protists.that absorbs light and uses it to power the synthesis of organic food molecules
Chloroplasts
91
Chromosome
A gene caring structure found in the nucleus of your Carriott Excel and most visible during mitosis and meal sis
92
Codon
A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide
93
Cohesion
The attraction between molecules of the same kind
94
Compound
A substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio
95
Cuticle
A tough nonliving outer layer of skin
96
Electron
A subatomic particle with a single unit of A negative electrical charge
97
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means
98
Endocytosis
The movement of materials from the external environment into the cytoplasm of a cell and the visceral or vaculose
99
Endoskeleton
A hard interior skeleton located with in the soft tissue of an animal
100
Entropy
A measure of disorder, or randomness
101
Enzyme
A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process
102
Exponential growth
A continuous increase in the size of a population by a multiple of the previous generation
103
Flagella
A long appendage that propels protists through the water and moves flew across the surface of many tissue cells and animals
104
Fossil record
The order and sequence of fossils as they appear in the rock layers
105
gamete
A haploid egg or sperm. The union of two game nights of opposite sex producing a zygote
106
Gastropod
Member of the large group of mollusks, including snails and slugs
107
Gene
A unit of inheritance Indiana
108
Genetic drift
A change in the gene pool of a population due to change
109
Genetics
The scientific study of hereditary
110
Genome
The complete set of genetic material of an organism or a virus
111
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
112
Gold G apparatus
And organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membrane yes sax that modify, store, and ship Products of the endoplastic reticulum
113
Interphase
The phase and eukaryotic cell cycle when the sale is not actually dividing
114
Invasive species
A non-native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction and causes environmental or economic damage by colonizing and dominating suitable habitats
115
Invertebrate
An animal that doesn't have a backbone
116
Ionic bond
An attraction between two I am upset electrical charges
117
Isomers
One of two or more molecules of the same molecular formula but two different structures and thus different properties
118
Isotope
Variation from an Adam,
119
Macroevolution
Evolutionary changes above the species level, including the origin of Evolution and Terry novelties a new text stomach groups and the impact of mass extinction on the diversity of life and it's sequence recovery
120
Malignant tumor
And I'm normal tissue mass that spreads into neighboring tissue and two other parts of the body
121
Mammary gland
A characteristic land of mammals that secrete milk to nourish the
122
Organelle
A membrane enclosed structure with a specialized function with a eukaryotic cell
123
Sex chromosome
A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female
124
Trisomy 21
Down syndrome
125
Tumor
And I'm normal mass of cells that forms with an otherwise normal tissue
126
Zygote
The fertilized egg, which is diploid, that results from the union of haploid gametes during fertilization
127
Desperation patterns
The way individuals are spaced within a habitat
128
What are the three dispersion patterns
Clumped, uniforms, random
129
Clumped defined
The most common pattern individuals found in small groups with spaces between groups
130
Uniformed pattern
A uniform desperation pattern often results from competition between individuals for the same resource like penguins and finish
131
Random pattern
Very rare, when individuals are dispersed randomly
