final blueprint Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Infant ages
A
1month-12month
2
Q
Infant weight
A
6-9lb: double by 5 months, triple by 12 month
3
Q
infant height
A
19-21inch increase by 50% by 12 month
4
Q
infant HC
A
33-35cm increases by 10cm by 12 mo
5
Q
When does the AF close?
A
12-18 month
6
Q
When do the PF close?
A
6-8 weeks
7
Q
How do vitals change in infants?
A
blood pressure increase, hr/rr decrease
8
Q
What are infants at risk for?
A
URI, Dehydration, Heat loss,
9
Q
Why are infants at risk for heat loss?
A
blood capillaries closer to skin
10
Q
Why are infants at risk for dehydration?
A
mostly water
11
Q
when should infants start solids?
A
4-6 months
12
Q
What do we introduce first to infants?
A
cereal (rice, oatmeal)
veggies
fruits (last)
13
Q
4 mo gross motor milestone
A
rolls from back to side, head control
14
Q
4 mo fine motor skill
A
Grasp objects with both hands
15
Q
6 mo gross
A
rolls from front to back
16
Q
6 mo fine
A
hold bottle
17
Q
9 mo gross
A
sits unsupported
18
Q
9 mo fine
A
crude pincer grasp
19
Q
12 mo gross
A
sits down from standing, walks with one hand indep
20
Q
12 mo fine
A
attempts 2 block tower, turns pgs in book.
feeds self with spoon
uses cup
21
Q
Language for infant
A
coo@ 3mo
Babble @6 mo
3-5 words by 12 mo
22
Q
infant play
A
solitary
23
Q
age approp activities infant
A
mobiles
rattles
mirrors
balls and blocks
pat a cake
24
Q
Atraumatic care infant
A
soothing music
therpeutic hugging
speak in calm voice
distraction with color/ noise making toys
25
Infant Ericksons stage
trust vs mistrust
26
What starts at 8 months?
separation anxiety
27
Piagets stage infant
sensorimotor
28
What goes along with separation anxiety at 8 months?
object permanence
29
toddler ages
1-3
30
What is important to note with toddlers nutrition?
Physiological anoreixa
Picky eater
Food Jags
Ritualism with eating
Bottle and no-spill cups wean by 15 months to prevent carriers
31
Why do toddlers have Physiologic anorexia?
due to slowing growth rate
32
Ritualism with eating?
insists on same dish, cup, spoon
33
Car seat safety toddler
rear facing with harness straps and clip until age 2.
After age 2: forward facing but in rear seat of car.
If rear seat unavailable, AIRBAG DISABLED
34
Language development Toddler
Telegraphic speech ((more juice)
Echolalila: repeats what others say
50-300 words by age 2
35
toddler play
parallel play (egocentric, do not like to share)
36
Age approp activities for toddler
filling and emptying containers, balls and blocks, books, finger paints, thick crayons
37
Atraumatic care toddler
facilitates independence
offer choices
encourage caregivers in routine care
engage in parallel play
38
Preschooler ages
3-6
39
Erickson's preschooler
Initiative vs guilt
40
initiative
when placed in an environment where child can explore, make decisions, and initiate activities.
41
Guilt
when put in an environment where initiation is repressed through criticism and control
42
Piaget Preschool
Preconceptual---intuitive (4-7)
43
Examples of PIAGET in preschool
magical thinking: believe thoughts are powerful
Imaginary friends
Animism: give life like qualities to inanimate objects
TIME: begin to understand sequence of time, daily events best explained in relation to a common event
44
Preschool social development
Fears are common of dark, hospitalization, procedures
Regression: during stress, illness or insecurity
45
Preschool play
associative
46
Age approp activities preschool
play pretend
puzzles
active play
reading books
arts and crafts
messy play
47
Atraumatic care pre school
puppets, or storyteling
speak honestly
use simple concrete terms
ask specific questions
allow choices
participate in imaginative play
48
Language develop preschool
2000 word vocab, 5 word sentence
difficulty with some consonats due to rushing
elaborate stories
49
School age
6-12
50
School age normal assessment findings
-abdominal breathing replaced with diaphragmatic breathing
-frontal sinuses by age 7
development of secondary sex characteristics
-brain growth complete by 10
-primary teeth replaced with 28-32 permanet teeth
51
Physical growth school aged
weight: 4.5-6.5lbs/year
height: grow 2 inches/year
52
Nutrition school aged
age 4-8: 1400-1600 cals, calcium: 1000mg
age 9-13: 1600-2000 cals, calcium 1300mg
OBESEITY PREVENTION
53
Social development school aged
self concept shaped by peers
Body image: very interested in how others view their body
Feeling accepted and not different is importnat
54
School age play
cooperative
55
Adolescent age
11-20
56
Adolescent nutrition
2000 cal a day
calcium 1300mg
obeseity prevention
anorexia/ bulimia common
57
iron teaching for adolescent
males: 11mg
Females: 15mg
58
Care for hospitalized adolescent
always respect privacy
ensure confidientaility
remain non judgemental
listen
approp medical terminology
do not force to talk
59
Age approp adolscent
peer interactions
reading
music
part time job/ driving
60
Hypoxemia assessment findings
Tachypnea first sing
pallor
cyanosis
61
Signs of respiratory distress
retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, head bobbing, restlessness, stridor, wheezing, rales, weak pp
62
Hypoxemia management
63
Hypoxemia POC
o2 therapy
pulse ox
CPT
suctioning
64
asthma nursing assessment
silent chest is omnious sign
hacking, non productive cough
chest tight
wheeze/ crackles
dyspnea
65
Asthma management
avoid triggers and reduce/control inflammation episodes
Acute: restore effective breathing pattern and gas exchange
66
asthma diagnostics
PFT: not useful during acute exacerbation
PFR: daily to monitor management and for signs of acute sx.
67
asthma labs
68
chronic asthma meds
Formoterol, fluticosone, cromolyn, montelukast
69
Acute excacerbation
Albuterol, Ipatropium, prednisone
70
CF medication management
CPT and aerosol therapy (dornase alfa)
Pancreatic enzymes, high protein and calorie diet. Fluids, fat soluble vitamins
71
What does dornase alfa do?
decrease viscocity of mucus and bronchodilates
72
dx of CF
SCT: >40 in infants <3mo
>60 for everyone else
>90 sodium
73
s/s cf pulmonary
thick, tenacious sputum, air trapping, cor pulmonale, clubbing, barrel chest
74
s/s CF GI
loss of pancreatic enzyme function
abd distention, difficulty passing stools, steratorrhea, ftt, vitamin adek deficiney.
75
croup physical cues
barking cough, inspiratory stridor, tachypnea, sudden onset at night, 3-5 days
76
croup priorities
home care for mild cases
-corticosteroids will decrease inflammation
RACEMIC epi: decrease bronchial edema
77
HF nursing priorities
promoting oxygentation and ventilation
daily weight
i/o
upright
O2
cpt
suction
78
HF medication
digoxin, lasix, ace, BB
79
Digoxin management
count apical pulse for 1 full minute
hold <90 infant
hold <70 in child
hold <60 in adolescent
80
digoxin level
0.8-2
81
signs of digoxin toxicity
n/v anorexia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias
82
antidote for digoxin
digoxin immune fab
83
diuretics (lasix) management
bp i/o, weight, electrolytes (K)
84
se of lasix
hypokalemia, n/v, dizziness, ototoxicity
85
ACE (captopril/enalpril) management
bp before and after
86
BB: metoprolol management
monitor bp and hr before and after admin
87
se of bb
dizziness, hypotension, HA
88
89
COA assessment findings
increase bp in upper extremities, and decreased in lower
full bounding pulses in upper
absent/weak in lower
nose bleeds
90
COA dx
rib notching on xray
91
Tetrology of Fallot
1. VSD
2. Pulmonary stenosis
3. RVH
4 Overriding aorta
r-->L shunting
92
ss of TOF
loud harsh systolic murmur
polycythemia
tet spells (blue baby)
93
TOF nursing management
knee to chest maneuvuer and calm comfort approach
O2
morphine
These will improve tet sx
prostaglandins
94
what does the heart look like on x-ray of TOF?
boot-shaped
95
Kawasaki disease assessment findings
strawberry tongue
bright red chapped lips
bilateral joint pain
enlarged lymph nodes
bilateral conjungtivitis
w/o exudate
desquamation of fingers
96
Kawasaki disease tx
ASA, and immunoglobins
97
main tx goal of Kawasaki
reduce inflammation in walls of coronary arteries and prevent thrombosis
98
sinus tach characteristics
fever, pain, fluid loss, hypoxia,
p-wave present and normal
99
sinus tach manag
fixing the cause
100
sinus brady characterisitics
associated with vagal stimulation, altered profusion
arrest and omnious sign
101
sinus brady manage
fix underlying issue
102
SVT characteristics
hr infant >220
hr child >180
abnormal p waves
103
compensated SVT
alert, well perfused
tx: vagal maneuevuers first. Ice to face, adenosine
104
uncompensated svt
sign of shock
tx: adenosine, or synchronized cardioversion
105
Dehydration oral rehydration
mild or moderate
pedialyte
mild: 50ml within 4hours
mode:100ml in 4
diarrhea loss 10ml each stool
106
Dehydration IV rehydration
severe
20ml/kg Ns of bolus in addition to maintaince fluids
100ml/kg-1st 10
50ml/kg-2nd kg
20ml/kg last kg
24 hours
107
Pyloric Stenosis nursing assessment
Forceful projectile vomitting
hunger soon after vomitting
olive shaped mass in the RUQ (moveable)
weight loss
108
Pyloric stenosis labs
Hypochloremia
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis
109
Pyloric stenosis treatment
Laproscopic surgery, ivf, ngt
110
Hirschsprungs expected findings
Newborn: failure to pass meconium, billious emesis, abd distention
infant/child: FTT, chronic constipation
111
Hirschsprungs treatment
4 phase surgery with colostomy
112
Entercolitis symptoms
fever, bloody stools, distention
113
Acute Glomerulonephritis physical findings
decreased UOP
mild edema
TEA colored urine
114
Acute Glomerulonephritis lab findings
UA: hematuria, proteinuria
CMP: increased BUN/Cr
Increased ESR
+ASO Titer
115
Acute Glomerulonephritis nursing management
maintaining fluid volume and managing HTN
116
Acute Glomerulonephritis treatment
antihypertensives, diuretics, monitor daily weights, and urinary output
117
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome assessment findings
118
Hemolytic uremic syndrome nursing management
Maintaining fluid balance, managing HTN, acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities
contact precautions, PRBC/Plt for active bleeding and IVIG
119
Hypospadias physical findings
Abnormal urethral opening on ventral surface
-below glans penis?
120
Hypospadias treatment
Surgically repaired, post op: secure urethral stent/drainage tubing , compression dressing, DOUBLE diapering
121
GHD clinical manifestations
122
GHD treatment
123
Congenital hypothyroidism manifestations
124
DKA symptoms
125
DKA management
126
Hydrocephalus physical cues
127
Hydrocephalus management
