Final Breeds and Physical Exam Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
what is Canada’s registry of pedigreed cats called
A
CCA - Canadian Cat Association
2
Q
when did the CCA start
A
1960
3
Q
how many breeds does the CKC have
A
175
4
Q
group 1
A
sporting
5
Q
group 2
A
hounds
6
Q
group 3
A
working
7
Q
group 4
A
terriers
8
Q
group 5
A
toys
9
Q
group 6
A
non-sporting
10
Q
group 7
A
herding
11
Q
Sporting group dogs (3)
A
- retrievers
- spaniels
- setters
12
Q
hound group dogs (3)
A
- hounds
- saluki
- beagle
13
Q
working group dogs
A
- mountain dogs
- akita
- samoyed
14
Q
terrier group dogs
A
- west highland white terrier
- irish terrier
- bull terrier
15
Q
toy group dogs
A
- pug
- maltese
- havanese
16
Q
non-sport dog group
A
- French bulldog
- shih tzu
- Dalmatian
17
Q
herding dog group
A
- German
- welsh corgi
- shetland sheepdog
18
Q
TPR means
A
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
19
Q
TPR is considered
A
vital signs
20
Q
what are vital signs
A
evaluate the current state of the animals health
21
Q
when should TPR be taken
A
- every time an animal presents in hospital
- pre and post op - before atheistic
22
Q
how is temperature measured
A
rectally using a rectal probe thermometer
23
Q
rectal temps are the most _____
A
accurate
24
Q
how can you minimize disease transmission
when taking temp
A
Use a protective cover
25
______ is important for ease of insertion
lube
26
2 thing to remember about temp
- Go slowly
| - Be prepared for a response from patient
27
what is Hyperthermic
higher than normal temperature
28
reason for Hyperthermic (4)
- Fever
- pain
- over handling
- stress
29
what is Normothermic
normal temperature
30
what is Hypothermic
lower than normal tempurature
31
reasons for Hypothermia (3)
- can be the health status of the animal
- poor blood profusion
- post surgery
32
canine temp
37.5°C - 39°C
33
feline temp
38°C - 39°C
34
what does the pulse rate reflect
the ability of the heart to pump blood through the body
35
where do you Auscultate
directly over the sternum
36
how to Auscultate
Move chest piece gradually up to the left side and back over to the right side
37
why do you Auscultate both sides
LISTEN TO BOTH SIDES for IRREGULARITIES
38
what postion should patients be in for auscultation
sternal
39
how to count for Auscultation
Count number of beats for 15 seconds and multiple by 4
40
Problems with Auscultation:
| very fast or slow HR
puppies or kittens
41
Problems with Auscultation:
| purring
turn on tap to stop purring
42
Problems with Auscultation:
| panting
close their mouth
43
Problems with Auscultation: technique
stethoscope placement
44
Problems with Auscultation: defects
abnormal heart rhythm
45
which types of animals may it be hard to do an auscultation on
- Deep chested animals
| - Obese animals
46
where to find pule
Pulses are generally palpated by way of femoral artery
47
what should you also do while palpating
Always ausculate the heart while palpating
48
poor blood profusion =
low heart rate
49
poor blood pressure = (2)
- anemia
| - low blood volume
50
what is considered an emergency: (4)
trauma, internal bleeding, heart attack, stroke
51
what does the Absence of femoral pulse indicate
- poor blood profusion
- low blood pressure
- some state of emergency
- poor technique
52
Hypotension
low blood pressure
53
Hypertension
high blood pressure
54
Tachycardic
higher than normal heart-rate
55
Bradycardic
lower than normal heart-rate
56
causes for Bradycardic
anthestic
57
causes for Tachycardic (3)
- stress
- pain
- disease
58
you should _______ the heart rhythm
evaluate
59
rhythm should be _______
regular
60
what should you check the rhythm for
- pulse deficits
- arrhythmias
- murmurs
61
Arrhythmia
irregular heart beat
62
sinus arrhythmia
Slight increase upon inhalation and decrease upon exhalation of the rhythm of the heart
63
sinus arrhythmia is ______ in canines
normal
64
what are Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)
When there is an extra heart beat.
65
when does PCV occur
Can occur before a heart attack
66
what is a Gallop rhythm
3-4 heart sound that sound like a gallop
67
when does Gallop rhythm occur
Can occur before heart failure
68
what is Arterial fibrillation
Hearts two upper chambers are beating chaotically and erratically
69
when does Arterial fibrillation occur
Can occur before a stroke.
70
normal feline HR
150-210 bpm
71
canine less than 25kg
90-160 bpm
72
canine more than 25kg
70-100 bpm
73
how to take resp rate
Place the stethoscope over the chest, count the number of resps in 10-15 seconds and multiply by the appropriate amount
74
what should you note before manipulation or stress
| before manipulation or stress
resp rate
75
you should get the rest rate where
on the left and right side
76
how should you count respect rates first
counted visually first, followed by auscultation to evaluate lung sounds
77
Tachypnea
Fast resp rate
78
5 causes of Tachypnea
- stress
- pain
- lack of CO2
- disease
- medication (prescription)
79
Bradypnea
Slow resp rate
80
4 causes of Bradypnea
- atheistic
- close to dying animals
- medications
- disease satus
81
Apnea
No resp rate
82
2 causes of apnea
- meds used before intubation or for deep sedation
| - when an animal dies
83
quality of breath example (3)
- Thoracic vs. abdominal breathing
- Deep vs. shallow
- Crackle/ wheezing/ gurgling
84
feline resp
8-30 breaths/min
85
canine resp
8-20 breaths/min
86
what is the goal of testing mucous membrane
to assess perfusion status
87
pink gums is ____
normal
88
pink gums are healthy meaning
Adequate perfusion to peripheral tissues
89
pale gums indicate
Anemia or poor perfusion
90
causes of pale gums
- Blood loss
| - shock
91
blue/grey gums indicate
- Cyanosis
| - inadequate oxygenation
92
causes of blue/grey gums
Hypoxemia
93
what do brick red gums indicate
Hyperdynamic perfusion dilation
94
causes of brick red gums
- Early shock
- sepsis
- fever
- systemic inflammatory response
- hyperthermia
95
CRT means
Capillary Refill Time
96
normal CRT (felines and canines)
<2s is NORMAL
97
where can you also asses CRT
Under eyes you can check for colour and state
98
checking CRT
Assess on mucus membrane by pressing on the gums for 1 second and noting the amount of time needed for the color to return
99
what is a Skin Turgor used for
Asses hydration status
100
normal skin turgor
<2s is NORMA
101
how to skin turgor
- Grab skin near shoulders or hips
- Create skin tent
- Asses time it takes for the skin to go back into place
102
when should you Assess mention
prior to AND during interaction with the animal
103
flat
out of it, little movement, close to unresponsive
104
Dysphoria
state of confusion, right after surgery
105
Unresponsive
stimulating but is unresponsive – EMERGENCY
106
5 goals of an exam
- To assess “true” values
- Decrease stress
- Minimal to no restraint when possible
- Quick and accurate
- Always report abnormal values
