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Motor Dev. > Final ch.9 > Flashcards

Final ch.9 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

How many photoreceptors does the eye contain?

A

2: rods and cones

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2
Q

What is the point of best vision? And its location?

A

Fovea centrails; macula lutea

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3
Q

Macula lutea

A

Oval yellow spot at the center of the retina

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4
Q

Visual acuity

A

Degree of detail that can be seen in an object…

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5
Q

What influences shape of the eye lens

A

Ciliary muscle

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6
Q

relaxation of the ciliary muscles cause the lens to…

A

Flatten

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7
Q

Contraction of the ciliary muscles cause the lens to…

A

become more spherical

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8
Q

Rods are responsible for what kind of vision

A

low light (night vision)

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9
Q

cones are responsible for what kind of vision

A

color vision and visual acuity

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10
Q

fovea centralis and its location

A

Point of best vision; macula lutea, center of the retina.

  • cone cells are concentrated
  • & absence of rod cells
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11
Q

eye develops as an outgrowth of the… and part of the …body system.

A

forebrain; Central Nervous System (CNS)

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12
Q

hyperopic

A

light focused behind the retinal (blurred)

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13
Q

At birth the eye is…, causing blurrness.

A

hyperopic;

-contains mostly rod cells

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14
Q

At what age do cones appear

A

1 month

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15
Q

At what age does the macula mature

A

8 Months

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16
Q

Static visual acuity

A

when target and performers are stationary

-ex. 20/20 vision, you see at 20ft. what a person w normal vision sees at 20ft.

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17
Q

what can be used to determine visual acuity

A

the Snellen eye chart ( reading letters on a chart)

-can also be used with children who may not recognize letters

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18
Q

static visual acuity @ birth and 1 yr.

A
  • 20/200 &20/400

- 20/50

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19
Q

at what age is static visual acuity 20/20

A

4-5 yrs. old

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20
Q

Dynamic Visual Acuity

A
  • ability to see the detail in moving objects

- ability of the CNS to estimate an objects direction

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21
Q

Ocular Motor System

A

“to catch” and “to hold” an objects image on the eye’s Fovea long enough to see detail.

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22
Q

Dynamic Visual Acuity is highly correlated w

A
  • free throw shooting

- ball catching

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23
Q

How does one improve visual acuity

A
  • aerobic activities, up to 2 hrs post-excercise

- increased acuity due to increase in blood flow and oxygenation

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24
Q

what are the leading causes of loss of visual acuity

Study These Flashcards
A

age related eye deseases (ARED)

25
types of Age Related Eye Diseases (ARED)
- Age related macular degeneration - glaucoma - cataracts: clouding of the lens - senile miosis - Diabetic retinopathy - presbyopia: inability to focus on near objects
26
Age related macular degeneration
ARED -loss of central vision Dry form and Wet Form
27
Glaucoma
ARED - Leading cause of loss in visual acuity and blindness - High pressure in eye - Loss of Peripheral vision
28
Cataracts
ARED | -clouding of the eye lens
29
Senile Miosis
ARED - normal loss of light restriction to the eye with age - decrease in resting diameter of the pupil
30
Diabetic Retinopathy
ARED - complication of diabetes - vessels in the eye may hemorrhage
31
Presbyopia
ARED | -inability to focus clearly on objects as one ages
32
Binocular Vision
Coordinated eye movements
33
Strabismus
misaligned eyes; common at birth but diminishes during the first week.
34
Depth perception
a cerebral function based upon information sent by the eye to the brain
35
the visual cliff
ability to judge distance of an object from the self; infants are capable of depth perception
36
Field of Vision
refers to the entire extent of the environment that can be seen "w/o a change in fixation of the eye."
37
Normal lateral peripheral vision
90 degrees from straight ahead (180 degrees) total
38
Normal vertical peripheral vision
47 degrees above and 65 degrees below visual midline
39
What are causes that may cause a loss of depth perception/ field of vision with age
- Change in facial structure - senile ptosis (drooping of the eyelids) - loss of fat tissue around orbital sockets
40
eye dominance
the ability of one eye to lead the other in tasks involving visual tracking and visual fixation -hole in card test
41
unilateral dominance
- right-eyed and right handed | - left-eyed and left handed
42
crossed-laterals dominance
- right eyed and left handed | - left eyed and right handed
43
smooth pursuit system
matching of eye movement speed and speed of a projectile
44
saccadic eye-movement system
corrects differences between projectile location and eye fixation
45
tracking and object interception @ 40-52 weeks, 5-6 yrs, 8-9 yrs.
- can track a 180 degree arc - can track objects in horizontal plane - can track balls that travel in arc
46
blindness is based on...
distance vision; 20/200...80% loss of vision to total blindness
47
a blind child is not visually motivated to explore because
vision curiosity elicits movement; curiosity encourages lifting head and trunk in sighted children
48
Prehension
"using hands" grasping.
49
proprioceptive system
ability to be aware of location and movements in space "w/o visual references."
50
Mechanoreceptors
- muscle spindles - golgi tendon organs - joint receptors - vestibular apparatus
51
Muscle spindles
Mechanoreceptors - can "guage the amount of tension within the muscle" - senses how the muscle is stretched
52
Golgi Tendon organs
Mechanoreceptors | -moniters tension in the muscle
53
Joint Receptors
Mechanoreceptors - limit detectors - signal the end of the flexion phase, most responsive to stretch
54
Vestibular Apparatus
``` Mechanoreceptors -located in the inner ear -rotational motion "moniters head movement" -Linnear acceleration ```
55
Cutaneous system
``` Tactile sensitivity (skin) -responses to tactile stimulation ```
56
Babinski reflex
Reflex response
57
withdrawal response
move away from unpleasant or painful object
58
apporoach response
response to kisses and hugs

Motor Dev. (6 decks)

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