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Final CMON Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Attachment behavioral system?

A

a psychological system, first described by John Bowlby, that drives humans—especially infants—to seek closeness and protection from caregivers when they feel threatened or distressed.

This system is crucial for the development of secure attachments.

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2
Q

What does the Caregiving behavioral system refer to?

A

A system that drives individuals to care for and nurture others

This system is essential for the formation of strong social bonds.

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3
Q

Attachment style definition

A

how people relate to others emotionally and in relationships. These styles are shaped largely by early caregiving experiences and tend to influence adult relationships

This system is essential for the formation of strong social bonds.

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4
Q

List the types of attachment styles.

A
  • Secure
  • Avoidant
  • Anxious
  • Disorganized

These styles can manifest in both children and adults.

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5
Q

What is the Strange situation procedure?

A

A standardized procedure to assess attachment styles in children: caretaker and stranger in the same room: Mary Ainsworth

Developed by Mary Ainsworth.

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6
Q

Differentiate between secure, avoidant, anxious, and disorganized attachment styles

A
  • Secure: Positive view of self and others: low on both avoidance and anxiety
  • Avoidant: Negative view of self or others: do not trust those who they are attached to will be there for them
  • Anxious: uncertain the person they are attached to will respond to them and help them calm down under stress
  • Disorganized: push pull dynamic - Desires closeness but fears it at the same time; internal conflict

Secure attachments typically lead to healthier relationships.

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7
Q

Define empathic accuracy.

A

The ability to accurately understand another person’s feelings

This skill is important for effective communication.

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8
Q

What is interpersonal sensitivity?

A

The capacity to perceive and respond to the emotions, traits, thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. More general awareness of social/emotional dynamics

It plays a crucial role in social interactions.

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9
Q

What does responsiveness mean in a social context?

A

The ability to react appropriately to the emotional needs of others

High responsiveness fosters stronger relationships.

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10
Q

What is the Still-face experiment?

A

An experiment demonstrating the importance of emotional interaction between caregiver and infant

Conducted by Edward Tronick.

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11
Q

Define emotional regulation.

A

The ability to manage and respond to emotional experiences

Essential for mental health and social functioning.

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12
Q

What is an internal working model?

A

A cognitive framework comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self, and others

Influences attachment styles and relationships.

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13
Q

What is the focus of Evolutionary Theory in psychology?

A

Understanding psychological traits as adaptations for survival and reproduction

Emphasizes natural selection’s role in shaping behavior.

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14
Q

Define prosocial behavior.

A

Voluntary behavior intended to benefit others or society

Examples include helping, sharing, and donating.

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15
Q

What is cooperation in social behavior?

A

Working together towards a common goal

Key for group survival and success.

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16
Q

What does fairness mean in social contexts?

A

The quality of being just and equitable in treatment of individuals

Integral for social harmony.

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17
Q

Define reciprocity in social interactions.

A

Mutual exchange of privileges or benefits between individuals

Encourages cooperation and social bonding.

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18
Q

What is the difference between emotional and cognitive channels of empathy?

A
  • Emotional: Feeling what others feel
  • Cognitive: Understanding what others feel

Both aspects are important for social interactions.

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19
Q

What is emotional contagion?

A

The phenomenon of catching others’ emotions

It highlights the interconnectedness of emotional experiences.

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20
Q

What is reciprocal altruism?

A

Helping others with the expectation of receiving help in return

A key concept in evolutionary psychology.

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21
Q

What role do mirror neurons play in social behavior?

A

They facilitate empathy and understanding by mirroring observed actions

Essential for social learning.

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22
Q

Differentiate between altruism, compassion, and pity.

A
  • Altruism: Selfless concern for others
  • Compassion: Deep awareness of suffering combined with the wish to help
  • Pity: A feeling of sorrow for someone else’s misfortune

These concepts represent varying degrees of empathy.

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23
Q

What is egoistic motivation?

A

Engaging in behavior primarily for personal gain or benefit

Often contrasted with altruistic motivations.

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24
Q

Define pluralistic ignorance.

A

A phenomenon where individuals mistakenly believe their thoughts or feelings are different from those of the group

Can lead to inaction in social situations.

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25
What is diffusion of responsibility?
A social phenomenon where individuals feel less compelled to take action when others are present ## Footnote Often observed in emergency situations.
26
What is bystander intervention?
The act of helping someone in need when others are present ## Footnote Influenced by diffusion of responsibility.
27
What is the Empathy-Altruism Model?
A theory suggesting that empathic concern leads to altruistic behavior ## Footnote Proposes a direct link between empathy and helping.
28
What is the need to belong?
The fundamental human motivation to form and maintain social relationships ## Footnote Critical for emotional well-being.
29
Differentiate between in-group and out-group.
* In-group: A social group with which a person identifies * Out-group: A social group with which a person does not identify ## Footnote This distinction affects social dynamics and biases.
30
What is the mating or sexuality behavioral system?
A system that regulates sexual attraction and mating behaviors ## Footnote Influences partner selection and reproductive strategies.
31
What factors affect friendship formation?
* Proximity * Similarity * Reciprocity ## Footnote These factors are crucial in developing strong friendships.
32
Define social integration.
The process of building relationships and connections within a community ## Footnote Important for personal and societal well-being.
33
What is loneliness?
A feeling of sadness due to lack of social connections ## Footnote Can be emotional or social in nature.
34
Differentiate between perceived and received social support.
* Perceived: Belief that support is available * Received: Actual support provided ## Footnote Both types impact mental health.
35
What are social support networks?
Structures of relationships that provide emotional, informational, or practical assistance ## Footnote Essential for coping with stress.
36
What is proximity in friendship formation?
Physical closeness that facilitates interactions and relationships ## Footnote Plays a significant role in developing friendships.
37
What is reciprocal liking?
The tendency to like someone who likes you back ## Footnote A key factor in friendship and romantic attraction.
38
What is the mere exposure effect?
The psychological phenomenon where people tend to develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them ## Footnote Influences attraction and preference.
39
What does the Harvard Study of Adult Development focus on?
Longitudinal study examining factors contributing to healthy aging and well-being ## Footnote It highlights the importance of relationships.
40
What is pair bonding?
A strong, enduring emotional and physical connection between two individuals ## Footnote Often observed in romantic relationships.
41
What factors influence mate selection and preferences?
* Physical attractiveness * Similarity in values * Social status ## Footnote These factors shape partner choices.
42
What is Dr. John Gottman's Love Lab?
A research facility studying couples' interactions to understand relationship dynamics: what makes them succeed or fail. 4 Horeseman: * Criticism * Contempt * Defensiveness * Stonewalling ## Footnote Provides insights into successful relationships.
43
What are the Five Languages of Love?
* Words of affirmation * Acts of service * Receiving gifts * Quality time * Physical touch ## Footnote These languages describe how individuals express and receive love.
44
Define emotional intimacy.
The closeness and sharing of feelings between partners ## Footnote Fundamental for deep, meaningful relationships.
45
What is the intimacy process model?
A framework for understanding how intimacy develops through SELF DISCLOSURE AND RESPONSIVENESS ## Footnote Highlights the role of communication in relationships.
46
What does disclosure refer to in relationships?
The act of sharing personal information with others ## Footnote Vital for building trust and intimacy.
47
What is vulnerability in the context of relationships?
The willingness to expose oneself emotionally to another person ## Footnote Essential for deepening intimacy.
48
What is Kinsey's sexual research known for?
Pioneering studies on human sexual behavior and orientation ## Footnote Provided foundational insights into human sexuality.
49
How do cultural influences affect sex?
Cultural norms and values shape attitudes, behaviors, and expectations surrounding sex ## Footnote These influences vary widely across societies.
50
What is sexual satisfaction?
The degree to which an individual feels fulfilled and happy with their sexual experiences ## Footnote Important for overall relationship satisfaction.
51
Define sexual intimacy.
The emotional and physical closeness experienced during sexual activity ## Footnote Crucial for romantic relationships.
52
What is hookup culture?
A social context that promotes casual sexual encounters without the expectation of a committed relationship ## Footnote Influences modern dating behaviors.
53
What role does alcohol play in hookups?
Alcohol can lower inhibitions and increase the likelihood of engaging in casual sexual encounters ## Footnote Often intersects with the dynamics of hookup culture.
54
What are sexual scripts?
Culturally defined guidelines for sexual behavior and expectations ## Footnote Shape how individuals approach sexual situations.
55
What are sexual norms?
Societal rules and expectations governing sexual behavior ## Footnote These norms can vary significantly across cultures.
56
Define sexual agency.
The ability to make autonomous decisions regarding one's sexual behavior and identity ## Footnote Empowerment in sexual matters is crucial for healthy relationships.
57
What is civil society?
the space between the government and the individual where people organize, advocate, and engage voluntarily to pursue shared interests, values, or goals—often through non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community groups, clubs, charities, unions, religious organizations, and advocacy groups. ## Footnote Plays a vital role in promoting democratic engagement.
58
Differentiate between public or government sector and private or market sector.
* Public: Government-operated services * Private: Business-operated services ## Footnote Each sector serves different societal functions.
59
What are non-profit organizations?
Organizations that operate for a purpose other than profit, often focusing on social causes ## Footnote Play a crucial role in community support.
60
Define public goods.
Goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, available for everyone to use ## Footnote Examples include clean air and public parks.
61
What is the Commons?
Resources that are shared by a community and are managed collectively ## Footnote Important for sustainability and communal living.
62
Differentiate between equality, equity, and liberation.
* Equality: Equal treatment for all * Equity: Fair treatment based on individual needs * Liberation: Freedom from oppression ## Footnote These concepts are crucial for social justice.
63
What does civic engagement entail?
Participation in activities that promote the betterment of the community and society ## Footnote Encourages active citizenship.
64
What is the difference between democracy and republic?
* Democracy: Direct participation of citizens in decision-making * Republic: Elected representatives make decisions on behalf of citizens ## Footnote Both are forms of governance.
65
Define collective action.
Action taken together by a group to achieve a common goal ## Footnote Essential for social movements.
66
What does empowerment refer to in a social context?
The process of gaining power and control over one's life and community ## Footnote Critical for fostering social change.
67
What is community organizing?
The process of building a community to address issues and advocate for change ## Footnote Focuses on collective action and empowerment.
68
What is peaceful protesting?
Demonstrating against policies or actions in a non-violent manner ## Footnote A fundamental right in democratic societies.
69
What is the difference between solidarity and charity?
* Solidarity: Mutual support and shared goals * Charity: Providing aid to those in need ## Footnote Solidarity emphasizes empowerment, while charity focuses on assistance.
70
What is the Wisconsin Idea?
A philosophy promoting the use of university research to address social issues and improve community life ## Footnote Emphasizes the connection between education and public service.
71
What is the built environment?
The human-made surroundings where people live, work, and play ## Footnote Includes buildings, parks, and urban spaces.
72
What is interior architecture or design?
The art and science of enhancing the interiors of a space to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment ## Footnote Focuses on functionality and aesthetics.
73
List the six steps in the design process.
* Define the problem * Collect the Information * Brainstorm * Develop * Feedback * Improve ## Footnote These steps guide effective design solutions.
74
What is biophilic design?
Design that incorporates natural elements to enhance well-being ## Footnote Aims to connect people with nature.
75
List the seven principles of design.
* Space * Texture * Light * Color * Pattern * Line * Form ## Footnote These principles guide effective design.
76
What is fun theory?
The idea that making activities enjoyable can encourage positive behavior change ## Footnote Applied in various contexts, including urban design.
77
Define placemaking.
The process of creating quality places that people want to live, work, and play in ## Footnote Involves community engagement and design.
78
What does legibility refer to in design?
The clarity and ease of understanding of a space or design ## Footnote Important for navigation and user experience.
79
What are behavioral nudges?
Subtle design changes that encourage people to make certain choices ## Footnote Often used in public policy and marketing.
80
What is evidence-based design?
Design decisions based on credible research to improve outcomes ## Footnote Aims to create more effective spaces.
81
What does wayfinding refer to?
The users navigational process when navigating a space ## Footnote Involves signs, maps, and spatial cues.
82
What does S-ART focus on?
Self-transcendence and experiences that connect individuals beyond the self ## Footnote Aims to enhance personal and collective well-being.
83
Define awe in a psychological context.
A complex emotion characterized by a sense of wonder and amazement ## Footnote Often associated with experiences that inspire humility.
84
What is transcendence?
The experience of going beyond ordinary limits or boundaries ## Footnote Can lead to profound personal growth.
85
What is the cosmic perspective?
An understanding of one's place in the universe and the interconnectedness of all things ## Footnote Often leads to feelings of awe and humility.
86
Define the overview effect.
A cognitive shift in awareness reported by astronauts when viewing Earth from space ## Footnote Highlights the fragility and unity of life on Earth.
87
List the four qualities of mystical experiences. (PINT)
* Passivity * Ineffability * Noetic Quality * Transiency ## Footnote These qualities characterize profound spiritual experiences.
88
What are psychedelics or hallucinogens?
Substances that alter perception, mood, and cognitive processes ## Footnote Often studied for their therapeutic potential.
89
What is biophilia?
The innate human affinity for nature and natural processes ## Footnote Influences design and well-being.
90
ineffability
the experience cannot be fully described into words
91
noetic quality
the experience feels like a deep knowledge, or insight
92
transiency
effects are short lived, but the experience remains with you forever
93
passivity
experience is happening to them, not generated by them.

Inter-He 201 (2 decks)

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