Final: Cobalt (Co) & B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Co an integral component of?
Vitamin B12
If bacteria within ruminants and hindgut fermenters are given Co in the diet, what can they make?
Cobalamin
What can happen to ruminants if dietary Co is inadequate?
Vit B12 deficiency
What two major enzymes is Co a cofactor for?
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
Tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase
Is dietary Co required by monogastrics?
No, only Vit B12
is Co deficiency in ruminants due to deficiency of vit B12 or lack of Co for rumen bacterial growth?
Co deficiency leads to vit B12 deficiency (bc of lack of Co in diet)
If dietary Co is inadequate, rumen production of B12 declines –> deficiency of B12
What are some early signs of Co deficiency in ruminants?
Failure to grow
Unthriftiness (“ADR”)
Wgt loss
What are severe signs of Co deficiency in ruminants?
Fatty degeneration of the liver
Anemia
Pale MM
Reduced resistance to infection (impaired neutrophil function)
How do hindgut fermenters compensate for lack of Co?
Horse = Vit B12 made in colon (do fine on pasture that is Co deficient) Rabbits = coprophagy
Do monogastrics develop Co deficiency?
No, only a vit B12 deficiency
What are signs of B12 deficiency in general monogastrics?
Poor growth and productivity
Anemia
Reduced fertility
What must be fed to monogastric herbivores to avoid B12 deficiency?
Supplemental cyanocobalamin
Where is B12 stored in prey species?
liver
What occurs with Co toxicity?
Reduced feed intake
Wgt loss
Hyperchromemia
Anemia
What occurs in Co-deficient pigs?
Hyper-irritability and voice changes
What does methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency cause?
energy insufficiency
What does deficiency of tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase cause?
Anemia secondary to folate deficiency (bc no folic acid)
What is Phalaris staggers of ruminants and what does Co do?
Neurological syndrome;
Prevented by supplemental Co bc it interferes with absorption of the neurotoxin
What are dietary sources of B12?
Animal byproducts
What is an intrinsic factor?
Protein produced in the stomach that binds B12 in the upper GI tract.
What is most affected in ruminants with with B12/Co deficiency?
Gluconeogenic pathways
