Final Complete Revision

Question 1

What is bedrest an accelerated model of

Answer 1

Aging

Question 2

What is bedrest most commonly used for

Answer 2

Injury and recovery

Question 3

What does bedrest decrease

Answer 3

1) Blood flow to the brain
2) Brain glucose

Question 4

What do bedrest studies help us understand

Answer 4

What happens in the body as we age

Question 5

After 5-10 days how much muscle strength is loss

Answer 5

10%

Question 6

How long does it take to regain the muscle mass loss after 14 days of bedrest

Answer 6

One year

Question 7

After how many days of bedrest does your body adapt

Answer 7

40 days

Question 8

How many year’s of cardiovascular changes happen in astronauts after 6 months in space

Answer 8

20 years

Question 9

What blood volume is loss by astronauts in the first 24-48H

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

What are astronauts at a higher risk of getting

Answer 10

Diabetes because they don’t need to contract muscles as they don’t have gravity which increase the sugar in the blood.

Question 11

What new tool has been innovated to help astronauts contract their muscles

Answer 11

ARED

Question 11

What situation is a simulation of space

Answer 11

6 degree head tilt bedrest

Question 12

Name all the negative aspects of astronauts

Answer 12

1) Increase Aging
2) Decrease Blood volume
3) Loose lean mass
4) Fat mass gain

Question 13

How long was the 6 degree headown tilt study overall

Answer 13

26 days

Question 14

How long was the test actually performed and after how many days of adaptation did it start

Answer 14

The test began for a 14 days duration after a 5 days adaptation period.

Question 15

In the 6 degree study, both groups (exercise and control) equally lost what

Answer 15

Muscle strength

Question 16

VO2max was enhanced in what group in comparison to the other group whom significantly decreased

Answer 16

Exercise

Question 17

The number of mitochondrias was loss in what group

Answer 17

Control

Question 18

The 6 degree headown tilt is a reproduction of what

Answer 18

Weightlessness on earth

Question 19

What is glycogen

Answer 19

Stored glucose

Question 20

Where is glycogen found in

Answer 20

Liver and Muscle

Question 21

What is the primary energy source

Answer 21

Muscle glucose

Question 22

What is needed to allow glucose to enter or exit the cells of the liver and muscle?

Answer 22

Glut2 and Glut-4

Question 23

What are the ONLY two ways to activate Glut2 and 4

Answer 23

1) Insulin
2) Muscle Contraction

Question 24

What is glucose utilization

Answer 24

Process of how we use glucose as energy

Question 25

What two enzymes are needed to complete the reaction related to glucose utilization

Answer 25

1) Glucose 6-phosphate 2) Hexokinase

Question 26

Which of the two enzymes involved in glucose utilisation is the only one needed if glucose is already in the cell

Answer 26

Glucose -phosphate

Question 27

What is glycolysis

Answer 27

Breakdown of glucose to get Energy

Question 28

When is glycolysis most active

Answer 28

During exercise

Question 29

What is glycogenesis

Answer 29

Glycogen production

Question 30

Which exercise type (High or low intensity) increase blood glucose

Answer 30

High Intensity

Question 31

During high-intensity workouts what do you have a spike of

Answer 31

Adrenaline

Question 32

What does adrenaline do

Answer 32

Blocks insulin levels which will then lead to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Question 33

What interesting finding was found about insulin level peaks, when does it happen?

Answer 33

Only AFTER exercise

Question 34

What glucose test measures the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin

Answer 34

HbA1c

Question 35

What test is a testing for insulin resistance

Answer 35

OGTT

Question 36

What is the best insulin test you can use

Answer 36

Euglycemic clamp

Question 37

What test gives an average of your glucose levels in the last 3 months

Answer 37

HbA1c

Question 38

What type of diabetes is associated with excessive sugar in blood because your body cannot use glucose as fuel properly

Answer 38

Type 2

Question 39

What type of diabetes is developped over time

Answer 39

Type 2

Question 40

Name the risks factors of Type 2 diabetes

Answer 40

1) Overweight 2) Innactivity 3) Family history

Question 41

What is a clear symptom of type 2 diabetes

Answer 41

Excessive thurst and frequent urination

Question 42

Name two complications of type 2 diabetes

Answer 42

1) Damage to blood vessels 2) Amputation

Question 43

Why do they sometimes have to amputate

Answer 43

Damage to blood vessels means that the nutrients cannot reach the blood tissues properly, tissues dies

Question 44

What is the primary medication used to treat diabetes

Answer 44

Metformin

Question 45

What does metformin do

Answer 45

Lowers blood sugar levels

Question 46

What is a better solution than metformin, that can reduce type 2 diabetes to 0

Answer 46

Lifestyle changes

Question 47

A person with type 2 diabetes should eat foods with a

Answer 47

Low glycemic index

Question 48

What type of diabetes is an autoimmune disorder

Answer 48

Type 1

Question 49

What cells does type 1 diabetes destroy

Answer 49

Beta cells

Question 50

What is type 1 diabetes characterized by

Answer 50

No insulin production

Question 51

What organ produces insulin

Answer 51

Pancreas

Question 52

When is type 1 diabetes diagnosed

Answer 52

Adolescence

Question 53

What can very very rarely trigger type 1 diabetes

Answer 53

A huge stress event or trauma

Question 54

What are GLP-1

Answer 54

Medication to help with diabetes and weightloss

Question 55

Name 2 consequences of GLP-1's

Answer 55

1) Loose muscle mass 2) Loose Bone Density

Question 56

What is one way to conserve your muscle mass when taking GLP-1

Answer 56

Resistance exercise

Question 57

What is a very common form of GLP-1

Answer 57

Semaglutides

Question 58

What supplement help regain muscle mass after a big loss caused by GLP-1

Answer 58

HMB

Question 59

What does the 10-s Maximal Sprint increases

Answer 59

Glucose levels

Question 60

What do sprints avoid

Answer 60

Hypoglycemia

Question 61

Why do following the 10s sprint does your glucose remain high

Answer 61

You don't produce insulin to decrease them

Question 62

As a type 1 diabetes what should you always keep with you during exercise

Answer 62

Carbs

Question 63

What is a sample size considered too small

Answer 63

Below 30 participants

Question 64

Name two reasons a small sample size is not ideal:

Answer 64

1) cannot generalize 2) Can be influenced by outliers 3) Too much variability

Question 65

A very good adherence % is above?

Answer 65

80%

Question 66

What is the role of kidneys?

Answer 66

1) Filter blood 2) Remove wastes 3) Stimulates blood pressure

Question 67

What is the role of kidney's in glucose regulation

Answer 67

They regulate blood glucose levels, they do the opposite of the liver