Final Part 2: Glucose

Question 1

What is glycogen synthase used for

Answer 1

Glycogen storage

Question 2

When is glycogen phosphorylase active

Answer 2

During exercise

Question 3

What is glycogen phosphorylase used for

Answer 3

Energy release

Question 4

What is produced during high-intensity exercise

Answer 4

Lactate

Question 5

What is the misconception about lactate

Answer 5

It causes cramps but that is false

Question 6

What type of exercise reduce blood glucose

Answer 6

Low-Intensity

Question 7

What type of exercise incease blood glucose

Answer 7

High-intensity

Question 8

Why does high-intensity training results in increased glucose

Answer 8

Because of adrenaline

Question 9

What type of diabetes is developped over time?

Answer 9

Type 2

Question 10

What are 2 risk factors of type 2 diabetes

Answer 10

Obesity and Inactivity

Question 11

What is type 2 diabetes characterized by

Answer 11

Insulin resistance and high blood sugars

Question 12

What does type 2 diabetes damage

Answer 12

Blood vessels

Question 13

What is an indicator of type 2 diabetes

Answer 13

Excessive thirst and frequent urination

Question 14

What are 3 ways to measure blood glucose

Answer 14

1) HbA1c
2) OGTT
3) Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp

Question 15

Which of the tehcniques to measure blood glucose reflect long-term glucose control levls

Answer 15

HbA1c

Question 16

What is the gold standrad for insulin sensitivity testing

Answer 16

Euglycemic clamp

Question 17

What medication is used to treat type 2 diabetes

Answer 17

Metformin

Question 18

What does metformin improve

Answer 18

Insulin sensitivity

Question 19

What medication is GREAT to manage type 2 diabetes but leads to loss of muscle mass

Answer 19

GLP-1 (semaglutide)

Question 20

What do semaglutides help with

Answer 20

1) Weight loss
2) Improve glucose control

Question 21

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 21

Autoimmune disorder that destroy beta cells

Question 22

When is type 1 diabetes most often detected

Answer 22

Adolescence

Question 23

What other factor can VERY RARELY trigger type 1 diabetes

Answer 23

An extreme trauma/stress

Question 24

What is the main issue surrounding type 2 diabetes

Answer 24

One can’t absorb glucose properly

Question 25

What is the main issue surrounding type 1 diabetes

Answer 25

One can't produce insulin

Question 26

What is required for glycogen to get to the liver and muscle

Answer 26

Body tranferers

Question 27

What are the ONLY two ways to get Glut4 or Glut2 to the surface of the liver

Answer 27

1) Insulin 2) Muscle contraction

Question 28

What does stravation do

Answer 28

Loose muscle mass and you use your muscles as a source of energy

Question 29

When you starve do you have a higher MPS or MPB

Answer 29

MPB

Question 30

What is glucose utilization

Answer 30

Break down glucose and use it as a source of energy

Question 31

What is always needed to complete the reactions associated with glucose to allow one to use glucose as a source of energy

Answer 31

2 enzymes - 6 phosphate - Hexokinase

Question 32

What is an indicator of an enzyme

Answer 32

It ends with ''ase''

Question 33

What are enzymes refered to

Answer 33

Scissors

Question 34

If the glucose is already in the cell do you need both enzymes to use glucose

Answer 34

No, only 6 phosphate

Question 35

Do you need to be done eating food completely to secrete insulin

Answer 35

No, there are sensors in your tongue they indicate that food is coming hence the body needs to start secreting insulin.

Question 36

How fast after exercise do lactate levels go back to normal

Answer 36

30 minutes

Question 37

What are cramps created by

Answer 37

Neuromuscular system

Question 38

What molecules are cramps associated with (not lactate)

Answer 38

How calcium is used in the body

Question 39

True or false, there is a direct link between higher blood lactate and soreness

Answer 39

False, there is a correlation between higher blood lactate and soreness but not a direct link

Question 40

When does plasma glucose increase

Answer 40

With activity intensity increase

Question 41

During studies of plasma glucose, why did they only draw blood at the end of the exercise training

Answer 41

Hard to draw blood as participants are running very fast

Question 42

What was an interesting finding of the study on plasma glucose and insulin

Answer 42

During exercise, there is no increase in insulin levels. The peak is only present right after the exercise

Question 43

What does a spike in adrenaline do

Answer 43

Blocks the production of insulin

Question 44

When do you have the highest glucose levels

Answer 44

During sprinting

Question 45

What measures the amount of glucose attached to your red blood cells

Answer 45

HbA1c

Question 46

How long does HbA1c measure glucose

Answer 46

Last 3 months

Question 47

What is an advantage of HbA1c

Answer 47

Gives a great average of glucose levels as glucose levels changes really fast in our day to day life.

Question 48

What can reduce type 2 diabetes to zero

Answer 48

LIFESTYLE CHANGES

Question 49

What are two risk factors of getting type 2 diabetes

Answer 49

Insulin disorder or resistance

Question 50

What is one way to control your type 2 diabetes

Answer 50

Don't eat as much foods that will spike your glucose levels, also known as foods with low glycemic index

Question 51

Is a low insulin sensitivity good or bad

Answer 51

Bad

Question 52

What will a low insulin sensitivity lead to

Answer 52

High insulin resistance

Question 53

What is a serious complication from type 2 diabetes

Answer 53

Amputation because the blood vessels are affected and no nutrients are able to reach the tissues.

Question 54

What is the delay from measuring blood glucose from the skin

Answer 54

15 minutes

Question 55

What is the best insulin test you can use

Answer 55

Skin measurements

Question 56

What does Metformin medication do

Answer 56

Lowers blood sugar

Question 57

In type 2 diabetes what was found in a study that had to do with lifestyle changes and metformin

Answer 57

Lifestyle changes itself had more improvement than metformin did. It decreased diabetes by half.

Question 58

What does decrease weight also decrease

Answer 58

1) Insulin sensitivity 2) Bone density

Question 59

How can you conserve your BD during rapid weight loss

Answer 59

Do resistance training (protects over half)

Question 60

What is HMB

Answer 60

Important supplement in maintaining BD and muscle mass

Question 61

In olrder adults, which exercise (aerobic or resistance) is the key to longevity and better functionality

Answer 61

Resistance

Question 62

What exercise is great for patients with type 1 diabetes and why

Answer 62

10-s maximal sprint as sprints increases glucose levels and can avoid hypoglycemia

Question 63

What should a person with type 1 diabetes always carry

Answer 63

Carbs