Final Exam

Question 1

Homologous chromosomes line up on equator of the cell

Answer 1

Metaphase l

Question 2

Chromosomes are at the poles, two new nuclei are formed around chromosomes. After this phase two cells are formed.

Answer 2

Telophase I

Question 3

Homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing-over occurs.

Answer 3

Prophase I

Question 4

Sister chromatids separate

Answer 4

Anaphase II

Question 5

Homologous chromosomes separate

Answer 5

Anaphase I

Question 6

Sister chromatids are at the poles, 4 new nuclei form around them. After this phase 4 haploid daughter cells are formed.

Answer 6

Telophase II

Question 7

Chromosomes line up on equator of the cell

Answer 7

Metaphase II

Question 8

Chromosomes become visible, spindle fibers form, nucleus disappears.

Answer 8

Prophase II

Question 9

The process of combining a sperm and an egg cell

Answer 9

Fertilization

Question 10

Type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells that each have HALF the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Answer 10

Meiosis

Question 11

Chromosomes that contain the same genes. You get one from each parent

Answer 11

Homologous Chromosomes

Question 12

A cell containing two full sets of chromosomes (one from father and one from mother).

Answer 12

Diploid

Question 13

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (half the DNA).

Answer 13

Haploid

Question 14

When homologous chromosomes exchange pieces during prophase I.

Answer 14

Crossing over

Question 15

The second cell division of meiosis. This is when the sister chromatids are split up into two separate cells.

Answer 15

Meiosis ll

Question 16

The first cell division of meiosis. The homologous chromosome pairs (tetrads) are separated.

Answer 16

Meiosis l

Question 17

Initial cell created from the combination of a sperm and an egg.

Answer 17

Zygote

Question 18

What is the end product of meiosis?

Answer 18

4 haploid gametes

Question 19

How many cells are produced from meiosis?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What are the 8 phases of meiosis in order?

Answer 20

PMAT1 PMAT2

Question 21

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 21

Prophase I

Question 22

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Answer 22

23

Question 23

How many chromosomes are in a human zygote?

Answer 23

46

Question 24

How many chromosomes are in humans?

Answer 24

46

Question 25

Gene:

Answer 25

Sequence of DNA that codes for a trait

Question 26

Allele

Answer 26

A variation of a gene

Question 27

Genotype:

Answer 27

AA, Aa, or aa

Question 28

Phenotype:

Answer 28

brown eyes

Question 29

Homozygous:

Answer 29

bb

Question 30

Heterozygous:

Answer 30

Bb

Question 31

Dominant

Answer 31

The allele represented by "T" in the genotype Tt

Question 32

Recessive

Answer 32

The allele that is masked by the dominant allele

Question 33

Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Answer 33

25%`

Question 34

Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous dominant?

Answer 34

25%

Question 35

Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous?

Answer 35

50%

Question 36

The law of segregation:

Answer 36

two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Question 37

The law of independent assortment:

Answer 37

random distribution of alleles during meiosis

Question 38

____________ predict the possible offspring of a cross between two known genotypes.

Answer 38

Punnett squares

Question 39

__________ alleles are always expressed if they are present.

Answer 39

Dominant

Question 40

Which of the following best represents a heterozygous genotype?

Answer 40

Tt

Question 41

Dr. Walther Fleming observed spermatozoa undergoing cell division in 1882. Observation, followed in 1902 by Sutton's meticulous measurement of chromosomes in grasshopper sperm cell development, provided definitive clues that the number of chromosomes was reduced in spermatozoan cell division, a process known as reductive division. Which of the following was Dr. Fleming most likely studying?

Answer 41

Meiotic cell division

Question 42

Suppose you were conducting an experiment using four different cell lines and after careful observation, you conclude that three out of the four cell lines reproduce resulting in haploid cells while one cell line yields cells with 2n chromosomes. What percentage of the cell lines you are investigating conduct mitosis?

Answer 42

25%

Question 43

The building blocks of DNA are called:

Answer 43

nuleotides

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT found in DNA?

Answer 44

uracil

Question 45

The complimentary bases in DNA are joined by:

Answer 45

hydrogen bonds

Question 46

Suppose you run a DNA analysis and determine that the genome consists of 20% thymine. How much guanine makes up the genome?

Answer 46

30%