Meiosis & Genetic

Question 1

Prophase I

Answer 1

Each chromosome comes near its replicated chromosome pair. The nucleus dissolves at this stage. Crossing Over (exchange of genetic material) occurs at this phase.

Question 2

Metaphase l

Answer 2

The pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. The centromere of each chromatid pair attaches to one spindle fiber.

Question 3

Anaphase l

Answer 3

Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. Note that chromatids do not separate - each duplicated chromosome still has two chromatids.

Question 4

Telophase l

Answer 4

The cytoplasm divides and two new cells form. Each new cell has one duplicated chromosome from each similar pair.

Question 5

Prophase II

Answer 5

The duplicated chromosomes and spindle fibers reappear in each new cell.

Question 6

Metaphase II

Answer 6

The duplicated chromosomes move to the center of the cell. Each centromere attaches to two spindle fibers instead of one.

Question 7

Anaphase II

Answer 7

The centromere divides. The chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Each chromatid is now an individual chromosome.

Question 8

Telophase II

Answer 8

The spindle fibers disappear, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.

Question 9

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis.

Question 10

Crossing Over

Answer 10

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. This increases genetic variation.

Question 11

Interphase

Answer 11

Chromosomes (uncondensed in this phase) replicate in preparation for meiosis. At this point, they are long and thing and called “chromatin”.

Question 12

Replication

Answer 12

Chromosomes duplicate before dividing in meiosis.

Question 13

Non-Disjunction

Answer 13

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate, resulting in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes

Question 14

Haploid

Answer 14

A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes instead of the normal pair. Gametes, which are sex cells like sperm and eggs, are haploid cells.

Question 15

Diploid

Answer 15

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes; one inherited from the mother and one inherited from the father. Most body cells (nerve, brain, muscle, skin, etc.) are considered diploid cell.

Question 16

Sperm

Answer 16

Male gamete (sex cell)

Question 17

Egg

Answer 17

Female gamete (sex cell)

Question 18

Gamete

Answer 18

The result of meiosis is 4 gametes, or sex cells, that each contains half of the genetic information in the parent organism.

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number. It occurs by two divisions of the nucleus and results in the production of 4 sex cells (gametes).

Question 20

Sister Chromatids

Answer 20

Two halves of a duplicated chromosome

Question 21

What happens during Meiosis ll

Answer 21

Separation of sister chromatids - It results in the formation of four haploid (n) gametes.

Question 22

How many cell divisions occur during Meiosis?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

What happens during Meiosis l

Answer 23

Homologous chromosomes separate.

Question 24

What is the overall purpose of meiosis?

Answer 24

To create Gametes

Question 25

What is a likely result of crossing over during meiosis I?

Answer 25

Production of recombinant gametes

Question 26

Diploid(46) to Diploid(46)

Answer 26

Mitosis

Question 27

Diploid(46) to Haploid(23)

Answer 27

Meiosis l

Question 28

Haploid(23) to Gametes(sex cells)

Answer 28

Meiosis ll

Question 29

46 chromosomes

Answer 29

23 homologous pairs

Question 30

Mitosis starts with what type of cell?

Answer 30

Diploid cell

Question 31

Mitosis ends with what type of cell?

Answer 31

Diploid cell

Question 32

How many chromosomes are in a diploid cell?

Answer 32

46

Question 33

Cells that are no undergoing mitosis are in which phase of the cell cycle

Answer 33

Inter-phase

Question 34

Healthy cells undergo mitosis only when they need to divide. in what instances might a cell need to divide?

Answer 34

Cells divide to replace old/damaged cells, to grow, and to make new cells.

Question 35

Cancerous cells divide uncontrollably , constantly undergoing mitosis, what causes a normal cell to loose control of a division?

Answer 35

When the cell makes an error, sometimes it cant recover.

Question 36

The cells you viewed today where plant cells. Do you think plan cells can become cancerous?

Answer 36

Yes! I think that plants can become cancerous.

Question 37

What evidence shows that mitosis is a continuous process not a series of seperate events.

Answer 37

Calls are continuously growing so they are continuously producing.