Final exam 10th grade

Question 1

direct causes of ww1

Answer 1

assassination Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian Princip

Question 2

assasination explained

Answer 2

The assassination of duke Franz Ferdinand, the archduke of Austria. Austria blamed serbia for death and sent serbia an ultimatum. when serbia declined it, austria declared war.

Question 3

indirect causes of ww1

Answer 3

alliances, war plans, colonialism/imperialism, arms race, nationalism.

Question 4

alliances

Answer 4

a union formed for a mutual benefit
- Created a defensive atmosphere and the reassurance that one country would be supported by their alliance if they were to engage in conflict.
- threatened other countries and created hostilities

triple entente: Great britain, france, russia, serbia, usa (1917), and allies (ANZAC)
triple alliance: Germany, austria hungry, italy, ottoman empire

Question 5

war plans

Answer 5

a plan to win a war militarily and politically
- schlieffen plan was made by the germans in case the war was to break out to avoid fighting a two front war.
- this plan lead to world war 1 because by invading beligum, a neutral country, it involved the UK

Question 6

colonialism/imperialism

Answer 6

Colonialism is the establishment of a colony in a foreign land, while imperialism is one country taking over another country or region by force or coercion.
- these ideologies created competition for territory and resources
- made countries want to take over each other

Question 7

arms race

Answer 7

The increased tensions between Great Britain and Germany and led to the growth of militarism across Europe. The belief that a country needs to amass a strong military to defend the nation and achieve its geopolitical goals.

Question 8

nationalism

Answer 8

Nationalism is an ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation. Each country wanted to assert that their country was the best and the most powerful which created competition

Question 9

effects of ww1

Answer 9

Peace Treaties.
Harsh terms for Germany in the Treaty of Versailles.
Countries split up and newly formed. Leading to
- League of Nations
- Land disputes
- Rise authoritarian rulers

Question 10

treaty of versailles

Answer 10

treaty deciding how Germany should be punished after ww1

big 3 present: france, USA, Britain
- ital and japan were present too
- germany, russia weren’t present

france wanted to cripple germany
usa wanted to strenghten democracy
britain was in between the two

germany ended up having to accept complete blame, pay the allies for the damage caused, its colonies were taken away, their military was limited, and the LoN was established

Question 11

new countries formed after ww1

Answer 11

Austria hungry dissolved
ottoman empire split up (turkey, lebanon, syria, etc)
poland
Czechoslavia
yogoslavia

Question 12

LoN

Answer 12

set up to keep and promote peace following WW1 (founded by Wilson, but not joined by USA)
- no army
- usa didnt join
- decisions had to be unanimous
- countries were still recovering from ww1
- addressed refugees, working conditions, health, transport, social, and political aspects
- was unable to prevent aggressor states (italy, germany, japan) from invading other countries
- was dissolved when ww2 happened

Question 13

Land disputes ww1

Answer 13

• Japan invaded Manchuria
• Italy invaded ethiopia
• upper silesia was fought over by poland and germany
• aaland islands were fought over by sweden and finland
• corfu (mussolini occupied corfu (greece) after an italian was murdered)
• Vilna, fought over by poland and lithuania

Question 14

Rise of authoritarian rulers ww1

Answer 14

due to harsh reparations, hitler gained popularity in germany, mussolini in italy, and hirohito in japan

economic instability, social unrest, and the rise of nationalist and extremist ideologies caused this

Question 15

Causes ww2

Answer 15

• Weaknesses Weimar Republic
• Impact WWI
• Nationalism
• Appeal authoritarian leaders
• Great Depression
• Hitler’s actions
• Policy of Appeasement

Question 16

• Weaknesses Weimar Republic

Answer 16

• civilian resentment after signing of treaty of versialles
• economic and social divide
• economic difficulties (currency losing its value, everyone poor)
• political instability
• rise of extremist parties

Question 17

• Impact WWI on ww2

Answer 17

with the harsh reparations, economic instability, extremist governments in power, alliances, etc tension was forming between countries

Question 18

• Appeal authoritarian leaders ww2

Answer 18

economic instability, social unrest, and the rise of nationalist and extremist ideologies
(negative cohesion)

Question 19

• Great Depression

Answer 19

stock market crash caused usa to withdraw its loans to germany leading to an economic and employment crisis in germany as well.

Question 20

• Hitler’s actions

Question 21

• Policy of Appeasement

Answer 21

a diplomatic strategy aimed at avoiding war with aggressive nations (hitler), by making concessions.

ex. german rearmament, german occupation of austria, german invasion of the rhineland

Question 22

Effects ww2

Answer 22

• Crippled economy European powers
• Rise independence movements
• Rise superpowers USA and USSR and
• Tension between their ideologies

Question 23

• Crippled economy European powers

Question 24

• Rise independence movements

Question 25

- Rise superpowers USA and USSR

Question 26

Tension between ideologies ww2

Question 27

cold war causes

Answer 27

Causes - Ideological differences - Yalta & Potsdam conferences - Iron curtain & Satellite states - Berlin Blockade - Containment

Question 28

ideological differences cold war

Answer 28

Capitalism - Means of production are in the hands of private ownership (free mareket) communism - Means of production are in the hands of the people (the state). It is a classless society.

Question 29

- Yalta & Potsdam conferences

Answer 29

wartime conferences (1945) that were held to determine the future of europe. yalta - tension because stalin wanted to move ussr border into polands territory but churchill and roosevelt disagreed (they still let it happen) potsdam - tension because by this time, stalin had implemented communist governments in eastern countries, usa had the atomic bomb, and truman was now president (much more anti communist). countries disagreed about consequences, reparations, and soviet control (usa extreme left, uk middle, ussr right)

Question 30

- Iron curtain & Satellite states

Answer 30

border between soviet controlled countries and the west Reinforced the divide between East and West creating opposing alliances A country that is formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military influence from another country. USA disliked influence that USSR had over several states, which created a buffer between USSR and USA. states acted as a buffer for countries in eastern europe, protecting USSR

Question 31

- Berlin Blockade

Answer 31

stalin blocked all movement of products, resources, people, etc from west berlin due to the secret conference in london without ussr and the currency reform. Allies decided to do an airlift: every 90 seconds, allied planes brought food + resources to west berlin blockade was peacefully resolved in the end

Question 32

Containment

Answer 32

stopping the spread of an opposing ideology

Question 33

Effects cold war

Answer 33

- (nuclear) Arms race - Political tension

Question 34

- (nuclear) Arms race cold war

Answer 34

a competition between the usa and ussr for supremacy in nuclear warfare

Question 35

cold war - Political tension

Question 36

how to find message from source

Question 37

how to assess values and limitations

Question 38

how to compare and contrast