Final Exam Flashcards by Lauren Edgar

Hard Drive

Stores data

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RAM

Temporarily stores data

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Which storage does the processor use?

RAM

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What are programming languages listed high to low level?

Pseudo > high > assembly > machine

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Name high level object oriented programming languages

C#, C++, Java

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What is java assembly language?

Java bytecode for JVM

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What is machine code?

Binary, executable

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What does compiler do?

Converts code into executable form

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What does interpretor do?

Translates while running program

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How is java compiled?

By Javac to bytecode

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What is bytecode?

A special portable executable for Java compiled by Javac

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What are the phases of programming?

Define/analyze, design, write code, test code, document, maintain/upgrade

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What are the three data types?

Primitive, collections, and objects

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What is one byte?

8 bits

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What are boolean, byte, char, short, and float?

Primitive variables

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What must at least one class in a project have?

A main method

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What is structured processing?

Inputing data, processing, and producing output

Sequence, decisions, loops

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What is procedural processing?

Passing data, processing, and returning values

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What is object oriented processing?

Defining data attributes and methods that operate on them, creating powerful new data types

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What are the different types of identifiers?

Classes, methods, variable names

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Identifiers can contain:

Letters, digits, and $

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What are " , \ , \n , \t ?

Escape sequences

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When is final used?

For constants whose values do not change

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Postfix - int y = x++ results in:

Y is a number, then x is incremented

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Prefix - int y = ++x results in:

x is incremented, then y is set to incremented number

What is Java API?

Set of pre-existing software; some of which needs to be imported

Are static methods instantiated or called?

Does not need to be instantiated, just called

If a static method is in a different class how do you call it?

With "Classname.methodName(params)"

How do you call a method that belongs to an object?

objectVariable.methodName(params)

Where does character index start?

Use _____ operator to combine strings

Scanner methods are:

``` next() nextInt() nextDouble() next().charAt(0) nextLine() (nextLine does not skip spaces, tabs and newlines to get next item) ```

String1 == string2 compares what?

Reference variables and location in memory

What are some character methods?

isLetter() isDigit() toUpperCase() toLowercase()

What are some object reference variables?

Arrays, API library, user-defined classes

What is a reference variable?

Contain references to objects in memory where actual data is stored.

What do objects do with primitives passed to them?

Make copies

What is the switch format?

``` switch (variable) { case c1: statement; break; case c2: statement; break; } ```

Benefit of switch format?

Can have multiple cases on one line

Order of operations

``` () - negation, ! not, casting, ++, -- *, /, % +, -, concat , <=, >= ==, != && || =, *=, %=, etc ```

Two types of loop designs

Counter controlled - certain number of times (for loop) and Sentinel controlled - until event/value occurs (while and do/while loop)

Checks condition after running once

For loop

Checks condition before running

While loop

Does the do statement, then checks condition, then returns to complete those conditions if while condition is met

Do/while loop

What happens when "return" is encountered?

Method immediately ends

Static methods

Can be called without being instantiated

When passed to methods, primitives:

Are copied

When passed to methods, objects:

Addresses are passed so they are directly acted on

Scope

Where variables can be used

Variables with the same name can be declared in separate blocks/methods UNLESS:

Nested

Math.

``` pow(number to square, power) sqrt(#) cell(#) floor(#) round(#) PI E ```

Lets you create an object of primitive type

Wrapper class

What does stringBuffer do?

Lets you change characters toString() length(), etc

When can you call a static method from another class?

When both classes are in the same package

How to call for each loop

for (TypeOfData anyWordYouWant: nameOfArray) { actions }

When arrays are created, primitives are set to ____, and reference objects are set to ____

0 and null

4 types of access specifiers

Public - accessible by anything Protected - same folder only Private - only within the same class Default - package private

What do classes do?

Defining new data types

How do you instantiate a class?

Create variables of the class type and calling a constructor

What does a class contain?

Data and methods

Which data type do classes contain?

Static and instance

What is a static data type?

It does not need to be instantiated and only one copy is shared by all objects of the class

Static methods do not use instance members to do its job. T or F?

True

Static methods are called with ______

Class name

What is instance data?

Each object has its own copies and values

How are instance methods called?

With a class object and may operate directly on any data members

How to override a static method

You cannot. The point of a static method is that it is the same method throughout all objects

How can you compare object addresses?

How can you compare objects?

.equals()

Immutable

Cannot be changed after being created | Ex. Integer, Double, and String

Object array syntax?

FirstClass rays[] = new FirstClass[10] Rays[0] = new FirstClass('a', 10)

What is overloading?

Same method name with different parameters

Inheritance

Creating a subclass by extending a superclass

Overriding

Redefining a super method in the subclass

Relationships

Uses - class uses method/data of another class Has - class has instance of another class/method Is - is a subclass of another class

Super keyword

Calls super class

How can subclasses directly access and use private members?

Use super.get or super.set methods

You can extend from how many classes?

One

What is shared with extended class?

All methods

Upcasting

Cast subclass to superclass type Shares methods and data of superclass

Upcasting is implicit. Tor F?

True

Downcasting is implicit. T or F?

False. Explicit

Static methods can not access instance data. T or F?

True

Instance methods can not access static data. T or F?

False. They can access static data

Recursion

Method repeatedly calls itself

Iteration

Method uses loops without repeatedly calling itself