Final Exam

Question 1

if one atom donates its electron to another atom, the resulting bond formed is…

Answer 1

ionic

Question 2

the property of water that allows it to have high surface tension is

Answer 2

cohesion

Question 3

freely pass through the plasma membrane (without channels)

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

how is water typically transported across the cell membrane

Answer 4

aquaporins

Question 5

where would lysine be found in the cell membrane and why

Answer 5

exterior of the cell membrane because it is hydrophilic

Question 6

a pair between the macromolecule and the type of linkage

Answer 6

bonds between nucleic acids= phosphodiester bonds

Question 7

hemoglobin has 4 distinct and myoglobin has one. Hemoglobin is a _____, while myoglobin is a ______

Answer 7

quaternary protein, tertiary protein

Question 8

glycogen is used in _____ cells and starch is used in _____ cells.

Answer 8

animal, plant

Question 9

T/F: plant cells have a large, central vacuole and animals cells do not

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what is the function of a lysosome

Answer 10

digestion and waste processing of cellular materials

Question 11

what is ONLY found in plant celss

Answer 11

chloroplast

Question 12

what 3 things are part of nucleotides

Answer 12

phosphate group
nitrogenous base
5-carbon sugar

Question 13

what is the complementary sequence of this DNA: 3’ ATTGTTCAT 5’

Answer 13

5’ TAACAAGTA 3’

Question 14

what is the central dogma

Answer 14

DNA-> RNA-> proteins

Question 15

every peptide sequence starts with what amino acid? what is the codon sequence

Answer 15

Methionine, AUG

Question 16

eukaryotic cells can sort proteins into specific compartments by detecting;

Answer 16

Signal sequences

Question 17

the promoter sequence on eukaryotic genes in the

Answer 17

TATA box

Question 18

chromosomes which contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomes arms are

Answer 18

homologous chromosomes

Question 19

in which phase does chromosome replication occur

Answer 19

interphase: S phase

Question 20

what is the function of topoisomerase

Answer 20

corrects “overwinding” ahead of replication forks

Question 21

what is the function of helicase

Answer 21

enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication fork

Question 22

what is the function of ligase

Answer 22

facilitates the joining of DNA nucleotides together

Question 23

what is the function of DNA polymerase

Answer 23

starts a chain of RNA nucleotides using the parental DNA as a template

Question 24

if there is an early stop codon in the sequence being translated, this would be a …

Answer 24

nonsense mutation

Question 25

bacterial cells divide by

Answer 25

binnary fission

Question 26

replication that occurs at the replication bubble in plasmid

Answer 26

binary fission

Question 27

in what phase does the nuclear envelope break down in mitosis

Answer 27

prophase

Question 28

cleavage furrow is to ____ as cell plate is to ____

Answer 28

animals, plants

Question 29

meiosis II is when

Answer 29

sister chromatids seperate

Question 30

homologous chromosomes pair to form a tetrad to exchange genetic material

Answer 30

crossing over

Question 31

2 homologous chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase I, causing uneven distribution of genetic material

Answer 31

non-disjunction in meiosis I

Question 32

how does ploidy change in both meiosis I and meiosis II

Answer 32

Meiosis I: 2n--> n Meiosis II: n--> n

Question 33

during oogenesis, the division of one primary oocyte results in the production of ____ mature ovum

Answer 33

one

Question 34

which of the following describes the secondary growth of plants

Answer 34

development of wood and bark

Question 35

primary growth in plants refers to the growth of ____ and is found in _____

Answer 35

roots and shoots, apical meristem

Question 36

the diploid reproductive structure of a plant

Answer 36

seeds