FInal Exam Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Lithosphere?
A
The earths rock layer
2
Q
What is the Hydrosphere
A
The earths water layer
3
Q
What is the atmosphere?
A
the earths air layer
4
Q
What is erosion?
A
Carry away rock sediments
5
Q
What is physical weathering used for?
A
To breakdown and keep the same substance.
6
Q
What is Chemical weathering used for?
A
breakdown and get a new substance
7
Q
What are the forces of erosion?
A
Gravity, wind, water, and glaciers.
8
Q
What do Wind and moving water make?
A
sediments in shapes and glacier are angular
9
Q
What earthquakes produce?
A
P and S waves.
10
Q
What are P waves?
A
primary waves that go through solids and liquids.
11
Q
What are S waves?
A
S waves are secondary waves that only go through solids.
12
Q
What is the crust?
A
The outer layer of the earth.
13
Q
What is the mantle?
A
earths second layer.
14
Q
What does the magma in the mantle do?
A
The magma moves in currents which causes the tectonic plates to move.
15
Q
What is the outer core?
A
The third layer and it’s a liquid.
16
Q
What is the inner core?
A
The inner core is the forth layer and is a solid.
17
Q
What is the word when all the continents fit together as one super continent?
A
Pangaea
18
Q
What is weather?
A
The daily conditions of the atmosphere.
19
Q
What are the layers of the atmosphere?
A
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
20
Q
What does atmosphere contain?
A
78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% other
21
Q
What is Air temperature measured with?
A
measured with a thermometer
22
Q
What is air pressure measured with?
A
a barometer
23
Q
What is Humidity?
A
The moisture in the air that is measured with a hygrometer or a psychrometer.
24
Q
What is wind speed measured with?
A
An anemometer and wind direction is measured with the wind vane.
25
What is wind caused by?
Uneven heating of the earth's surface. We name wind by the direction in which it came from.
26
Three type of clouds?
cumulus, stratus, and cirrus
27
five forms of precipitation?
rain, hail, snow, sleet, and drizzle.
28
What is the Coriolis effect?
The turning or deflection of the wind and ocean currents caused by the earths rotation.
29
What is the water cycle?
Contains the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipatation and transportation.
30
What is Climate affected by?
latitude, bodies of water, and mountains.
31
Where does Air mass gets it's characteristics from?
The area it's formed over.
32
What are the Air mass characteristics?
polar, tropical, continental, and maritime.
33
What do high pressure systems bring?
dry weather
34
What does low pressure systems bring?
cloudy and damp weather.
35
What is a cold front?
A cold front is when a cold mass pushes a warm mass.
36
What is a warm front?
When a warm mass pushes a cold mass.
37
What is found in fronts?
Precipitation.
38
Isotherms
connect points of equal tempatures
39
Isobars
connect points of equal air pressure
40
How are Greenhouses useful?
It traps CO2 in the atmosphere increasing global warming.
41
What is rotation supposed to do?
Spin on it's Axis.
42
What is the Earths Rotation rate?
15 degrees per hour (24 hrs)
43
What is revolutions job?
To orbit around the sun.
44
What is the earths resolution rate?
1 degree per day
45
What happens when earth is closer to the sun?
The earth travels faster and the pull gravity is stronger.
46
Why does earth have seasons?
The tilt of the earths axis.
47
When is the winter solstice?
Dec 21
48
When is the Summer Solstice?
June 21
49
an event in which a planet's subsolar point passes through its Equator.
equinoxes
50
What is the heliocentric model?
When the sun is in the center and geocentric model when the earth is in the center
51
What are the benefits from stars and the sun?
helps us prove that the earth rotates.
52
The nine planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and *Pluto (Dwarf planet) .
53
What do Asteroid belts separate?
the small solid planets from the giant gaseous planets.
54
Finish this: The farther the planet is from the sun
the longer of the revolution.
55
What are phases of the moon?
The apparent changes in the shape caused by the earths view of the moon.
56
What are the names of phases?
new moon, crescent, moon, half moon, gibbous, and full moon.
57
what are earth tides caused by?
the moons gravity and being cyclic.
58
When does an eclipse occur?
when the earth, sun, and moon line up.
59
when does a lunar eclipse occur?
when the moon passes through the earth's shadow.
60
when does a solar eclipse occur?
when the moon casts it's shadow on the earth.
61
Finish the wave Planet-Solar system-
Galaxy- universe
62
What does temperature determine in a star?
the color
63
What does it mean when a star is red?
It's cool
64
What does it mean when a star is blue?
it's hot
65
What chemical does the sun use?
hydrogen. which is called nuclear fusion
66
What are all rocks composed as?
Minerals
67
How are Physical properties of minerals tested?
streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, and color.
68
How are chemical properties tested for a mineral?
acid tests
69
What is magma?
Hot liquid rock below the crust.
70
What is a igneous rock made of?
Cooling magma.
71
How are Sedimentary made?
compression and cementation of sediments.
72
How are sedimentary rocks classified?
size of sediments.
73
How do you know a metamorphic rock is a metamorphic rock?
When it's exposed to magma which causes heat and pressure.
74
What does the rock cycle show?
how any rock can be turned into any rock.
75
As you increase elevation or altitude...
air pressure decreases.
76
What are cells?
The basic unit of living things
77
flow of life science
cells-tissues-organs-systems-organisms
78
Organisms have to carry out some life processes. What do they have to carry out?
nutrition, transport, respirations, excretion, regulation, reproduction, and growth.
79
all cells have the following organelles...
nucleus, mitochondria, vacuole, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
80
Function of the Nucleus
Control activities
81
Mitochondria
gives energy
82
vacuole
to store waste/water
83
cell membrane
control what gets in and out of cell
84
cytoplasm
fluid
85
ribosome
to make proteins
86
What do plant cells only have?
Cell wall and chloroplasts
87
forces of erosion
gravity, wind, water, and glaciers.
88
What does Nutrition consist of?
Ingestion, digestion, and egestion.
89
What are the nutrients that are important?
proteins, carbohydrates, fats and oils, and vitamins and minerals.
90
What is the Sun main source for?
plants, animals, and humans
91
Three types of asexual reproduction.
Binary fission, budding, and regenration.
92
What is Metamorphosis?
The life cycle of organisms such as the frog, fly, butterfly and humans.
93
What does a compound microscope used for?
two lenses to view small objects.
94
eye piece x objective =
total magnification
95
what is cancer
abnormal cell division
96
a respond to a stimulus is
the way we respond to change
97
Responses can be...
involuntary
98
What is a ecosystem
where living and non living interact
99
Organisms get energy from what...
food they eat
100
producers
plants
101
consumers
eat producers
102
herbivores
eat plants
103
carnivores
eats animals
104
omnivores
eat plants and animals
105
more than one food chain can
make food webs
106
What does a food pyramid show?
Energy being passed with plants / most energy on bottom.
107
What are the three symbotic relationships?
Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
108
What is ecological succession?
the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time
109
what can renewable do?
they can be recycled.
110
Two types of cell division
asexual and sexual.
111
mitosis
cell division with same number of chromosomes
112
meiosis
cell division with half the number of chromosomes
113
sperm + egg
zygote through fertilization
114
zygote
embryo through cleavage and differentiation
115
female parts of a flower
pistil-stigma-style-ovary-egg
116
male parts of a flower
anther-filament-pollen-sperm
117
pollination
when pollen fertilizes the egg
118
what is self pollination
flower has both male and female parts-self pollinates. (sexual reproduction)
119
is self pollination sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction.
120
cross pollination
flower pollinates another flower
121
Seed dispersal
spreads the seeds by wind, animal, and explosion.
122
how is a trait determined?
a trait is determined by the genetic material on your genes
123
Dominant
trait that is showing.
124
Recessive
not showing
125
what does punnett squares shows?
probability
126
Purebred/Homozygous
same
127
Hybrid (Heterozygous)
2 different
128
What does evolution cause?
great variety of living things
129
example of evolution of great living things
natural selection, genetic engineering, mutations, genetic diseases.
130
What does the skeletal system do?
It supports the body
131
What does the skeletal body consists of?
cartilage, joints, ligaments
132
Muscular system
moves organs and body parts
133
voluntary is the ability
to control
134
involuntaty
no control
135
Regulatory consist...
nervous and endocrine
136
Nervous System
control body activities
137
what does the nervous system control?
the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs.
138
what are neurons?
nerve cells
139
what do endocrine glands regulate?
body activities with hormones that are secreted by the glands
140
what does the digestive system do?
breaks down food.
141
what organs are in the digestive systems
pancreas, gall bladder, and liver.
142
what are the two types of digestion?
chemical and physical
143
digestive juices.
saliva, stomach- gastric juices and HCI, small intestine juice, pancreas- pancreatic juice and liver.
144
circulatory system jobs
transport materials
145
circulatory system consists of...
heart and blood vessels
146
blood vessels
carry arteries- carries blood away from the heart
147
respiratory system
exchanges gases with the environment. gas exchange happens
148
excretory system
removes waste from body
149
reproductive system
produces offsprings.
150
where does fertillization happen?
in the oviduct
151
1 kg=
1000g
152
1m=
100 cm
153
1L
1000 mL
154
What is the difference between an observation?
Inference is assuming something based on an observation.
155
Why is the metric system used in science
easier way of measuring in science
156
What is Volume?
Space Occupied within a three dimensional shape
157
How do you calculate volume of a rectangular and irregular object?
lwh
158
What is matter
a substance made up of various types of particles that occupies physical space.
159
What is property?
a quality of something like strength, stretchiness, and absorbency.
160
How do you calculate density?
D= M/V
161
What is an element?
A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into another substance
162
What is a compound?
A thing composed of two or more more separate elements ; a mixture.
163
what is a mixture?
a substance made by mixing other substance
164
what is average speed calculated by?
Total Distance/ Total time
165
resultant velocity
acceleration x time
166
smallest part of a compound is called
molecule
167
environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, and daylight are...
abiotic factors that influence the type of organisms present
168
Which two gases, when released into the atmosphere, are believed to contribute most to global warming?
nitrogen and oxygen
