Final Exam Flashcards
(349 cards)
1
Q
pelvic girdle
A
connects axial skeleton and lower limbs
- hip bone x2
- sacrum
- coccyx
1
Q
innominate
A
3 fused bones
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium
2
Q
ilium (medial)
A
- iliac crest
- iliac fossa
- auricular surface
- iliac tuberosity
- anterior and posterior spines (4)
- arculate line
- greater sciatic notch
3
Q
ilium (lateral)
A
- iliac crest
- gluteal surface
- anterior and posterior spines (4)
- greater sciatic notch
***NO ILIAC FOSSA
4
Q
ischium
A
- ischial spine
- lesser sciatic notch
- ischial tuberosity
- ischial ramus
5
Q
pubis
A
- superior and inferior pubic rami
- body of pubis
- pectineal line (continues from arcuate)
- symphyseal surface (where left and right pubis articulate-medially)
6
Q
shared features of ilium, ischium and pubis
A
- acetabulum
- obturator foramen
- ischiopubic ramus
- iliopectineal line
7
Q
male vs. female pelvis girdle
A
male: subpubic angle is smaller (60-70 degress)
female: subpubic angle is larger (90-100 degrees)
8
Q
sacrum
A
anterior:
1. sacral promontory
2. anterior sacral formina
3. sacral ala
posterior:
1. posterior sacral formina
2. sacral canal
3. sacral hiatus
lateral:
1. auricular surface (connects to AS on ilium)
9
Q
coccyx
A
tailbone - inferior to the sacrum
10
Q
pelvic inlet
A
borders:
1. anterior: pubic symphasis
2. posterior: sacral promontary and ala
3. lateral: iliopectineal line
11
Q
pelvic outlet
A
borders:
1. anterior: pubic arch
2. posterior: coccyx
3. lateral: ischial tuberosity
12
Q
true pelvis
A
inferior to pelvic inlet
- contains pelvic viscera
13
Q
false pelvis
A
superior to pelvic inlet
- contains abdominal viscera
14
Q
pubic symphysis joint
A
fibrocartilaginous joing between symphyseal surface of both pelvises
15
Q
sacroiliac joint
A
joint between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium
16
Q
sacroiliac ligament
A
attach sacrum and ilium
- supports trunk on lower limbs
17
Q
sacrospinous ligament
A
attach sacrum to ischial spine
18
Q
sacrotuberous ligament
A
attaches PSIS, sacrum and ischial tuberosity
19
Q
inguinal ligaments
A
attaches ASIS to pubis
- doesn’t support sacroiliac joint
20
Q
greater sciatic foramina
A
in greater sciatic foramen above sacrospinous ligament
21
Q
lesser sciatic foramina
A
in lesser sciatic foramen below sacrospinous ligament and above sacrotuberous ligament
22
Q
hip joint
A
synovial ball and socket joint
- stability>mobility
- flex, extend, add, ab, circumduction
23
Q
acetabulum
A
- lunate surface
- acetabular labrum
24
acetabular labrum
cartilaginous rim on acetabulum to deepen socket for more stability
25
femoral head
sits in the acetabulum of hip
- contains fovea
26
ligamentum teres
ligament in fovea with blood vessel supply to femoral heads
27
supporting ligaments
1. iliofemoral
2. pubofemoral
3. ischiofemoral
28
iliofemoral ligament
illium
- prevents hyperextension
- 'Y' ligament
29
pubofemoral ligament yes
pubis
- prevents excessive abduction
30
proximal femur
1. head
2. neck
3. fovea
4. greater trochanter
5. trochanteric fossa
6. lesser trochanter
7. intertrochanteric creast
8. intertrochanteric line
9. gluteal tuberosity
31
pelvic diaphragm
1. ischiococcygeus
2. levator ani
32
ORIGIN of ischiococcygeus
sacrum (inferior end)
33
INSERTION of ischiococcygeus
ischial spine
34
ACTION of ischiococcygeus
supports pelvic viscera
35
Levator Ani
group of 3 muscles
36
ORIGIN of levator ani
1. pubis
2. superior pubic ramus
37
INSERTION of levator ani
1. anococcygeal ligament
2. coccyx
38
ACTION of levator ani
supports pelvic viscera
39
hiatuses
1. anal hiatus (round)
2. urogenital hiatus (longer)
***PASSAGE-WAY
40
function of the pelvic floor
1. supports abdominal and pelvic viscera
2. forms anal and urogenital hiatuses
3. resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
41
movements at the hip joint
1. flexion & extension
2. abduction and adduction
3. lateral and medial rotation
42
lateral rotators
1. piriformis
2. obturator internus
3. obturator externus
4. gemellus superior
5. gemellus inferior
6. quadratus femoris
43
ORIGIN of piriformis
pelvic surface of the sacrum (inferior)
44
INSERTION of piriformis
apex of the greater trochanter of femur
45
ACTION of piriformis
1. lateral rotation of hip joint
2. abduction of hip joint
3. extension of hip joint
46
sciatic nerve
largest nerve running down leg that passes through greater sciatic foramen
47
ORIGIN of sciatic nerve
lumbosacral plexus (L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
48
piriformis syndrome
occurs when the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve
49
ORIGIN of obturator externus
outer surface of obturator membrane
50
INSERTION of obturator externus
trochanteric fossa of the femur
51
ACTION of obturator externus
1. lateral rotation of hip joint
2. adduction of hip joint
52
ORIGIN of obturator internus
inner surface of the obturator membrane
53
INSERTION of obturator internus
medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
54
ACTION of obturator internus
1. lateral rotation of hip joint
2. adduction og hip joint
3. extension of hip joint
55
ORIGIN of gemellus superior
ischial spine
56
INSERTION of gemellus superior
medial surface of greater trochanter (with Ob. Internus tendon)
57
ACTION of gemellus superior
1. lateral rotation of hip
2. adduction of hip
3. extension of hip
58
ORIGIN of gemellus inferior
ischial tuberosity
59
INSERTION of gemellus inferior
medial surface of greater trochanter (with Ob. Internus tendon)
60
ACTION of gemellus inferior
1. lateral rotation of hip
2. adduction of hip
3. extension of hip
61
GOG sandwich
1. gemellus superior
2. obturator internus
3. gemellus inferior
62
quadratus femoris
square muscle
63
ORIGIN of quadratus femoris
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
64
INSERTION of quadratus femoris
intertrochanteric crest of the femur
65
ACTION of quadratus femoris
1. lateral rotation of hip joint
2. adduction of hip
66
gluteus maximus
largest and most superficial glute muscle
67
ORIGIN of gluteus maximus
1. sacrum
2. ilium
3. thoracolumbar fascia
4. sacrotuberous ligament
68
INSERTION of gluteus maximus
1. ilitibial tract (superficial 2/3)
2. gluteal tuberosity of femur (deep 1/3)
69
ACTION of gluteus maximus
1. extension
2. lateral rotation
3. adduction
70
gluteus medius
second glute muscle
71
ORIGIN of gluteus medius
ilium (gluteal surface)
72
INSERTION of gluteus medius
greater trochanter of femur
73
ACTION of gluteus medius
abduction of hip
74
gluteus minimus
smallest and deepest glute muscle
75
ORIGIN of gluteus minimus
ilium (gluteal surface)
76
INSERTION of gluteus minimus
greater trochanter of femur
77
ACTION of gluteus minimus
abduction of hip
78
ORIGIN of tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
79
INSERTION of tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
iliotibial tract
80
ACTION of tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
1. abduction of hip
2. flexion of hip
3. medial rotation of the hip
81
where does the femoral artery enter the lower limb?
at the inguinal ligament
82
where does the femoral artery travel?
down the anteromedial aspect of the thigh and passes through the adductor canal
83
what does the femoral artery supply?
anterior thigh
84
femoral artery branches
1. profunda femoris (deep artery of the thigh)
85
profunda femoris branches
1. lateral circumflex femoral artery (goes anterior)
2. medial circumflex femoral artery (goes posterior)
86
profunda femoris
- passes between muscles of the medial compartment and pierces the medial compartment muscle
87
what does the profunda femoris supply?
posterior thigh
88
lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)
- short branch of profunda
- contributes blood to anterior thigh and hip joint
- curves around neck of femur
89
medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA)
- posteromedial branch of profuda
- emerges in gluteal region
- supplies blood to posterior thigh and hip joint
- curves around neck of femur
90
compartments of the thigh
1. anterior
2. medial
3. posterior
91
popliteal fossa
1. popliteal artery
2. geniculate arteries
3. posterior recurrent tibial artery
4. anterior tibial artery
5. posterior tibial artery
92
popliteal artery
- enters leg at base of popliteal fossa
- supplies blood to knee joint and superficial posterior leg
93
posterior tibial recurrent artery
- branches laterally from popliteal artery
- moves superior "recurrent"
- supplies blood to proximal end of fibula and tibia
94
anterior tibial artery
- originates posteriorly and branches laterally
- pierces interosseus membrane to go to anterior leg
95
anterior tibial arteries
- terminates in foot
- supplies blood to anterior leg
- branches into anterior tibial recurrent artery
96
anterior tibial recurrent artery
- terminates superiorly at the anterior knee joint
- supplies blood to knee joint
97
posterior tibial arteries
- runs between the superficial and deep posterior muscle groups
- terminates in foot
- supplies blood to deep posterior leg
- branches to fibular artery
98
fibular artery
- runs down parallel and lateral to tibial artery
- supplies blood to lateral leg and superficial posterior leg
99
dorsum of the foot
anterior tibial artery bifurcates at dorsum
- contains deep plantar artery which branches posteriorly
supplies:
- top of foot
- digits
100
plantar surface of the foot
posterior tibial artery curves under the medial calcaneus
supplies:
- bottom of foot
- digits
101
deep plantar artery
connect top and bottom of foot together
102
veins of the foot
1. dorsal venous network of foot
2. posterior tibial veins (bottom of foot)
3. great saphenous vain
4. anterior tibial veins
103
veins of leg
1. venous network of foot
2. posterior tibial veins (back of leg)
3. anterior tibial veins
4. great saphenous vein
5. popliteal vein
104
great saphenous vein
empties into the femoral vein (lateral)
105
femoral vein
ascends from popliteal vein into the inguinal region
106
lumbosacral plexus
L1-S4
107
obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
runs down anterior medial aspect of thigh and terminates in thigh
108
MOTOR INNERVATION of obturator nerve
medial thigh muscles
109
SENSORY INNERVATION of obturator nerve
skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh
110
femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
descends the anterior thigh to leg and divides into branches
111
MOTOR INNERVATION of femoral nerve
anterior thigh muscles
112
SENSORY INNERVATION of femoral nerve
skin of anteromedial thigh and medial aspects of knee, leg and foot
113
sciatic nerve
(L4-S3)
runs inferiorly between the medial and posterior thigh compartments
- gives of muscular branches
114
MOTOR INNERVATION of sciatic nerve
posterior thigh muscles
115
sciatic nerve termination
terminates at the popliteal fossa and divides into two branches
- tibial nerve
- fibular nerve
116
tibial nerve
continues down the posterior aspect of leg and terminates at heel of foot
117
MOTOR INNERVATION of tibial nerve
posterior leg muscles and majority of foot muscles
118
SENSORY INNERVATION of tibial nerve
sole of foot and posterior leg
119
fibular (peroneal) nerve
curves around head of fibula
- once in anterior compartment of leg it divides into 3 branches
- terminates in foot
120
MOTOR INNERVATION of fibular nerve
- lateral and anterior leg muscles
- medial aspect of foot muscles
121
SENSORY INNERVATION of fibular nerve
lateral leg and dorsum of foot
122
anterior distal femur
1. lateral condyle
2. lateral epicondyle
3. medial condyle
4. medial epicondyle
5. adductor tubercle
6. patellar surface
123
posterior distal femur
1. lateral condyle
2. lateral epicondyle
3. medial condyle
4. medial epicondyle
5. adductor tubercle
6. intercondylar fossa
7. linea aspera
124
inferior distal femur
1. lateral condyle
2. medial condyle
3. patellar surface (anterior)
4. intercondylar fossa (posterior)
125
adductor tubercle
above medial epicondyle
126
adductor hiatus
hole in interosseus membrane where femoral artery and vein and popliteal artery and vein run through
127
auricular surfaces on patella
sit on top of tibial plateaus
128
anterior proximal tibia
1. lateral condyle
2. medial condyle
3. tibial tuberosity
4. anterior border
5. intercondylar eminence
129
intercondylar eminence
projection between the 2 condyles
130
posterior proximal tibia
1. lateral condyle
2. medial condyle
3. soleal line
4. tibial plateau x2
5. intercondylar eminence
131
superior proximal tibia
1. lateral condyle
2. medial condyle
3. tibial tuberosity
4. intercondylar eminence
5. tibial plateau x2
132
medial malleolus
points in medially
133
knee joint
- synovial joint
- modified hinge
contains joint capsule and bursae
134
knee movement
main movement
- flexion and extension
slight movement
- medial and lateral rotation
135
what bone is not part of the knee ?
fibula
136
cruciate ligaments of the knee
- anterior cruciate ligaments
- posterior cruciate ligaments
137
collateral ligaments of the kee
- lateral collateral ligaments
- medial collateral ligaments
138
other ligaments of the knee
- patellar ligament
- quadriceps tendon
***cannot see posteriorly
139
tendon vs. ligament
tendon: muscle to bone
ligament: bone to bone
140
menisci of the knee
fibrocartilage which functions to
- reduce friction
- increase stability
- absorb shock
141
medial meniscus
- larger
- fixed to MCL
- oval
142
lateral meniscus
- smaller
- mobile (not fixed to the LCL)
- circular
143
knee replacement
required joint resurfacing
144
if there is force to the lateral knee what injury would occur?
tear in the medial collateral ligament fxd drt A
145
anterior compartment of thigh
- leg extensors
- hip flexors
1. psoas
2. iliacus
3. rectus femoris
4. vastus lateralis
5. vastus medialis
6. sartorius
7. vastus intermedius
146
medial compartment of thigh
- thigh adductors
- medially rotate thigh
147
posterior compartment of thigh
- leg flexion
- thigh extension
1. biceps femoris
2. semitendinosus
3. semimembranosus
148
fascia lata
separates the compartments
- TFL and gluteus maximus fuse with the fascia lata
149
ORIGIN of psoas
transverse process and vertebral bodies of T12-L5
150
ORIGIN of iliacus
iliac fossa
151
INSERTION of iliopsoas
lesser trochanter of femur
152
ACTION of iliopsoas
1. flexes the thigh at hip joint
2. lateral rotation of the thigh
153
where does the psoas and iliacus become the iliopsoas?
the inguinal ligament
154
ORIGIN of sartorius
ASIS
155
INSERTION of sartorius
medial surface of tibia
156
ACTION of sartorius
1. flexes thigh at hip joint
2. flexes leg at knee joint
157
ORIGIN of rectus femoris
AIIS
158
INSERTION of rectus femoris
quadriceps femoris tendon
159
vastus muscles
1. vastus lateralis
2. vastus medialis
3. vastus intermedius
159
ACTION of rectus femoris
1. flexes thigh at hip joint
2. extends leg at knee joint
160
ORIGIN of vastus lateralis
lateral intertrochanteric line of femur
161
INSERTION of vastus lateralis
lateral patella via quadriceps femoris tendon
162
ACTION of vastus lateralis
extend leg at knee joint
163
ORIGIN of vastus medialis
medial intertrochanteric line of femur
164
INSERTION of vastus medialis
medial patella via quadriceps femoris tendon
165
ACTION of vastus medialis
extend leg at knee joint
166
ORIGIN of vastus intermedius
upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral femur
167
INSERTION of vastus intermedius
1. quadriceps femoris tendon
2. lateral patella
3. lateral condyle of tibia
168
ACTION of vastus intermedius
extend the leg at knee joint
169
innervation of anterior compartment
femoral nerve
170
ORIGIN of gracilis
1. inferior pubic ramus
2. ishchiac ramus
171
INSERTION of gracilis
medial surface of proximal tibia
172
ACTION of gracilis
1. adduct thigh at hip joint
2. flex the leg at knee joint
173
ORIGIN of pectineus
pectineal line
174
INSERTION of pectineus
pectineal line of femur
175
ACTION of pectineus
1. adduct thigh at hip joint
2. flex thigh at hip joint
176
ORIGIN of adductor longus
external surface pubis
177
INSERTION of adductor longus
linea aspera on femur
178
ACTION of adductor longus
1. adducts thigh at hip joint
2. medially rotate thigh at hip joint
179
INNERVATION of gracilis
obturator nerve
180
medial superficial compartment
1. gracilis
2. pectineus
3. adductor longus
181
INNERVATION of pectineus
femoral nerve
182
INNERVATION of adductor longus
obturator nerve
183
medial deep compartment
1. adductor brevis
2. adductor magnus
184
ORIGIN of adductor brevis
1. external surface pubis
2. inferior pubic ramus
185
INSERTION of adductor brevis
1. posterior surface of femur
2. upper 1/3 of linea aspera
186
ACTION of adductor brevis
1. adducts thigh at hip joint
2. medially rotates thigh at hip joint
187
INNERVATION of adductor brevis
obturator nerve
188
Adductor magnus
2 parts:
1. adductor part
2. hamstring part
189
ORIGIN of adductor part of adductor magnus
ischiopubic ramus
190
INSERTION of adductor part of adductor magnus
1. posterior surface of proximal femur
2. linea aspera
3. medial supracondylar line
191
ACTION of adductor part of adductor magnus
1. adducts thigh at hip joint
2. medially rotates thigh at hip joint
192
INNERVATION of adductor part of adductor magnus
obturator nerve
193
ORIGIN of hamstring part of adductor magnus
ischial tuberosity
194
INSERTION of hamstring part of adductor magnus
supracondylar line
195
ACTION of hamstring part of adductor magnus
1. adducts thigh at hip joint
2. medially rotates thigh at hip joint
196
INNERVATION of hamstring part of adductor magnus
sciatic nerve
197
lateral border of femoral triangle
sartorius
198
superior border of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
199
medial border of femoral triangle
- adductor longus
- pectineus (deep)
200
apex of femoral triangle
adductor canal
201
contents of femoral triangle
1. femoral nerve
2. femoral artery
3. femoral vein
4. lymph nodes
202
what do lymph nodes pass through
femoral canal and sheath
203
hamstrings (posterior thigh)
3 muscles that cross 2 joints (hip & knee)
204
ORIGIN of long head of biceps femoris
ischial tuberosity
205
INSERTION of long head of biceps femoris
1. lateral condyle of tibia
2. head of fibula
206
ACTION of long head of biceps femoris
1. knee flexion
2. medial rotation of tibia
3. hip extension
207
INNERVATION of long head of biceps femoris
sciatic nerve turned to tibial nerve
208
ORIGIN of short head of biceps femoris
linea aspera
209
INSERTION of short head of biceps femoris
1. lateral condyle of tibia
2. head of fibula
210
ACTION of short head of biceps femoris
1. knee flexion
2. lateral rotation of tibia
211
INNERVATION of short head of biceps femoris
sciatic nerve turned to common fibular nerve
212
ORIGIN of semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
213
INSERTION of semitendinosus
proximal medial tibia
214
ACTION of semitendinosus
1. knee flexion
2. medial rotation of tibia
3. hip extension
***same as long head biceps
215
INNERVATION of semitendinosus
sciatic nerve turned into tibial nerve
216
ORIGIN of semimembranosus
ischial tuberosity
217
INSERTION of semimembranosus
medial condyle of tibia
218
ACTION of semimembranosus
1. knee flexion
2. medial rotation of tibia
3. hip extension
***same as long head biceps femoris
219
INNERVATION of semimembranosus
sciatic nerve turned into tibial nerve
220
semitendinosus
- long tendon
- superficial and medial
221
semimemranosus
- wide and flat muscle belly
- deep
222
pes anserinus (goose's foot)
combined tendons of 3 muscles inserting on the proximal medial tibia
1. sartorius (anterior)
2. gracilis (medial)
3. semitendinosus (posterior)
223
popliteal fossa
the space located directly posterior to the knee joint
224
superomedial border of popliteal fossa
semimembranosus
225
superolateral border of popliteal fossa
biceps femoris (long head)
226
inferomedial border of popliteal fossa
gastrocnemius (medial head)
227
inferolateral border of popliteal fossa
1. gastrocnemius (lateral head)
2. plantaris
3. popliteus
228
floor of popliteal fossa
posterior surfaces of femur and tibia
229
contents of popliteal fossa
1. popliteal vein
2. popliteal artery
3. tibial nerve
4. common fibular nerve
***sciatic branches into tibial and fibular nerve
5. fascia lata
6. deep popliteal lymph nodes
230
blood supply of thigh and knee
1. external iliac artery
2. femoral artery
3. deep femoral artery
4. medial circumflex femoral artery
5. lateral circumflex femoral artery
6. popliteal artery
7. medial superior/inferior genicular artery
8. lateral superior/inferior genicular arteries
231
venous drainage of thigh and knee
1. medial superior/inferior genicular vein
2. lateral superior/inferior genicular vein
3. popliteal vein
4. femoral vein
5. great saphenous vein
6. medial circumflex femoral vein
7. lateral circumflex femoral vein
8. deep femoral vein
9. external iliac vein
232
anterior leg
tibia:
1. condlyes
2. tibial tuberosity (medial)
3. soleal line
4. medial malleolus
fibula:
1. head of fibula
2. lateral malleolus
233
interosseous membrane
- fibrous connective tissue
- stabilizes the tibia and fibula along their vertical axis
- separate the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg
234
tarsals
1. calcaneous
2. talus
3. navicular (hallux)
4. cuboid (pinkie)
5. cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
235
talus
articulates with tibia (superior)
236
metatarsals
numbered 1-5 medial to lateral (big toe to pinkie toe)
237
phalanges
1. proximal
2. middle
3. distal
238
big toe
hallux
- only has proximal and distal phalanges
239
sesamoid bones
2 round bones under big toe encased in flexor hallicus brevis tendon
- make movement more efficient
- medial and lateral sesamoid bones
240
movements of the ankle
1. dorsiflexion
2. plantarflexion
3. inversion
4. eversion
241
talocrural joint
- synovial hinge joint
- formed by articulation of tibia, fibula, and talus
- mortise and tendon structure
242
ACTION of talocrural joint
1. plantarflexion
2. dorsiflexion
243
subtalar joint
- synovial plane joint
- formed by articulation of talus and calcaneous
244
ACTION of subtalar joint
1. inversion
2. eversion
245
sustentaculum tali
ledge protruding medially from calcaneous where talus sits
246
anterior leg compartment actions
extension/dorsiflexion
247
posterior leg compartment actions
flexion
248
anterior leg compartment
1. tibialis anterior
2. extensor hallicus longus
3. extensor digitorum longus
4. peroneus tertius
249
ORIGIN of tibialis anterior
1. upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
2. interosseous membrane
250
INSERTION of tibialis anterior
1. medial cuneiform
2. base of 1st metatarsal
251
ACTION of tibialis anterior
1. dorsiflexion
2. inversion
252
tibialis anterior
runs along medial side on leg = invesrion
- supports the medial longitudinal arch
253
ORIGIN of extensor hallicus longus
1. middle 1/3 of medial surface of fibula
2. interosseus membrane
254
INSERTION of extensor hallicus longus
base of distal phalanx of hallux
255
ACTION of extensor hallicus longus
1. dorsiflexion
2. extension of hallux
256
ORIGIN of extensor digitorum longus
1. lateral tibial condyle
2. head and medial surface of fibula
3. interosseus membrane
257
INSERTION of extensor digitorum longus
base of distal phalanx for digits 2-5
258
ACTION of extensor digitorum longus
1. dorsiflexion
2. extension of digits 2-5
259
peroneus tertius
- most lateral
- runs in front of the lateral malleolus = anterior
- on fibula
260
ORIGIN of peroneus tertius
anterior border of distal fibula
261
INSERTION of peroneus tertius
base of 5th metatarsal
262
ACTION of peroneus tertius
1. dorsiflexion
2. eversion
263
extensor retinaculum
bands of connective tissue covering the extensor tendons on anterior surface of leg and ankle
264
lateral compartment of leg
1. peroneus longus
2. peroneus brevis
265
ORIGIN of peroneus longus
head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
266
INSERTION of peroneus longus
1. medial cuneiform
2. base and of 1st metatarsal
267
ACTION of peroneus longus
1. plantarflexion
2. eversion
268
peroneus longus
important for obtaining arch
- supports the transverse and lateral arch
269
ORIGIN of peroneus brevis
distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula
270
INSERTION of peroneus brevis
base of 5th metatarsal
271
ACTION of peroneus brevis
1. plantarflexion
2. eversion
***same function as peroneus longus
272
posterior compartment of leg -superficial
1. gastrocnemius
2. soleus
3. plantaris
273
triceps surae
gastrocnemius and soleus (3 heads)
274
ORIGIN of gastrocnemius
medial and lateral epicondyle of femur
275
INSERTION of gastrocnemius
calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon (achilles)
276
ACTION of gastrocnemius
1. knee flexion (crosses knee joint)
2. plantarflexion
277
ORIGIN of soleus
1. posterior surface of fibular head and neck
2. soleal line of tibia
278
INSERTION of soleus
calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
279
ACTION of soleus
plantarflexion
280
soleus
has a larger muscle belly and is deep to gastrocnemius
281
ORIGIN of plantaris
lateral epicondyle of femur
282
INSERTION of plantaris
calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
283
ACTION of plantaris
1. knee flexion
2. plantarflexion (but not as much as other muscles)
284
plantaris
originates in lateral femur
- small
285
posterior compartment of leg - deep
1. popliteus
2. tibilais poterior
3. flexor digitorum longus
4. flexor hallicus longus
286
ORIGIN of popliteus
1. lateral femoral condyle
2. lateral meniscus
287
INSERTION of popliteus
posterior tibial surface
288
ACTION of popliteus
"unlocks" and stabilizes knee joint
289
popliteus
under medial and lateral heels of gastrocnemius
290
tibialis posterior
smaller than anterior
- supports medial longitudinal arch (MAJOR SUPPORTER)
291
ORIGIN of tibialis posterior
1. interosseus membrane
2. borders of tibia and fibula
292
INSERTION of tibialis posterior
1. navicular
2. cunieforms
3. base of 2-4th metatarsals
293
ACTION of tibialis posterior
1. platarflexion
2. inversion
294
ORIGIN of flexor digitorum longus
middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia
295
INSERTION of flexor digitorum longus
base of 2-5th distal phalanges
296
ACTION of flexor digitorum longus
1. plantarflexion
2. inversion
3. flexion of digits 2-5
297
ORIGIN of flexor hallicus longus
1. distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
2. interosseous membrane
298
INSERTION of flexor hallicus longus
base of distal phalanx of hallux
299
ACTION of flexor hallicus longus
1. plantarflexion
2. inversion
3. flexion of hallux
300
flexor retinaculum
- band of connective tissue covering the flexor tendons on the medial surface on ankle
- from medial malleolus to calcaneous
301
tarsal tunnel
- only medial side
includes:
1. tibialis posterior
2. flexor digitorum longus
3. posterior tibial artery & vein
4. tibial nerve
5. flexor hallicus longus
302
function of ankle, foot, and toes
- absorb shock and impact as foot comes into contact with ground
- to adjust to different terrains
- become a rigid lever capable of propulsion
- offer sensory information from ground
303
bones of foots
1. tarsals (7)
2. metatarsals (5)
3. phalanges (14)
304
tarsals - proximal row
1. talus
2. calcaneus
305
tarsals - intermediate row
1. navicular
2. cuboid
306
tarsals - distal row
1. medial cuneiform
2. intermediate cuneiform
3. lateral cuneiform
307
hindfoot
1. calcaneus
2. talus
- in contact with the ground
***ABSORPTION
308
midfoot
1. navicular
2. cuboid
3. cuneiforms
- creation of arch
***ADAPTATION
309
forefoot
1. metatarsals
2. phalanges
- used for propulsion
***GENERATION
310
medial ligaments
1. deltoid ligament
311
deltoid ligament
- on medial aspect of foot
- runs from medial malleolus to talus, calcaneous and navicular
- resists EVERSION
312
lateral ligaments
1. anterior talofibular
2. posterior talofibular
3. calcaneofibular
***resists INVERSION in different angles
313
anterior talofibular ligament
- anterior aspect of lateral malleolus to anterior talus
- most stretch in plantarflexion
314
posterior talofibular ligament
- posterior aspect of lateral malleolus to posterior talus
- most stretch in dorsiflexion
315
calcaneofibular ligament
- inferior aspect of lateral malleolus to calcaneus
- most stretch in neutral position
316
arches of the foot
1. medial longitudinal arch
2. lateral longitudinal arch
3. transverse arch (left to right)
317
medial longitudinal arch
formed by connection between:
1. calcaneus
2. talus
3. navicular
4. cuneiforms (3)
5. 1st-3rd metatarsal
318
pes plantus
flat foot
319
pes canvus
big arch
320
lateral longitudinal arch
formed by connection between:
1. calcaneus
2. cuboid
3. 4th-5th metatarsal
- lower and more gradual than medial
321
transverse arch
formed by connection between:
1. 3 cuneiforms
2. cuboid
3. metatarsals
***goes to phalanges
322
plantar aponeurosis
- tough fibrous sheath/band of tissue
- runs from most anterior aspect of calcaneus to metatarsals
- helps stabilize arches of the foor
***MOST SUPERFICIAL
323
spring ligament
AKA. plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- supports medial longitudinal arch
- generation of force
324
plantar ligaments
1. long plantar ligament
2. short plantar ligament
325
long plantar ligament
calcaneus to base of 2-5 metatarsals
326
short plantar ligament
calcaneus to cuboid
- supports all arches
327
extrinsic muscles of foot
muscles from the leg compartments into the foot
328
intrinsic muscles of foot
muscles entirely contained within the foot
329
plantar surface muscles of foot
muscles on the sole of foot
1. peroneus longus
2. peroneus brevis
3. tibialis posterior
4. flexor digitorum longus
5. flexor hallicus longus
330
dorsum surface muscle of foot
muscles on top of foot
1. tibialis anterior
2. extensor hallicus longus
3. extensor digitorum longus
4. extensor hallicus brevis
5. extensor digitorum brevis
331
muscles with no arch support
1. tibialis anterior
2. extensor digitorum longus
3. extensor hallicus brevis
4. extensor digitorum brevis
332
ORIGIN of extensor hallicus brevis
calcaneus
333
INSERTION of extensor hallicus brevis
base of the1st phalanx
334
ACTION of extensor hallicus brevis
extension of hallux
335
ORIGIN of extensor digitorum brevis
calcaneus
336
INSERTION of extensor digitorum brevis
base of the phalanx 2-4
337
ACTION of extensor digitorum brevis
extension of toes 2-4
338
extrinsic muscles on dorsum of foot
1. extensor hallicus longus (EHL)
2. extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
3. tibialis anterior (TA)
339
intrinsic muscles on dorsum of foot
1. extensor digitorum brevis (EDB)
2. extensor hallicus brevis (EHB)
340
peroneus brevis what arch support
supports lateral arch
341
flexor digitorum longus arch support
supports the medial longitudinal arch
342
flexor hallicus longus arch support
supports the medial longitudinal arch
- the only muscle that travels under the sustaneous tali
343
what muscle group supports arches?
deep flexor group not superficial flexor group
344
layer 1 intrinsic muscles
1. flexor digitorum brevis
2. abductor hallicus
3. abductor digiti minimi
345
layer 2 intrinsic muscles
1. flexor hallicus longus tendon
2. lumbricals
3. flexor digitorum longus post tendon
4. quadratus planate
346
layer 3 intrinsic muscles
1. adductor hallicus (oblique head)
2. flexor hallicus brevis
3. flexor digiti minimi
4. adductor hallicus (tranvserse head)
347
layer 4 intrinsic muscles
dorsal & plantar interossei
