Final Exam Flashcards
What Element of Com. is a fundamental for creating meaning?
Verbal and Nonverbal Elements
Define Immediacy
Refers to how close or involved people appear to be with each other
Define Paralinguistics
All aspects of spoken language except for the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, and stress
What is the best way to understand the perspective of another person?
Understanding the world from another’s point of view
What are the techniques for conversing effectively?
Perspective taking, Conversational Awareness (familiarity with the conversational rules a culture has), & Contextual Awareness
What are the behaviors to display when making an apology?
Don’t wait, be genuine, and accept the other person’s anger
What are the strategies for initiating conversations?
- Approach someone and introduce yourself
- Ask the person how they are and combine it with a self intro
- Ask the person a question
- Make a comment on something in the environment
- Make a general complaint
- Offer a social line
In hurtful messages, what is the role of intention?
Intentional Messages are perceived as purposely causing harm to the recipient
Unintentional Messages may be somewhat less painful than those perceived as intentional
What are the types of Border Dwellers?
Border Dwellers are people who live in between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns; travel, socialization, and participation in a relationship
What are Hofstede’s cultural dimensions?
Individualism, Collectivism, Preferred Personality, Human-Nature Value Orientation, Power Distance, Long Term VS Short Term, Indulgence VS Restraint
Define Co-Culture
Common interest forms a smaller culture within their large culture
How do Individualism and Collectivism differ?
Individualism: Respects the autonomy and independence of individuals
Collectivism: A value orientation that stresses the needs of the group
What is Ethnocentrism?
Evaluation of other cultures in the standards of one’s own culture.
What is Attraction Theory?
Explains the primary forces that draw people together, proximity, interpersonal attractiveness, and similarity.
What is Uncertainty Reduction Theory?
Argues relationship development is facilitated or derailed by participants’ efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other.
What is Predicted Outcome Value Theory?
Explains how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction OR repulsion
What is Social Exchange Theory?
The development and longevity of relationships as a result of individuals’ ability to maximize the rewards and minimize the costs of their relationships
What is Equity Theory?
Argues that people are more satisfied in relationships they perceive as FAIR; where their costs are balanced by their rewards
What is Knapp’s Stage Model?
Model of romantic development that views relationships as occurring in “stages” and focuses on how people communicate as relationships develop & decline.
What are common dialectical tensions?
Autonomy/Connection: Need to connect with others and simultaneous need to feel independent
Expressiveness/Privacy: Need to be open and maintain some sense of privacy
Change/Predictability: Human desire for new, spontaneous events while needing some aspects of live to be stable and predictable
What is matching hypothesis?
Tendency to develop relationships with people who are approximately as attractive as we are
What are types of Termination strategies?
Negative Identity Management
De-Escalation Strategy
Justification Strategy
Positive Tone Strategy
Define small groups
A small number of people who share a common goal, who feel connected to each other, and who coordinate their behavior. 3-5 people
What is a Task Role?
Roles that are directly related to the accomplishment of group goals
