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1
Q

What are the components of human com.

A

1.) Sender/Receiver
2.) Message
3.) Meaning
4.) Channel
5.) Noise

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2
Q

What is the definition of encoding?

A

Converting ideas into a message

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3
Q

What is the definition for decoding?

A

Receiving a message and interpreting it

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3
Q

What are components of com. COMPETENCE?

A

Appropriateness (rules, norms, expectations for relationships/situations)
Effectiveness(being able to acheive one’s goal without any interruptions)

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3
Q

What com. process are involved in identity development?

A

Symbolic interactionism (theory about how we develop meaning/identities through com. with others)
Performance of identity(The process by which we show the world who we think we are/self-presentation)

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3
Q

What is Ethnic identity?

A

Identification with a particular group with one share some or all characteristics such as national affiliation, religious beliefs, etc.

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4
Q

What are examples of noise?

A

Distracting clothes, temperature, perceptions/bias, sounds, visuals

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4
Q

What is relational meaning?

A

Describes what the message conveys about the relationship between parties

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4
Q

What is content meaning?

A

Describes the denotative/connotative meaning of something

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4
Q

What are particular others?

A

The important people in an individual’s life whose opinions and behavior influence the various aspects of identity.

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4
Q

What are reflected appraisals?

A

The idea that people’s self-images arise primarily from the ways that others view them and from the many messages they have received from others about who they are (think of blue eyes VS brown eyes video)

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5
Q

What are generalized others?

A

Collection of roles, rules, norms ,beliefs, and attitudes endorsed by the community in which a person lives.

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5
Q

What is racial identity?

A

Identification with a particular racial group (which is a development of societal forces)

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6
Q

What is national identity?

A

A person’s citizenship

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7
Q

What is social class identity?

A

An informal ranking of people in a culture based on their income, occupation, education, and other factors.

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8
Q

Why is identity important to communication?

A

Identity is important because interactions create and shape identities and plays a role in intercultural com.

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9
Q

How does self-esteem relate to self-concept?

A

Self-esteem is PART of one’s self-concept aka how self-esteem comes from how one perceives and interprets appraisals and social comparison.

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10
Q

What is the looking-glass self?

A

The idea that self-image results from the images others reflect to an individual

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11
Q

What is self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

When an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood that it will, as the expectation influences behavior.

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12
Q

What is social comparison?

A

Traits or Characteristics we desire or hate from others

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13
Q

What is stereotyped threat?

A

Process in which reminding individuals of stereotypical expectations regarding important identities can impact their performance

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14
Q

What is code switching?

A

The practice of changing language or dialect to accommodate to the com. situation

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15
Q

What is Heuristics?

A

Use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding

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16
Q

What is Phonology?

A

Study of sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds com. meaning

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16
What is Pragmatics?
Patterns/Rules people follow when they use language appropriately
17
What is syntax?
Refers to the rules that govern WORD ORDER. Allows people to combine words consistently that make sense and make communication possible.
18
What are Speech Acts?
Doing things with their words, maybe direct or indirect
19
What are semantics?
Study of meaning or that words do have meaning EX: "Colorless Green"
20
What is confirming com?
Validates positive self images of others
20
What is disconfirming com?
Invalidates/rejects others self-images
21
How do "You" and "I" statements differ?
"You" statements are negative generalizations while "I" statements allow you to focus on your feelings and experiences that are negative without making any generalizations
22
What are conversational rules?
Refers to manners when talking to someone
23
What are Contextual Rules?
Refers to word choice according to context and social custom
24
What are nonverbal cues used in turn-taking?
Eye contact, minimal responses, and active listening
25
What is the Speech Act Theory?
Branch of pragmatics that suggest that when people communicate, they do not just say things they also do the things with their words EX: making bets
26
What element of com. is the foundation for creating meaning?
The message
27
What are nonverbal illustrators?
Signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal message
28
What are nonverbal emblems?
Gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning
29
What are nonverbal adaptors?
Gestures used to manage emotions
30
What are nonverbal regulators?
Gestures used to control conversations
31
What are kinesics?
A system of studying nonverbal com sent by the body
32
What are paralinguistics?
Aspects of spoken language that are oral but not verbal such as voice qualities
33
What are chronemics?
Study of the way people use time as a message (includes monochronically and pollychronically)
34
What are proxemics?
Study of how one uses space
35
What are the functions to nonverbal behavior?
1.) To com. info 2.) Regulating interaction (turn taking) 3.) Expressing/Managing Intimacy 4.)Establish social control 5.) Service task functions
36
What is intimate distance?
reserved for those whom one knows very well to display physical/psychological intimacy
37
What is personal distance?
Space we use when interacting with friends/acquaintances
38
What is social distance?
Distance when interacting with strangers
39
What is public distance?
Appropriate for public ceremonies
40
What does congruent mean in human com?
Verbal and nonverbal messages that express the SAME meaning
41
What is the role of nonverbal cues in the expression of feelings?
Nonverbal cues allow us to communicate COMPLEX messages without using our words
41
What does immediacy mean in human com?
Refers to how close/involved people appear to be with each other
42
What is Critical Listening Style?
Focuses on accuracy of context and reflects and preference for error free and well-organized speaking
43
What is Task-Oriented Listening Style?
Focuses heavily on the interest in listening rather than a simple transaction, the substance, and the context
44
What is the Analytical Listening Style?
Focuses on the facts and involves a tendency to engage in systematic thinking as opposed to mere enjoyment
45
What is Relation Listening Style?
Interested in hearing about other experiences, thoughts, and feelings (involves active empathic listening)
46
What are barriers to effective listening?
Physical/physiological barriers, psychological barriers, and conflicting objectives
47
What are the stages of listening, in order?
1.) Hearing 2.) Understanding 3.) Evaluating 4.) Response
48
What societal forces influence our listening?
Social Status, Physical appearance, and vocal cues
49
What are the common INEFFECTIVE listening behaviors?
Wandering, rejecting, judging, predicting, and rehearsing
50
Why is listening important?
Listening skills can improve your memory, give you a broader knowledge base, increase your attention span, enhance academic performance, and improved health
51
What kind of nonverbal cues are in emails and texts?
Response time, response length, and whether the user uses certain emojis or punctuation
52
How is interactive media different from face-to-face com?
With interactive media you can't see the other person's nonverbal cues
53
What is "Media Richness?"
Describes the potential info. carrying capacity of a com. medium. (in person com is considered the richest form of com.)
54
What is social presence and how does it relate to interactive media?
Degrees of psychological closeness or immediacy engendered by various media Allows you to interpret and respond to messages more accurately
55
What is a digital divide?
Inequity of access between the technology "haves" and "have nots"
56
What is cultural capital?
Cultural knowledge and cultural competencies that people need to function effectively in society
57
What is technocapital?
Access to technological skills and resources
58
What is Phishing?
Practice of trying to get consumer banking/credit card info.
59
What is Pseudo Anonymity?
Projecting a false identity that people can create identities based off virtual identities in order to cover up their "real" identity
60
What is Synchronous com?
Messages sent/received at the same time and feedback is IMMEDIATE
61
What is Asynchronous com?
Messages may be read/received at a convenient time with NO immediate feedback
62
To understand the meaning of a sentence, what is the most important thing we need to know?
How words relate to other words
63
What is CMC?
Computer Mediated Communication is an umbrella term that encompasses various forms of com. through networked computers
64
What are social scripts?
These are scripts people use when they've planed what they want to say
65
What are the advantages of speaking from your diaphragm?
Speaking from your diaphragm allows you to project your voice so you can speak without sounding like you're yelling

Human Com. (2 decks)

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