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final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some characteristics of vulnerable populations

A

higher risk of adverse effects
higher mortality rates
less access to healthcare
uninsured
diminished quality of life

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2
Q

what is differential vulnerability

A

the effect of stressful events on individuals
e.g. losing a loved one

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3
Q

examples of social capital

A

marital status
family structure
social networks
memberships

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4
Q

examples of human capital

A

education
job training
income
housing

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5
Q

isolation increases the risk for_____,______,&________

A

vulnerability
morbidity
mortality

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6
Q

root causes of vulnerable populations

A

socioeconomic status/poverty
insurance coverage?
race & ethnicity

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7
Q

how does lack of insurance contribute to health vulnerability

A

lack of preventative measures/screenings
delay in treatment
often not vaccinated

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8
Q

how does race/ethnicity contribute to health vulnerability

A

decreased access to housing, jobs, and resources
increased stressors
educational barriers

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9
Q

social determinants are conditions that affect the….

A

the health of individuals such as where they live, work, etc

it may affect the morbidity and mortality also

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10
Q

socioeconomic gradient refers to

A

the relationship between the social class/income and health

increased income=decreased morbidity and mortality

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11
Q

what are health disparities

A

unequal distribution of disease and health conditions

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12
Q

what are some causes of hearing loss

A

occupational noise exposure
attending loud events without ear protection
firearms
old age
vestibulocochlear nerve impairment at birth

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13
Q

what is the leading cause of disability

A

arthritis– it affects 25% if the people in the US

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13
Q

what are hearing loss nursing interventions

A

education is priority
screenings
provide resources
advocate for your patient

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14
Q

arthritis is most common in _____
arthritis increases your risk for_____

A

women
increases your risk for chronic health conditions

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15
Q

what impact does having arthritis have on a person’s life

A

-pain, disability, premature death
-have a higher risk of developing other chronic disease like heart disease or diabetes
-leading cause of work disability
-expensive treatment

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16
Q

how is arthritis pain managed

A

surgery
physical therapy
pain meds

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17
Q

what is the safest form of arthritis t/x

A

healthy people 2030’s goal is for people with arthritis to increase their physical activity

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18
Q

what are the effects of teen alcohol abuse

A

-poor/failing grades
-social issues like fights
-legal concerns like DUI or MIP
-health concerns like hangovers, alcohol poisoning, cancer, high BP, brain damage, liver disease

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19
Q

what are brief interventions

A

primary care physicians and/or
other trained health professionals have one or two behavioral therapy sessions with an adolescent who is using substances

-motivation
-education

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20
Q

why are brief interventions successful

A

they are successful because they can be implemented into schools, primary health clinics, ER, and outpatient behavioral health centers

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21
Q

what population is most affected by colorectal cancer

A

african americans

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22
Q

where does colorectal cancer grow

A

lower part of the digestive tracts

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23
Q

colorectal cancer barriers and challenges

A

limited access to healthcare
lack of education
feeling uncomfortable
fear of negative results

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24
what are some barriers experienced by immigrant women
transportation language religion lack of insurance gender roles culture health issues socioeconomic status
25
healthy people 2030 purpose
to promote, strengthen, and evaluate the Nation's efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people
26
healthy people 2030 goals
-healthy lives free of disease and disability -eliminate health disparities -create environments to promote the full potential for health -promote healthy habits -leadership
27
public health nursing functions
-focus on the health of the general public and families -Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster started the Henry Street Settlement -NLN required public health content in BSN programs
28
who started the Henry Street Settlement
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
29
what is primary prevention
preventing it from happening immunizations, education, counseling
30
what is secondary prevention
early detection screenings
31
what is tertiary prevention
manage pain treat symptoms
32
justice
fairness
33
malefinance
causing harm
34
nonmaleficence
do no harm
35
beneficence
doing good; benefiting
36
autonomy
when the nurse ensures the groups’ involvement in decision-making
37
veracity
truthful
38
fidelity
faithful
39
what is IRB
institutional review board
40
the IRB must have approval for what
anytime humans are used for research
41
what is culture
the beliefs, behavior, and values shared by members of society
42
what are the characteristics of culture
learned from others similar traits and customs shared mostly tact dynamic
43
epidemiology triad
host agent environment
44
in the triad who/what is the host
human or animal who harbors the disease causing agent
45
in the triad who/what is the agent
the factor that causes the disease
46
in the triad what is the environment
all external factors surrounding the host that may contribute to the host's vulnerability
47
incidence
new cases of the specific disease during a period of time
48
prevalence
all active cases of a disease at a given time
49
active immunity
long term resistance natural or artificial vaccine or if you have had it before
50
passive immunity
short term resistance naturally acquired e.g. mother to unborn baby
51
herd immunity
level of immunity to a group of people
52
cross immunity
may be passive or active exposure to one infection may increase immunity to another
53
shingles s/s
fever h/a chills upset stomach blisters (dissemination)
54
flu vaccine recommended for anyone ages____ and up
6 months and up
55
flu vaccine is especially needed for what groups of people
healthcare workers children (esp younger than 2) pregnant women asthma or other chronic diseases
56
how is covid spread
droplet airborne contact
57
most common cause of pneumonia
streptococcus pneumonia
58
what are sicknesses that can lead to pneumonia
flu RSV
59
pneumonia s/s
chills fever pleural pain cough
60
how is hep A transmitted
fecal/oral
61
hep A s/s
jaundice fever malaise nausea abd pain
62
hep A can result in
chronic liver disease
63
is there a vaccine for hep A
yes
64
how is hep B transmitted
blood and body fluids e.g. unprotected sex and sharing needles
65
hep B can result in
liver cancer, failure, death
66
is there a vaccine for hep B
yes
67
how is hep C transmitted
blood or sex
68
hep C can result in
liver infection and chronic disease
69
is there a vaccine for hep C
no
70
how is HIV/AIDS transmitted
blood and bodily fluids
71
HIV/AIDS attacks what
the immune system
72
TB is caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis
73
what are the two forms of TB
latent and active
74
TB s/s
cough fatigue loss of appetite weight loss night sweats bloody sputum chest pain
75
how is chlamydia transmitted
sex and mother to baby during birth
76
who is more susceptible for getting chlamydia
women
77
chlamydia s/s in women
could be asymptomatic yellow discharge odor UTI flank pain bleeding between periods
78
chlamydia s/s in men
could be asymptomatic urethra inflammation watery discharge burning itchy urethra flank and testicular pain
79
gonorrhea s/s in women
could be asymptomatic vaginal discharge followed by bleeding lesions
80
gonorrhea s/s in men
purulent drainage painful urination lesions
81
gonorrhea t/x
antibiotics
82
primary syphilis
chancre appears at entry site
83
secondary syphilis
lesions appear on hands, feet, and trunk. Other symptoms include rash, fever, sore throat, fatigue, lymphadenopathy
84
tertiary syphilis
neurological effects including deafness, cranial nerve palsy, meningitis or even death
85
how is syphilis transmitted
contact with lesions mother to baby
86
syphilis t/x
penicillin
87
genital herpes is caused by
herpes simplex type 1 & 2
88
genital herpes s/s
fever malaise lesions blisters
89
genital herpes t/x
no cure but you can use antiviral meds to treat the outbreaks
90
viral warts caused by
HPV
91
viral warts transmitted how
direct contact or mother to baby
92
viral warts incubation period
2-3 months
93
viral warts may lead to
cancer of the anus, cervix, vulva, vagina, or penis
94
can HPV be prevented
yes with vaccine
95
what do viral warts look like
flat or raised bumps or like cauliflower
96
direct transmission
immediate transfer of infectious agents from reservoir to new host
97
indirect transmission
occurs when the infectious agent is transported within contaminated inanimate materials such as air, water, or food (vehicle-borne transmission)
98
examples of diseases transmitted through direct contact
HIV, Hepatitis, herpes zoster (shingles not disseminated).
99
examples of diseases transmitted through indirect contact
MRSA, VRE, ESBL, CRE
100
enteric contact
spread via spores e.g. C. diff
101
contact PPE
gloves gown
102
droplet PPE
surgical mask
103
airborne PPE
N-95 neg pressure room
104
IPREPARE
Investigate potential exposures Present work Residence Environmental concerns Past work Activities Referrals and resources Educate
105
examples of therapeutic communication
empathy focusing clarifying giving info encouraging forming a plan
106
what are the steps for the communication process
1. message 2. sender 3. receiver 4. encoding 5. channel 6. decode 7. feedback loop
107
windshield survey
things you see in the community like the buildings etc
108
problem oriented assessment
focuses on the problem and fixing it
109
leading cause of death in developed countries
ischemic heart disease
110
leading cause of death in developing countries
lower respiratory infections
111
green
minor injuries (walking around)
112
yellow
delayed
113
red
intermediate
114
black
dead
115
category A bioterrorism
highest priority easily transmitted, highest mortality e.g. smallpox, anthrax, botulism, and ebola
116
category B bioterrorism
second highest priority moderately easy to transmit high morbidity, low mortality e.g. ricin toxin, food/water borne
117
category C bioterrorism
third highest priority easy to produce; high morbidity/mortality rates e.g. TB, influenza, rabes, SARS
118
primary prevention role of CHN during disaster preparedness
risk assessment planning communication/transportation drills supplies prevention
119
breastfeeding recommendation
breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months and then continued for at least a year
120
risk factors for SIDS
1. side/stomach sleeping 2. exposure to cigarette smoke 3. premature 4. co-sleeping 5. sibling who died of SIDS 6. bedding in the crib
121
measles tell tell symptom
koplik spots
122
how is measles transmitted
airborne
123
mumps tell tell symptom
severely swollen salivary glands (parotitis)
124
how is mumps spread
mucus/saliva but there is a vaccine
125
pertussis aka
whooping cough
126
is there a vaccine for pertussis
yes you want to get the booster every 10 years
127
how is pertussis spread
droplets
128
asthma triggers
overcrowded conditions air pollution allergens smoke infections stress exercise weather changes
129
myth of senility
all old people forget
130
myth of the rocking chair
old people don't do anything
131
myth of homogeneity
all old people are the same
132
myth of inability
old people can't learn new things
133
rural barriers to healthcare
transportation distance from the hospital limited choices of providers weather
134
rural/migrant health concerns | accidents
Tractor Accidents/Rollovers Machine & Equipment Accidents Heat Stroke Animal Injuries
135
home health nursing challenges
infection control and medication safety----polypharmacy
136
hepB can be given to
newborns (the only vaccine newborns are given)
137
what vaccines are given at 2 & 6 months
DTap Hib IPV PCV13 Hep B Rotavirus If 6 mo they can get influenza
138
what vaccines are given at 4 months
DTap Hib IPV PCV13 Rotavirus
139
what vaccines are given at 12-15 months
HepA Hib PCV13 Varicella MMR DTap
140
what vaccines are given 4-6 years
IPV DTap MMR Varicella | i did my vaccines
141
what vaccines are given 11-12 years
TDap HPV (x3) Meningococcal
142
what vaccines are given to adults
TDap (every 10 years) Influenza annually
143
what vaccines are given to 60-65 year olds
Herpes Zoster Pneumococcal Influenza annually
144
Phizer What kind of vaccine?
MRNA
145
Phizer how old do you have to be
5 and up
146
Phizer how many doses
2 doses in 21 days
147
Phizer after thawing it must be used within how many days
5 days
148
Moderna What kind of vaccine
MRNA
149
Moderna how old do you have to be
18 yrs
150
Moderna how many doses
2 doses in 28 days
151
Moderna stable in the fridge for how long stable at room temp for low long
fridge-30 days room temp-12 hrs
152
Johnson & Johnson What kind of vaccine?
Vector Virus Vaccine
153
Johnson & Johnson how old do you have to be
18 yrs
154
Johnson & Johnson how many doses
1 or mlti-dose vial
155
s/s of physical child abuse
unexplained injuries withdrawn behavior depression frequent absences from school attempts to hide injuries fear of coming home
156
s/s of sexual child abuse
enuresis nightmares STI genital trauma
157
s/s neglect/emotional abuse
anxiety/depression speech problems way too obedient dirty looking
158
what is the cycle of violence
honeymoon phase-->tension building-->acute explosion
159
t/x for opioids
narcan

Community Health Nursing (8 decks)

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