Final EXAM Flashcards by Sophia Lim

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pure substances

Same composition throughout and from sample to sample

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances even by chemical reaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound

A substance composed of 2 or more elements combined in definite proportions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metal

Lustrous, malleable, conductor of heat and electricity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non metal

Dull, brittle, insulator of heat and electricity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metalloid

An element having properties of both metals and non metals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mixture

Two or more elements or compounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Homogenous

Same composition throughout

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heterogeneous

Do not have uniform composition throughout

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Property

Characteristic that we can observe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Change

A process that changes the properties of a substance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical property

Characteristic that we can observe without changing composition of substance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Qualitative properties

Color, odor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Quantitative properties

Mass, density

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1 mL

1 cm^3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Density formula

D = mass/volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exothermic

Release energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Endothermic

Requires energy input

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Law of conservation of mass

Mass is not gained or lost in a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Law of definite proportions

A compound always has the same mass ratio of the elements that compose it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Protons

Positively charged,

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Isotopic symbol

A/Z (X)
A=mass number (protons and neutrons)
N=number of neutrons to in the nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cations

Positively charged ions, add ion to elemental name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anions

Negatively charged ions, add ide ion

Relative atomic mass

(isotope mass of 1 x relative abundance of 1) + (isotope mass of 2 x relative abundance of 2) / relative atomic mass

Group/family

Elements in the same column having similar properties

Period

Horizontal row of elements having properties that tend to vary in regular fashion

Alkali metals

Group 1 metals (not hydrogen)

Alkaline earth metals

Group 2 metals

Halogens

Group 17, exist as diatomic molecules

Noble gases

Group 18 nonmetals

Diatomic molecules

N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, H

Molecular compounds

Composed of 2 or more nonmetals

Ionic compound

Composed of cation (metal) and anion (nonmetal)

Dissociation/ionization

Substance releases ions when dissolved in water

Strong electrolyte

Dissociate completely, conduct electricity well

Weak electrolyte

Dissociate partially, conduct electricity fairly

Non electrolyte

Do not dissociate, don't conduct electricity

Monoatomic charges

Group 1A (charge of +1), Group 2A (charge of +2), Group 4A (charge of 3-), Group 6A (charge of 2-), Group 7A (charge of 1-), Al+3, Ni+2, Ag+, Zn+2, Cd+2,

S2-

Sulfide

SO3 2-

Sulfite

SO4 2-

Sulfate

Oxyanions

Contain oxygen, will end in ite or ate, depending on number of oxygens present

Anion

Will end in ide

Water

H2O

Ammonia

NH3

Methane

CH4

carbon monoxide

CO2

carbon dioxide

CCl4

carbon tetrachloride

SO3

sulfur trioxide

N2O4

dinitrogen tetroxide

PF5

phosphorus pentafluoride

Acids

Can be recognized by formulas that start with H, water ionizes to form ions

Bases

Substances that loses an OH- when reacting with water, dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions

Neutralization reactions

acids and bases reacting with each other

Binary acids

made from Hydrogen and one nonmetal, hydro prefix, root of non-hydrogen element, add -ic acid

hydrofluoric acid

HCl

hydrochloric acid

hydroiodic acid

H2S

hydrosulfuric acid

Oxyacids

made from Hydrogen and polyatomic anion, change ending, ate becomes ic acid, ite ion becoems ous acid, ide ion is named as a binary acid

H2SO4

sulfuric acid

H2SO3

sulflurous acid

HClO4

perchloric acid

HClO3

chloric acid

HCIO2

chlorous acid

HClO

hypochlorous acid

CO3 -2

carbonate

NO2 -

nitrite

NO3 -

nitrate

PO3 -3

phosphite

PO4 3-

phosphate

SO3 2-

sulfite

SO4 -2

sulfate

HCO3 -1

hydrogen carbonate

HPO4 -2

hydrogen phosphate

H2PO4 -

dihydrogen phosphate

FO-

hypofluorite

FO2 -

fluorite

FO3 -

fluorate

FO4 -

perfluorate

BrO-

hypobromite

BrO2 -

bromite

BrO3 -

bromate

BrO4 -

perbromate

MnO4 -

permanganate ion

CrO4 2-

chromate ion

OH-

hydroxide ion

C2H3O2 -

acetate ion

CN-

cyanide ion

NH4 +

ammonium ion

STP conditions

0 °C and 1 atm. Molar volume is STP at 22.4 L/mol for all gases

Combined gas law

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

Temperature and gas velocity are

Directly proportional

Molecular mass and gas velocity are

Inversely proportional

Diffusion and effusion rates are

Inversely proportional with molar mass

Solutions

Solute + solvent

H-bonding

Involved a bond between hydrogen and a more electronegative atom

Dipole-dipole

Established between two molecules with a difference in electronegativity

LDF

Weakest force. Forces caused by instantaneous mutual polarization of two molecules

Ideal gas law

PV = nRT, p pressure, v volume, n moles, r gas constant (22.4 L/mole), t temperature

Final EXAM Flashcards

(104 cards)