Final Exam

Question 1

what is informatics

Answer 1

Defined as the use of information and
technology to communicate, manage
knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision
making

Question 2

definition of nursing informatics

Answer 2

Integration of technology and physical devices with nursing knowledge and nursing clinical- decision making skills.

Question 3

What does the HIMSS do? (The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society)

Answer 3

Works to improve healthcare quality, safety, and
outcomes through improving the use of information
technology (IT) and systems.

Question 4

Benefits of Technology and Informatics

Answer 4

 Real time information that is up-to-date and readily
available
 Allows providers to see trends in data

 Minimizing errors (Barcoding, Computerized Provider, Order Entry (CPOE), Smart pumps)

 Contributes to health information literacy (Can guide clients to credible information)

 Database technology is necessary for EBP

Question 5

What do electronic health records help with?

Answer 5

• Providing accurate, up-to-date, and complete information about patients in real time
   Enabling quick access to patient records for more coordinated, efficient care
   Securely sharing electronic information with patients and other clinicians
   Helping providers more effectively diagnose patients, reduce medical errors, and provide safer care

Question 6

the 5 benefits of patient portals

Answer 6

• Better health outcomes
• Chronic condition management
• Timely access to care
• Patient retention
• Patient-centered medical home recognition

Question 7

Healthcare Information Systems: Clinical information system “benefits”

Answer 7

• Allows multiple disciplines to simultaneously
  access patient’s chart, record data that multiple
  healthcare providers can view and analyze in
  real time
   Provides most accurate, current information
  about patient
   When used at point of care, nurse can
  immediately record patient information
   Nurse should have access to diagnostic data,
  other providers’ evaluations of patient,
  pharmacy information
   Chart should include safety information
   Should allow nurse to print discharge
  instructions to review with patient and help with
  patient teaching

Question 8

Benefits of Computerized provider order entry (CPOE)

Answer 8

 Increases accuracy of ordering
 Improves patient safety
 Decreases the amount of time from order to treatment

Question 9

Benefits of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)

Answer 9

A CDSS uses a knowledge base and programmed rules, protocols, and evidence- based guidelines to match against patient data in the EHR and deliver alerts or recommendations to the provider.

Benefits
Can reduce medication errors
Can increase adherence to best practice
protocols
Can decrease costs

Can be challenging
If not set up correctly
If too difficult to navigate
If creates too many alerts, leading to alert
fatigue

Question 10

EHRs and CDSSs are designed to provide nurses with…

Answer 10

• Alerts
• Reminders
• Recommendations

Question 11

The 5 pillars of meaningful use compliance (EHR)

Answer 11

• Improving population and public health
• Engage patients and family
• Improve quality, safety, efficiency, and reduce health disparities
• Improve care coordination
• Maintain privacy and security of personal health information

Question 12

Telehealth vs Telecare

Answer 12

telehealth: the use of electronic
information and telecommunications
technologies to support and promote long-
distance clinical health care, patient and
professional health-related education,
public health, and health administration

Telecare: refers to technology that allows
consumers to stay safe and independent in
their own homes.

Question 13

Statutory law

Answer 13

• laws made by legislative branches at federal, state, local levels
• Ex: informed consent laws; reporting laws

Question 14

Administrative law

Answer 14

• Laws made by administrative agencies (BON)
• Administrative agencies are given power to interpret and
  enforce the laws

Question 15

Criminal law

Answer 15

• Conduct harmful to a person
• Can be punished by fines/prison

Question 16

Civil law

Answer 16

• Deal with rights of private individuals (ie: lawsuits)
• Tort- a civil wrongdoing committed against someone

Question 17

Tort Law

Answer 17

• If an individual carries out an act or fails
  to carry out an act and that results in
  injury or harm to a client—a tort has
  been committed.
  ● Essentially, a tort is a civil wrong that has
  been committed against an individual.
  ● Torts can be further categorized into
  intentional or unintentional.

o Unintentional and intentional actions or omissions that result in harm to another person or property
o Unintentional
o Negligence
o Malpractice
o Intentional
o Assault
o Battery
o False Imprisonment
o Invasion of privacy

Question 18

Negligence

Answer 18

■ damages person or property without intent to injure
■ Conduct that deviates from what a reasonable person
would do in a particular circumstance

Question 19

Malpractice

Answer 19

Acts and omissions committed by a professional while performing his/her professional duties

Question 20

professional negligence = ?

Answer 20

malpractice

Question 21

You have to mandatorily report what?

Answer 21

Abuse
Danger to self
Danger to others
Death of client
Death of neonate
Infectious disease that are deemed DPH concerns (ie: TB)
Nurses who violate the Nurse Practice Act
Mandatory Reporting of Impaired Licensees

Question 22

What is Good Faith Immunity

Answer 22

■ Healthcare workers are
protected from civil/criminal
liabilities when suspected
abuse is reported in good faith

■ Applies to suspected child
abuse, elder mistreatment,
certain illnesses or injuries,
crimes involving minors

Question 23

What are the 3 principles of Belmont Report

Answer 23

• Respect for persons
• Beneficence
• Justice

Question 24

vulnerable patients in research

Answer 24

• Fetuses
• Neonates
• Children
• Prisoners
• Those who are
  cognitively impaired
• Those who are
  educationally
  disadvantaged

Question 25

what are the 4 elements of Informed Consent

Answer 25

1. Disclosure of the essential study information to the subject 2. Comprehension of this information by the subject 3. Competence of the subject to give consent 4. Voluntary consent of the subject to participate

Question 26

what to remember about pediatric patients in research

Answer 26

* If the subject is a minor or is not able to give informed consent because of mental or physical disability, that subject may provide what is called assent to participate in the study. * Usually completed in a child > 7 year

Question 27

What is the institutional review board

Answer 27

a committee that is responsible for reviewing research protocols for potential ethical problems

Question 28

What is the IRB's role?

Answer 28

- Assessing for “fair” recruitment - Evaluate inclusion and exclusion criteria - Determine investigator subject relationship - Review consent for Autonomy, - Protection, Risk and Benefit - Review consent forms for clarity and process - Assessing Risk and Benefit

Question 29

What is patient advocacy?

Answer 29

Disease results in decreased independence, loss of freedom, and interference with the ability to make choices autonomously Therefore..........Advocacy becomes the foundation and essence of nursing, and nurses have a responsibility to promote human advocacy.

Question 30

what are the 5 aspects of empowerment?

Answer 30

* Self-efficacy * Self-awareness * Confidence * Coping skills * Health literacy

Question 31

does an ethics committee make clinical decisions?

Answer 31

No, it does not

Question 32

What can ethics committees do?

Answer 32

guide the discussion and act as mediator when there is conflict among the parties.

Question 33

What is HMO insurance plans?

Answer 33

- Coverage limited to providers contracted with HMOs - patients have to have a primary care provider (PCP)

Question 34

What is PPO insurance plan?

Answer 34

- doesn't require the patient to select a PCP - more options for providers - members pay less if use in-network providers, but freedom to choose out-of-network

Question 35

Medicare

Answer 35

- available to people age 65 or older who have worked in Medicare-covered employment, younger people with disabilities, people with end-stage renal disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 36

Medicaid

Answer 36

- available to low-income individuals and families, older adults, and people with disabilities who meet the eligibility requirements - funded by states and federal govt

Question 37

What are the branches of government

Answer 37

Legislative: --> Congress --> House of rep./Senate Executive: President --> Vice president Judicial: Supreme Court

Question 38

Resource Allocation

Answer 38

people the distribution of resources among competing groups of people or programs

Question 39

Ways insurance companies ration resources

Answer 39

They deny coverage for:  1. Services that are1. Services that are experimental  2. Services not supported by scientific research that prove their efficacy  3. If the patient has not used the basic/less expensive treatment first