Final exam Flashcards

Question

Texas revolution of 1835-36

Answer 1

In 1835 Mexico tried to take away Texas' right to self government. Texas rose up in rebellion in October 1835. The Alamo - February-March, 1836; all 200 defenders massacred. Including Bowie, Travis, Crockett. Goliad - 3 weeks later; 350 massacred. Battle of San Jacinto - April 1836 under Sam Houston; Mexican army defeated in minutes; Santa Anna captured; signed over rights to Texas.

Answer 2

Sam Houston was named President of the Republic of Texas (1st and 3rd). Functioned as an independent nation. - constitution, congress, foreign embassies, etc. The US was very slow to recognize Texas Independence, because of the Slavery issue. Did so near the end of Jackson’s presidency. Sought annexation to the US. Under Tyler (and Sec. of State Calhoun), a treaty of annexation failed; in 1845 entered the Union by joint resolution of Congress.

Answer 3

1. The annexation of Texas. 2. Dispute over the southern boundary of Texas - Nueces River or the Rio Grande River? 3. Defeat by the Mexican Government on American claims - more than $3 million. 4. Polk’s desire to acquire California.

Answer 4

Sparsely populated; 1,000 Americans by 1846. Polk wanted to negotiate with Mexico to purchase California and all intervening territory for $25 million. John Slidell sent to Mexico City; rebuffed by the Mexicans. Polk decided to use war to gain California by force.

Answer 5

Polk sent General Zachary Taylor with 1,500 men into the disputed area. The hope was Mexico would attack Taylor, giving the US an excuse for war. Attack came in May 1846. Taylor reported 16 casualties.

Answer 6

yes both the house and senate passed the war

Answer 7

A young Whig Congressman from Illinois who opposed the war, Abraham Lincoln, did not believe President Polk. Lincoln introduced resolutions in the House of Representatives demanding to know the exact spot on American soil where American blood had been shed. He wanted an investigation to prove whether or not the attack was on US territory.

Answer 8

the north opposed of it and south supported it, Fredrick Douglass wrote the north star to argue the case against the US on mexico, massachusetts considered the war unconstituitonal

Answer 9

Buena Vista - Northern Mexico California Mexico City

Answer 10

General Winfield Scott

Answer 11

General Taylor moved his army of 10,000 into northern Mexico and won two victories at Monterrey and Buena Vista. Colonel Jefferson Davis distinguished himself at Buena Vista. Taylor returned to the Rio Grande and remained for the rest of the war.

Answer 12

“Bear Flag Revolt” - June and July 1846; revolt against Mexican authority; declared California a republic. General Stephen W. Kearney took Los Angeles. Commodore Robet Stockton captured San Francisco with his naval contingent. Captain John C. Fermont co-operated with both men. California came under US military occupation.

Answer 13

General Scott sailed his army from New Orleans and landed at Vera Cruz with 10,000 troops in March 1847. Moved overland to take Mexico City in a textbook military operation. The city fell in September 1847. Captain Robert E. Lee distinguished himself during the campaign. Mexico City was militarily occupied by US forces; the Military Governor was John A. Quitman.

Answer 14

Polk’s fear: many people in the US wanted to take all of Mexico, so Polk wanted to get the war over as quickly as possible. He sent an obscure clerk to Mexico City, Nicholas Trist, to negotiate. He traveled along with Winfield Scott’s army.

Answer 15

By the treaty, Mexico: 1. Agreed to the Rio Grande River as the southern boundary of Texas and of the United States. 2. Ceded California and all intervening territory known as the Mexican Cession - to the US. The United States: 1. Agreed to pay Mexico $15 million. 2. Agreed to pay $3.25 million for those claims made by US citizens against the Mexican Government.

Answer 16

Fort pickens, pensacola bay, florida fort sumter, charleston harbor, south carolina (USA) The star of the west was a boat that supplied fort sumter, fort sumter was bombarded at 4:30 am by the confederates, marked the beginning of the civil war

Answer 17

galvanized northern support, lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to put down what he called an insurrection, but this caused four more states to secede out of the union, virginia seceded, arkansas, north carolina, and then tennessee

Answer 18

missouri, kentucky, delaware, maryland 1. saw south as agressor 2. the war was being fought to perserve the union 3. military occupation of missouri kentucky and maryland

Answer 19

23 states, population of 22 million, 4 to 1 advantage in manpower, more diverse economy, 3 to 1 advantage in railroad mileage, greater advantage in coal and iron, more capital and financial assets, they had a navy more facilities, they had relations with foreign nations

Answer 20

anaconda plan

Answer 21

1. split confederacy at mississippi river with troops and naval vessels 2. use navy to blockade all southern ports union forced would also seize

Answer 22

more thann 1.5 million men served, national draft law was the first draft of US history had to be 20-45 and could hire a sub for $300, privated pay= 13 a month 2nd Lt.= $105.50 general= $748

Answer 23

about 750,000 served, conscription act was the first draft in american history- had to be 18-35 "twenty negro law"- if owned 20 or more slaves they were exempt from draft, private pay= 11 a month 2nd Lt= $80 general= $301

Answer 24

First Battle of Manassas overwhelming confederate victory union- Irwin McDowell confed- beauregard and joseph e johnston, confed general thomas j jackson was nicknamed "stonewall" for being a hero

Answer 25

spent 3.2 billion, instituted the first income tax, issued $450 billion in paper currency called Greenbacks which caused inflation of 80%

Answer 26

spent $2 billion, printed money at a rapid rate and inflation hit 9000 percent

Answer 27

John d rockefeller- made money selling goods to union and then began Standard Oil his business John Deere- plow Gail Borden- condensed milk Studebaker brothers- wagons robert parrott- rifles

Answer 28

shiloh-first major battle and bloodiest fought up to that time in southern tennessee, union fought under Ulysses s grant and confed fought under albert sydney johnston and beauregard, 2 days of fighting->24,000 casuailites, union drove confederacy back to mississippi

Answer 29

george b mcclellan commander of potomac, joseph e johnston was turned to robert e lee, lee launched a new offensive as battle of seven days and drove mcclellan off to the peninsula, another union army under john pope invaded virginia in second battle of manassas

Answer 30

lee invaded maryland and met mcclellan at antietam creek at sharpsburg, antietams was unions victory technically, to this day bloodiest single day in history, 22,700 casualities

Answer 31

the union cause was failing, lincoln wrote to horace greeley to emancipate the slaves, first confiscation act- declared all slaves used for insurrection purposes to be freed in confederate states, second act- declared free the slaves supporting insurrection

Answer 32

hoped to coax confederate states back into the union, would end slavery in 1900, colonize free slaves out of country, january 1 1863 it was signed, it helped keep foreign nations out of the war but this made the union very mad so there were many riots and papers about it

Answer 33

waged war without consent of congress, appropriated money without congress, suspended the writ of habeas corpus (ex parte Merryman-1861), arbituary arrests- 30,000 citizens jailed without charges or trial for opposing the war including congressman Clement L. Vallandigham

Answer 34

won less than 4 out of 10 northern votes, he won re election with 55% and there were allegations of vote fraud, several newspapers called for his assassination, he was called "the original gorilla", "an imbecile", "ignorant", and an "idiot"

Answer 35

mcclellan was replaced by ambrose E. burnside, on december 13 a union disaster lost 13,000 men US troops, he was relieved of duty

Answer 36

burnside was replaced by joseph hooker, lost another 17,000 union troops, and stonewall jackson died

Answer 37

lee invaded the north, the union commanded by George G. Meade, met at gettysburg on accident, on day three lee ordered full frontal assault on union line which is known as Pickett's charge, by the end of battle lee lost nearly a third of his army, lee withdrew from gettysburg and mississippi was taken and confeds lost battle, gettysburg is the bloodiest battle in american history with over 53,000 casualties in 3 days in fighting

Answer 38

he was a good general, owned 1 slave, served in mexican war and re entered the army when the war broke out

Answer 39

he was a congressman a senator a cabinet officer and a presidential candiadate

Answer 40

battle of the wilderness, battle of spotsylvania court house, cold harbor, after the 4 battles both sides lost nearly 90,000 soliders, siege of petersburg

Answer 41

atlanta campaign, march to the sea a 60 mile wide path of destruction from atlanta to savannah, then turned north through south carolina and into north carolina

Answer 42

they created a new republican party called the union party and nominated lincoln for the 2nd term, Andrew Johnson who was a democrat was the vice president, allegations of vote fraud, no one really thought lincoln would win and the democrats all voted for mcclellan

Answer 43

march 4th, 1865, appomattox

Answer 44

april 9, 1865, appomattox

Answer 45

750,000-850,000 deaths, 1 million died bc of the war, 1 million slaves got sick or died

Answer 46

slavery eradicated, north was dominant, union is indivisible

Answer 47

abolition of slavery, problems of freedman, devastation of south, plantation system ruined, political consequences for the south, nature of the union, political and economic consequences for north, sectional bitterness

Answer 48

emancipation proclamation had no impact, 13th amendment ratified which ended slavery december 6, 1865, value of property lost estimated to be $3-4 billion, perhaps the greatest single act of confiscation in history

Answer 49

blacks were not prepared to be freed, freedmans bureau was created by Oliver O. Howard which helped w food, medical care, education, provided 22 million meals, established 100 hospitals, gave medical treatment to more than 1 million former slaves and spent 6 mil on higher education

Answer 50

1 of 4 men of military age were dead, $4 billion in slave property and $3 billion in stocks and bonds were lost for the confederacy, no capital to rebuild

Answer 51

land declined in value, slaves were gone leaving them roaming, sharecropping began

Answer 52

the old line planer leadership was disfranchised under the reconstruction acts of 1867, denying them the right to vote or hold office, in the immediate aftermath of the war, the south was governed by the republican party consisting of three elements: 1. Freedman- freed slaves 2. Carpetbaggers- northerners who went to south for economic opportunities 3. scalawags- southerners who cooperated with the re6publican party

Answer 53

the union would not be broken up bc it was illegal, nature of fed gov was strengthened greatly, national gov has more power today bc of it, three civil war amendments to the constitution the 13th 14th 15th, these amendments gave power to the fed gov, the war made it a national union

Answer 54

per capita doubled, declined by 75% in the south, north used the war to implement an economic agenda

Answer 55

northern bitterness stemmed from the war, southern bitterness stemmed from reconstruction, practice of "waving bloody shirt" emphasizing the south responsibility for the war for political gain

Answer 56

former confederate states would be restored to the union

Answer 57

the lenient plan (lincoln), the moderate plan(andrew johnson) and the radical plan(radical republicans of congress)

Answer 58

10 percent of the voting population had to take an oath of allegiance so that lincoln could declare amnesty, a state could write a new constitution and create a new government to be restored back to the union and had to accept abolition of slavery, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee were restored, this plan was opposed by the radicals

Answer 59

an actor, strongly opposed abolition of slavery, assassinated lincoln on April 14th 1865,

Answer 60

andrew johnson

Answer 61

remained loyal to the union, did not believe the south actually seceded from the union, enacted the moderate plan

Answer 62

50 percent of voters had to take a loyalty oath which excluded officers of the confederacy and wealthy slave owners, johnson appointed a provisional governor for each state and invited the qualified voters to draft a constitution and elect a state gov, they had to ratify the 13th amendment and repudiate confed debt, under these provisions all southern states established new governments and elected new gov officials

Answer 63

regulated the lives of the freedman

Answer 64

blacks cannot serve on a jury, could not vote, segregated in public and had to have a special license to bear arms, preach or trade

Answer 65

apprehended for vagrancy, tried in court, convicted by all white juries, fined, and could be hired out to the highest bidder to work out their fine, with former master being given first choice, orphans could of also been given to old master to be their apprentices

Answer 66

Congressman Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 67

civil rights act of 1866, fourteenth amendment (made former slaves American citizens with rights and they couldn't make laws to take those rights away) , reconstruction acts of 1867, and fifteenth amendment( all peoples can vote no matter race)

Answer 68

gave blacks citizenship for the first time and overturned dred scott decision, with passage of this bill blacks had the same rights as whites, anyone who discriminated blacks could be prosecuted in fed court

Answer 69

south was divided into 5 military districts, all persons who were disqualified under section 3 of the 14th amendment lost the right to vote, all black males allowed to vote, set up complicated procedure for states to be restored to the union

Answer 70

did not actually grant anyone the right to vote, but stated no one could be denied the right to vote however the south got around this with polls taxes, and grandfather clause, and literacy tests

Answer 71

tenure act of 1867 by sec of war Edwin M. Stanton impeached on counts of high crimes and misdemeanors

Answer 72

ulysses s. grant

Answer 73

overthrow reconstruction and restore white rule

Answer 74

they wanted to intimidate blacks and overthrow reconstruction, leader was Nathan Bedford Forrest, they would whip tar and feather and murder blacks

Answer 75

allowed president to declare martial law, suspended habeas corpus

Answer 76

1. the north lost interest and abandoned the effort, 2. violence and economic pressure of whites upon blacks

Answer 77

republican rutherford b hayes was elected because it was a disputed election and the democrats let him win if he took troops out of the south so he did

Final exam Flashcards

(102 cards)