final exam Flashcards
(85 cards)
Define and differentiate sex
Biological status based on chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive anatomy (e.g., male, female, intersex).
Define and differentiate gender identity
One’s internal sense of being male, female, both, neither, or somewhere along the gender spectrum.
define gender roles
Socially constructed expectations about how individuals should behave based on perceived gender.
define gender expression
The external presentation of gender through clothing, behavior, voice, etc.
Biological foundations of sex differentiation
Includes chromosomes (XX or XY), gonads (testes or ovaries), hormones (testosterone, estrogen), and brain structures that influence gendered behavior.
Intersex conditions and medical considerations:
A condition where a female is born with only one X chromosome instead of two. This affects growth, fertility, and sometimes heart and kidney function.
Turners syndrome
Intersec conditions and medical considerations:
A condition where a male has an extra X chromosome (XXY). This can cause lower testosterone levels and affect fertility and physical development.
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Intersex conditions and medical considerations:
A condition where someone with XY chromosomes (typically male) does not respond to male hormones (androgens). This means their body looks female, even though genetically they are male.
ndrogen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)
Transgender
individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.
Non-binary
People who don’t see themselves as just male or female. They might feel like a mix of both, neither, or something else.
Two-Spirit
A term used by some Indigenous cultures for people who have both male and female qualities.
Gender Fluid
People whose gender identity can change over time.
Differences between sexual orientation, behavior, and identity
Sexual orientation: Who you’re attracted to (e.g., straight, gay, bisexual).
Sexual behavior: What sexual actions you engage in.
Sexual identity: How you label yourself based on attraction and feelings (e.g., gay, bisexual).
Impact of gender policing and stereotypes
when society pressures people to act or look a certain way based on gender, leading to shame, anxiety, or depression if they don’t fit those norms.
Compare social learning and biological theories of gender development
social learning is learning gender roles by watching others and getting rewards or punishments.
Biological factors, like hormones and genes, also shape gender behaviour.
gender dysmorphia
when a person feels distress because their gender doesn’t match what they were assigned at birth
treatment options for gender dysmorphia
therapy, surgery, hormone therapy
Sexual dysfunction in DSM-5
labels some normal sexual behaviours as disorders, even if they cause no harm. This has been criticized for pathologizing natural variations.
Trends in gender-affirming care and barriers in Ontario
Gender-affirming care has more access, but challenges like waitlists, restrictions, and high costs remain.
Cultural expectations of gender and attraction
norms differ widley
Role of hormones in sexual behavior
testosterone boosts sexual desire, while estrogen helps with sexual receptiveness.
societal norms and gender roles across cultures
rules for behavior, and gender roles are expectations for men and women. These vary by culture.
Major personality theories
Psychoanalytic (Freud), Behavioral (Skinner), Humanistic (Rogers), Trait (Big Five), Biological, Cognitive.
psychoanaltyic theory
freud
Focuses on unconscious desires and childhood experiences shaping personality.
