FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Maturational view perspective (Gesell)

Answer 1

development driven by maturing of CNS

Question 2

Learning-behavioural view (bandora)

Answer 2

learn through observation, imitation, and reinforcement

Question 3

cognitive-developmental view (Piaget)

Answer 3

making sense of the world through play

Question 4

bioecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 4

development is influenced by multiple environmental systems

Question 5

Ecological perspective (Gibson)

Answer 5

perception and action are coupled

Question 6

information-processing view

Answer 6

motor control involves inputs-> analysis-> outputs

Question 7

schema theory

Answer 7

build motor programs through practice and experience

Question 8

coordinative structures

Answer 8

groups of muscles that act as a single unit in functioning

Question 9

dynamic systems theory

Answer 9

motor development= A complex and non-linear process, emerging from interactions of subsystems

Question 10

neuronal group selection theory

Answer 10

neurons work in groups to coordinate movement and strengthen

Question 11

Newells model of constraints

Answer 11

development is shaped by individual, task, and environmental constraints

Question 12

3 types of reflexes

Answer 12

1. primitive: survival and protection
2. postural: react to gravitational changes
3. locomotor: travel to navigating environment

Question 13

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 13

develop hand-eye coordination

Question 14

symmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 14

independent movement of upper and lower body parts, preparing for coordinated movement

Question 15

labyrinthine righting reflex

Answer 15

corrects orientation of body when it’s taken out of position

Question 16

pull up reflex

Answer 16

maintain upright ness

Question 17

parachute reflex

Answer 17

protect and support when off balance

Question 18

examples of constraints

Answer 18

• lack of strength
• lack of coordination
• lack of synchronization

Question 19

when is proficiency generally seen in skills

Answer 19

by age 6-7

Question 20

motivation is influenced by what 3 factors?

Answer 20

• autonomy
• relatedness
• competence

Question 21

PYD

Answer 21

• strength based approaches instead of deficit reduction approaches

Question 22

what is PYD informed by

Answer 22

RDST (dynamic intervention between individual and their environment)

Question 23

the 5 Cs

Answer 23

1. competence
2. confidence
3. connection
4. character
5. caring/compassion
   all lead to positive youth development

Question 24

PYD intervention strategy examples

Answer 24

• mentorship programs
• youth leadership
• skill building
• family, community, group involvement

Question 25

genetic aging theory

Answer 25

DNA has a cellular clock for how long we'll live for

Question 26

wear and tear aging theory

Answer 26

more we use our body, the more it has to endure

Question 27

free radicals theory

Answer 27

unstable molecules that react at random with other molecules to damage cells

Question 28

cross linking

Answer 28

chemical bods between molecules that renders them useless

Question 29

immune system theories

Answer 29

decline in immune response and ability to distinguish domestic and foreign organisms

Question 30

hormonal theories

Answer 30

our hormones change and reduce immune functioning and production of growth hormone

Question 31

aging theory

Answer 31

more we move, more we delay aging effects

Question 32

Bioecological systems theory (bronfenbrenner)

Answer 32

microsystem: immediate environment mesosystem: interactions between microsystems ecosystem: indirect environment (ex. parents work) macrosystem: culture laws chronosystem: time related influences

Question 33

atypical motor development characteristics

Answer 33

- weakness and hypotonia - coordination and perception - motivation and behaviour

Question 34

information processing theory

Answer 34

- recall and acquire skills - part to whole progression

Question 35

dynamic systems theory

Answer 35

- movemement emerges from multiple subsystems - nonlinear focus on self-discovery, variety and exploration

Question 36

constraints model

Answer 36

- our interactions with context shapes movement patterns - modify task to reduce barriers

Question 37

stodden et al developmental model

Answer 37

- physical activity and motor competence are reciprocally linked - offer PA opportunities to promote positive feedback loop

Question 38

PYD

Answer 38

motor development is a vehicle for holistic growth - provide positive climate for learning

Question 39

socioecological perspectives

Answer 39

motor development is influenced by nested contextual systems - think about changing meso,exo,macro systems

Question 40

SDT - self determination theory:

Answer 40

focuses on 3 psychological needs - competence - autonomy - relatedness