Final Exam Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
3 approaches to reading revelation
A
historic- it was meant for the people in the past
idealistic- it has ideas that apply to all of us throughout generations-symbolic portrayal of good and evil
futuristic- a prophecy for the future
2
Q
pseudipigraphy
A
putting another writers name on a work,
attributing it to that person, common in the ancient world, used to gain credibility- this is a big thing for Paul
3
Q
supersessionism
A
the idea that christians have taken over isrealites as God’s chosen people
4
Q
Justification vs Sanctification
A
Justification: how God saves us
Sanctification: becoming more Holy and more like God
5
Q
hauselfelm
A
a household code
relationships within the extended household within the ancient world: how fathers, mothers, husbands, wives, slaves, children, should relate to one another rightly.
6
Q
diff millenial views
A
premillenialism- people beleve that Jesus will come back before a literal millennial reign. Normally a pessimistic outlooks (Could be dispensational or historic)
Postmillenialism- The belief that the millennium will conclude with the second coming of Christ.
Something that happens within history when the world will get so much better, then Jesus will come back. (optimistic outlook)
amillenialism- a very figurative view, not one set date when things will happen. Figurative of the church age. We are living in a kind of symbolic millenium.-
represents the entire period from Christ’s resurrection to His second coming
7
Q
circumcision is such a problem that he gets really mad about it
A
galations
8
Q
incarnation
A
Jesus is God and Flesh
9
Q
Doctrine of Election
A
God chooses Isreal to bring light to the nations- representatives to the rest of the world
10
Q
Doctrine of Justificiation
A
why and how does Christ redeem us
the process of God saving us from sin and putting us in right relationship with Him
ACTS
11
Q
Doctrine of Sanctification
A
God takes his people and molds them into the image of Jesus
12
Q
Humility
A
putting others before yourself
Phillippians
13
Q
Atonement
A
process by which amends are made for Mans sin
14
Q
Eschatology
A
doctrine of the last things, refera to Second coming, and focuses on the end of time
15
Q
Pseudepigraphy
A
a written work recieving false attributuion- most letter writers has scribes
Acts
16
Q
Christology
A
a bracnh of theology that focuses on the person and work of Jesus Christ understood as an eternal divine figure
17
Q
Parousia
A
the second coming of Christ
18
Q
Exegesis vs Hermeneutics
A
Exegesis: what is meant (to people in that time period)
Hermeneutics: what it means (to people in our time today.)
19
Q
Ascension
A
the event in which Jesus Christ left the physical earth and went up into heaven
20
Q
Incarnational Theology
A
Jesus is fully God and Jesus is fully human
2 natures divine/human
21
Q
Arianism:
A
a herasy denying that Jesus is truly God (more like a prophet)
22
Q
Docetism
A
a heresy that taught that Jesus only appeared to be human, Jesus never became fully man/took on the corruption of human flesh
23
Q
Who wrote Acts
A
-church tradition says Luke wrote it
techincally anonymous
-The second part to Luke-Acts
you can tell cause the language is the same
24
Q
What was the state of the church in Acts
A
-The church in acts is bold in the face of persecution, giving to each as they need and emphasizing community
25
Who was Acts written to?
Theophilus, which translates to "lover of God" or ""Friend of God
(could've been a real person or a representative for anyone who loves God.)
26
What kind of book is Acts?
an example of general history of the church-
Historiography
(not unbiased tho, reports successes of the early church)
27
3 major themes of Acts:
The Holy Spirit is alive and at work and continues the work of God.
The church is a living community empowered by God’s spirit to embody God’s reign over the world.
The christian message of God’s work in the world is good news for all people, Jew, and Gentile. (Universality)`
bonus:
-Centrality of Jerusalem: a home base for missionaries who carry the truth of the Gospel
-God makes promises and Keeps them: He did it before and He can be trusted now
28
needed to delete this one
free 100
29
Who was the author of first Thessalonians
Paul (not much dissagreement about it)
30
When was 1 Thessalonians written (what had happened to Paul)
Paul had been kicked out of Thessalonica, and heard from Timothy about their continued faithfulness
31
Primary Purpose of the writer of 1 Thessalonians
celebrate and cement Pauls relationship with the church, and remind them of what he taught
32
what was the tone of 1 Thessalonians
Praise, ressurection of the Lord, be prepared for the coming of Jesus, encouragement
33
Major themes of 1 Thessalonians
The conduct of Pauls ministry
honor and shame
sexual morality
working for a living
death of believers prior to parousia
34
Author of Philippians
Paul wrote while in prison- unsure when
-written in response to a gift that was received by him
35
Tone of Philippians
friendship letter: joyful, upbeat, encouragingm cementing and celebrating good relations
36
Major themes of Philippians
-incarnation
-pauls pastoral intention
-humility
-suffering
-fellowship
37
Galations known as the _____ letter
angry
38
What are the two theories on when Galations was written:
late 40s CE: written to churches southern galatia- 1st missionary journey
mid 50's: letter written to churches in northern Galatia
39
who were the opponenents in Galatians:
judaizers
40
Major themes in Galatians
-circumcision
-Pauls claim to authority
-Christ and the Law
41
creeds
confessional statements summarizing key articles of faith
42
doxology
a hymn or group of words expressing praise to God
43
Benediction
a blessing often offered after a document or worship service
44
pericope
exerpt from the Bible- basically a story
45
Doctrine
a beleif or set of beliefs held and taught by a church
46
Monotheism
the belief in one God
47
Orthodoxy
teachings consistent with what is true or generally accepted.
48
Heresy
teachings that are inconsistent with what is true or generally accepted
49
Low Christology
Christian doctrine that emphasizes Jesus' humanity
50
High Christology
Christian doctrine that emphasizes Jesus' divine nature
51
Gnosticism
a diverse system of religious beliefs many of them pre-Christian
52
Dualistic+moral dualism
sharp seperation of the spiritual and physical realms
moral dualism says the spiritual realm is good, and the physical realm is evil, spirituality entails a flight from the material world and an embrace of the spiritual
53
Definitions important to Colossians
Orthodoxy+heresy
Christology
Dualism
54
What is the difficulty regarding Jesus that the early church faces in Colossians
there were many diverse claims over who Jesus was, and they had to sort through that heresy
also- had to compare what they know about Jesus to how other religious figures were thought about in the ancient world
55
Christological Heresies (from the section of colossians)
-Adoptionism: Jesus was adopted by God, born as a mere human
-Arianism: Jesus was created by God the Father, this would make him not truly divine
-patripassianism: Jesus and God the Father are the same- meaning God the Father suffers on the cross
-Docetism: Jesus is wholly divine and never took on a literal body.
56
An example of a debate over authorship in the NT is
Colossians
57
What are some of the reasons for or against Paul's potential authorship of Colossians
FOR:
-his name is on the letter
-similar to Paul's work Philemon
-Principal focus of the letters compatible with the Pauline apistles
AGAINST:
-different focus than Paul normally does
-Eschatology is diff than the other Pauline letters
-moral code seems to reflect later in the 1st cen.
-differences in language and style
58
Major Themes of Colossians:
-Jesus the Cosmic Christ: redeemer, creater and ruler of the universe
-Realized Eschatology: the promise of Gods ultimate victory in Christ is a present experience for Christians not just a future to hope for.
-Knowledge and maturity
59
Who was the author of Philemon
paul and timothy
60
what was the primary purpose of Philemon
asking philemon to accept the runaway slave Onesimus with gracce
61
Critical Issues in Philemon
Master Servant relationships
Brotherhood in Christ and the church
62
important theological themes in Philemon
forgiveness
reconcilliation
63
What is the order/debate with Pauls order of writing Corinthians
-Paul writes a letter to corinth and gets a letter back
-then he replies by writing 1 corinthians
-then he visits them and its a painful visit
-writes "The Letter of Tears" (which could probably be part of 2 Cor.)
-they respond well, and timothy tells this to Paul
-Paul writes another letter that is probably another part of 2 corinthians
64
who is the author of Corinthians
Paul
65
primary purpose of 1 Corinthians
deal with problems in the corinthian church leading to division, and answering questions raised by the church
66
Major themes in Corinthians
food sacrificed to Idols
social class relating to communion
sexual ethics
gender relations
worship
ressurection
67
which book talks about cassationism and the 3 views on women in the church
1 Corinthians
68
Cessationism:
the view that miraculous spirtual gifts have ceased
69
non-cessationism
the view that miraculous spiritual gifts are still available to Christians today
70
what are the three views on women in the church
Patriarchalism
Complementarianism
Egalitarianism
71
Patriarchalism
the view that God has given mwn authority in the world, and that women need to be submissive,
either because of the order of creation, or because Eve demonstrated women untrustworthyness in the Garden
72
Complementarianism
the view that God has created men and women as equal partners in creation, but God has ordained each to a different but equal role. Spiritual leadership is a reflection of what God calls men to. Unlike patriarchy, complementarianism argues that male leadership is about service and mutual submission, not authority and domination over women
73
Egalitarianism
a view that sees men and women as equal. The egalitarian view asserts that men and women who are gifted to lead should be called to exercise this gift on equal terms for the sake of God’s kingdom. Thus, egalitarianism leaves open the possibility that women might be called to formal leadership positions in the church if so gifted
74
what is the purpose of 2 Corinthians
To defend Paul’s apostolic abilities
Paul’s relationship with the Corinthian Church had deteriorated during his second visit.
75
critical issues in 2 corinthians
Super Apostles
Collection for Jerusalem
Jars of clay
pauls ministry
boasting
76
who were the super apostles and what book are they from
2 Cor.
False teachers who appeared to be superior to Paul in their manner and authority. Paul calls them “super” in order to mock them.
Paul has to defend himself against opponents saying he is untrustworthy.
They claim he can’t be an adequate teacher since he can’t speak well
They claim that he isn’t confident enough to ask the church to pay him (however he is providing for himself)
Paul says that he wanted to come visit Corinth, but he wasn’t able to and the superapostles are saying he can’t keep his word
77
what is the Jars of clay analogy and where is it from?
God invests his treasure in things we view as weak-
2 Cor.
78
Which books are the pastoral epistles
1 Tim, 2 Tim, Titus
79
why were the pastoral epistes written?
addressing character and church leadership
80
all three pastoral epistles address what?
church government ie, roles of those in the church
Christian leadership qualities
false teachings, (especially in response to gnosticism or over realized eschatology)
81
What are the three explanations for Pauls authorship of the pastoral epistles
Gaps in record
Second Career
Pseudepigraphic
82
what was 1 tim. about
1 Tim. - Addressed to Timothy. 1 Timothy has a household code, in which women are subordinate to men, and the domestic sphere is their natural place. Paul also describes women as temptresses and manipulators. Calls all Christians and to live a Godly life for the sake of the Gospel.
83
what is 2 tim about
2 Tim. - Addressed to Timothy. Paul tells Timothy to focus on the Truth, and that the gospel should and Jesus will endure forever, and this gives help through times of hardship. Paul also calls out unorthodoxy.
84
what is titus about
Addressed to Titus, a possible mediator between Paul and the Corinthian Church. Calls out false teachings.
85
Glossolia
tongue speaking
86
apocalyptic expectation
the belief that Jesus is returning imminently
87
sacraments
mundane practices that are vested with deep spiritual significance- important to pastoral epistles
88
Pseudopigraphic
authorship not attributed to the actual person who wrote the book
89
what is the basic thesis of Romans
Salvation from God for those of Faith
90
romans addresses a conflict between what two groups of people
jews and gentiles
91
what was Pauls purpose in writing romans
to intro himself to roman church hoping they'll support his mission work
92
Themes of Romans
-unviersal gospel
-Gods righteousness
-Justification through Faith
-the nature of sanctification
-the fate of isreal
93
who wrote romans
paul
94
Major Themes of Ephesians
Mysterious plan of God: concerns God’s plan to unite all things in christ; in christ, God gathers up all things, breaks down the barriers that divide humanity
-2 signs that this plan of God is realized: holy spirit and unity of church
-Elevation of the church
-Idealized status of believers
-Spiritual warfare
95
who wrote ephesians
Paul
96
who wrote Hebrews
anonymous
97
who was hebrews written for
second gen christains
who were in danger of being apathetic
98
99
major themes of Hebrews
-Restoration for Sinners is Impossible
-Divine Rest
-Jesus as High Priest
-Christianity and Judaism
-Christology
100
What does Hewbrews say about Jesus being the High priest
The priesthood of Melchizedek is considered eternal/superior to other priesthoods
Metaphor of Jesus being part of this priesthood as the most superior priest
101
what does hebrews say about Christianity and Judaism
Counters the argument that Christianity is a subset of Judaism
Christianity is superior because:
Jesus is greater than any Jewish figure (Moses, etc)
Jesus’ sacrifice is greater than any sacrifice through the Jewish covenant
and that one couldn't be Christian without being a jew first- circumsion
102
who wrote James
James
103
major themes in James
-Trials and Temptations
(Produce more mature faith
God does not give temptations)
-Wisdom from Above
-Faith and Works
(“Faith without works is dead”
Your faith should produce works
Not in contrast with Paul)
-Rich and Poor
104
who wrote 1+2 Peter
probably peter
105
wisdom literature
Biblical and other ancient materials that focus on common sense observations about life; examples include the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes.
(1 peter)
106
"The Elect"
: Those chosen by God, predestined for salvation or other special purpose.
107
why was 1 peter written
Was written to encourage its recipients, to testify to them about what makes up the “true grace of God”, and to urge them to hold strong in that belief.
108
major themes of 1 Peter
suffering abuse for Christ
christians as the new isreal
baptism and spiritual growth
submission to earthly authorities
109
2 thesalonians auhtor
Paul
110
why was 2 thess written
-The letter was written to address a rumor in the Thessalonian church that “the day of the Lord” had already come.
Also addressing two concerns:
-Virulent Persecutions of Christians
-The misinterpretation of doctrine that threatens to undermine faith.
111
major themes of 2 thessalonians
Certainty of Judgement
the coming of the lawless one
problem of idelness
112
what was the certainty of judgment form 2 thess
Paul ensures to Chrisitian believers that Judgement from God will come, specifically to those who persecute Christians.
All opponents of Jews and Gentiles will “suffer the punishment of eternal destruction” (1:9)
113
what was the coming of the lawless one in 2 thess
Lawless one is the enemy of Christ, and until he has revealed himself and “the rebellion comes”, as Paul says, the second coming of Jesus cannot occur
114
what was The Problem of Idleness in 2 thess
Addresses the individuals in the church who are unwilling to work, saying they should be excluded from community meals (3:10). This was not speaking on people who were unable to work, only those choosing not to.
115
major themes of 2 peter
Delay of Parousia
God wants to give people a chance to repent
Certainty of judgment
116
who wrote jude
jude- but we dont really know who it is- borhter of janmes
117
to whom is james written
the beloved
118
why was james written
to get believers to fight for the faith
grow in the faith
build others up in the faith
pray in the holy spirit and practice mercy
119
major themes of james
certainty of judgement
fate of false believers is condemnation
apostolic faith
120
major themes of Revelation
unveiling
the corruption of human society
judgment of God
God controls the future
worship
121
what letter do we encounter the writer writing to a slave owner
Philemon- Onesimus is the salve
122
What does Romans say the fate of isreal is?
All of Israel will be saved
123
What letter do we encounter the superapostles in
2 corinthians
124
what is Pauls attitude towards marriage, and how does it change as Pauls view of eschatology changes
at first he says "dont do it cause Jesus is coming back"
then when he realizes its gonna be a minute he's like low key get married
125
what city is centered in the book of acts
jerusalem
126
what letter is circumcision a focus of
Galations
127
Summary of the difference between the old perspective on Paul vs. the New perspective?
Perspectives of scholars on how to understand Paul’s message. He is arguing against works-based salvation.
Old perspective - Paul is focused on denying the human role in salvation. Only the work of God = salvation. (what you find in a lot of Christian circles)
New perspective - Works are talking about the works of the covenant. The point is that Gentiles don’t have to become Jews by fulfilling the old law, not about works-based faith at all. (When Paul is arguing against works of law, what he is saying to Gentiles - hou no longer have to do the works of the Old covenant to be saved. Not arguing against legalism, doing things to earn your salvation, (not in the mind of his opponents)
New Perspective: that there were things that were required to be a part of Israel, those things have gone away to be a Christian.
Taking all those other marks for being a Christian and saying they are inconsequential.
128
what letter had to do with fundraising for the church
2 cor
129
What is the theological significance of the collection of the church in Jerusalem?
A practical way of illustrating how God is breaking down the wall between Jews and Gentiles.
130
Which letter is the sister letter to Colossians?
ephesians
131
Which book deals with wisdom literature
James
132
Which letter focuses a lot on realized eschatolog
colossians
133
Which book talks about idol meats
1 corinth
134
whyb was Paul angry in Galations
because people were saying you had to be circumsized to become Christian
135
What is a letter all scholars agree was written by Paul?
1 corinth
136
what is a pseudopigraphic letter
colossians
137
What is canon?
The canon literally means “standard,” like the standard by which things are measured. Not all Christians agree on what should be included in the canon.
138
circumcision significance
A main problem in Galatians- they think they have to become Jewish/be circumcised before they can become Christians.
Comes from Genesis, mark of the Abrahamic Covenant
139
suffering in context of Philippians
in faith suffering is something God ccalls us to do
140
why was Luke Acts written (The 4 reasons)
1 Catechesis- to instruct Christians in the truth of the Christian Faith
2. Evangelism, to appeal to non Christians in a genre that would be familiar to them
3. Apology- defending the Christian community in the face of rumors of threats
4. could be presenting the faith to 2nd gen Christians or to address concerns that Christians would rebel against rome
141
What eschatological issue does Paul address in 1 Thess?
The church of Thessalonica was concerned about their dead loved ones and when the return of Jesus would happen. He eased their concern about the dead will be raised with Christ first, and “then those who are alive will be caught up together with Him in the clouds.” They were worried about it happening in their lifetime and how it would play out.
142
the langauge in luke acts is
ellegant and educated
143
ecclesiology
study of the church
144
gnosticism
God and Spiritual realm is good, all physical realm is bad
145
There were several apparent sources of division in the church in 1 Corinthians, what were they
loyalty to different church leaders,
-socials/class divisions (ex Lords Supper)
-different attitudes about Sex
-spiritual gifts (prioritizing tongue speaking)
-different attitudes towards idol meats
146
Who were the pastoral Epistles addressed to?
individuals charged with oversight of congreagations
147
What was the primary purpose of the pastoral epistles
Write to pastors to advise and correct churches
-What you teach affects how you behave
-To be a good leader, family should be in order
-Faithfulness
148
What was the “Gaps in the Record” Theory to explain authorship of the Pastoral Epistles
We are missing key information about Pauls life and ministry, The pastoral epistles provide a window into trips and locations that were not mentioned in the other Pauline letters.
149
What was the “Second Career” Theory to explain Pauls authorship of the Pastoral Epistles
Paul survived the Roman imprisonment in Acts, leading him to have a second career as a missions. This theory depends on a letter that describes Paul traveling to the extreme west- sent by Clement a roman Bishop
150
what was the Pseudepigraphic theory about the authorship of the pastoral epistles.
the letters were writen by someone else to continue on the Pauline legacy. The situations that are describe in the pastoral letters are literally constructs designed to extend Pauls message to the church in the late 1st-early 2nd century.
151
Primary purpose of Colossians
addressing the COlossian Heresy
we dont know exactly what that was but it could’ve been gnosticism
152
What was the critical issue of the church from Colossians
the community is following the rules of the world, possibly combining Christianity with either Jewish or philosophical customs.
153
Syncretism
the merging of two or more religions
(Colossians)
154
two natures doctrine
the Orhtodox Christian believe that Jesus Christ was a single person who was fully God and fully human.
(Colossians)
155
super apostles
who were they and why were they called that?
false teacher who appeared to be superior to Pual in their manner and authority. Paul calls them “super” in order to mock them
(2 cor)
156
Colection for jerusalem
a fundraising effort conductged by the apostle Paul among gentle believers on belhd of Jewish believers in Jerusalem.
(2nd Corinthians)
157
Why are the super-apostles an issue
Paul has to defend his ministry against opponent who is saying he is untrustworthy
158
sufficiency/preeminence of Christ was an important theological theme in Colossians- what the heck does that mean?
“He is the firstborn of creation” and “by Him all things were created”
159
Life in Christ was an important theological theme in Colossians, what did it mean
The Christians do not need to adhere to the philosophy of the world because they have new life in Christ, they need not be “disqualified” by those who argue that there are certain rituals Christians need to follow.
160
The New Self was an important theological theme in Colossians- what did it mean?
put away the earthly desires because Christ has given his followers a new self
161
162
Knowledge and maturity was an important theological theme in Colossians- what did it mean?
in Christ we have all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge
163
What metaphor does Paul use to describe church unity in 1 Corinthians/
a body
164
What is happening in 1 Corinth when they celebrate the Lords Supper
It’s super class-ist/ the rich people get all the food, and the poor people starve
165
Spiritual gifts: what does Paul say about spiritual gifts and Christian unity? What does Paul say is central to Christian relationships (see 1 Cor 13).
Paul says that there are tons of different spiritual gifts but ultimately all must be used to help the body of Christ, also none are better than another because a bunch of them were obsessed with speaking in tongues. Love is central to Christian relationships
166
False teachinng and Sound doctrine was an important theological theme in which section
the pastoral epistles
