Final Exam Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
Maxixe
A
- began in late 19th century
- Music and dance tradition related to polka and tango
- Has an international audience
2
Q
Choro
A
- began in early 20th Century
- Small ensemble of guitars and lead wind instrument (Flute or clarinet)
- Saxophones and jazz instruments, and vocalists were later added
3
Q
Batuque
A
the African ritual
dance
4
Q
Importance of Carnival
A
- Samba schools get together to make floats that represent a theme
5
Q
Key ethnic groups in Brazil’s history and for samba development
A
Salvador, Bahia (Little Africa) and Rio
6
Q
Candomble
A
african religion
7
Q
samba enredo
A
themed samba schools
8
Q
Samba School and the impact on samba?
A
Vargas/Estado Novo (New State), preserving the ideas of samba, showing it through carnival and telling a story through samba
9
Q
puxador
A
lead singer
10
Q
cavaquinho
A
small Portuguese guitar
11
Q
Bateria
A
percussion ensemble
the whole sound, collection of players
12
Q
Cuica
A
- Drum with stick through middle
- Makes different noises based on where your finger is/ pulling the stick
- Talking drum
13
Q
Bossa Nova, what is it? How is it related to samba?
A
- began with artists such as Jobim, Moraes, and Gilberto
- Original intent was to create an intimate version of samba
14
Q
Tropicalia
A
- Key Figures: Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil
- Musical style featured influences from bossa nova, rock, indigenous folk music, Portuguese and African traditions
- Political/nationalist ideas expressed
15
Q
Musica Popular Brasileira
A
- MPB
- new label for brazillian music
- large category of musical expression from a variety of artists
(1975-2000)
16
Q
What are the Africanisms in music making
A
- call and response
- prominent improvisation
- rhythmic grooves/repetitiveness
- unusual timbres
- layered or interlocked percussion and/or instruments
- Deep connection with spiritual ideas
- enculturation over formal education
- making something of nothing
17
Q
How did Mbube singing start?
A
From Solomon and the Evening birds, they sang it with Gallo records recording it, it means lion
18
Q
Who are Solomon Linda and the Evening Birds
A
made mbube singing popular
19
Q
Who is Eric Gallo
A
- Italian immigrantFounded Gallo Record Company and contributed to the music industry in Africa
20
Q
Who is Ladysmith Black Mambazo
A
Group who sang the style of Isicathamiya, a soft tiptoe sound
accapella vocal group
21
Q
Who is Mariam Makeba
A
- Mama Africa
- Popular Jazz singer in South Africa
22
Q
What is Marabi/Kwela
A
- Music that includes modern instruments
- Marabi is an early style of popular south african music with western styles
23
Q
Mbaqanga music
A
Marabi/Kwela + rock and roll, soul music (1950s forward)
24
Q
Mahotella Queens
A
- Vocalist from South Africa
- Recorded in Gallo Records
25
Kwaito music
- So. African house music (2000s)
- South African hiphop, includes kwela and mbaqanga
26
Classic Highlife
- From Ghana
- Brass band dance musical for the social elites in British occupied Ghana
- E.T Mensah is a highlife singer
27
American jazz and Caribbean influences
- From Ghana, lead by a pennywhistle soloist
28
Where is juju music from
Nigeria
29
What is Juju music?
- Paralleled the development of Ghanaian highlife
- Includes flute, tambourine, lead vocalist, dundun drum
30
Who is King Sunny Ade
nigerian singer who sings Ja Funmi
31
Where is Kind Sunny Ade from
Nigeria
32
What is the Dun Dun drum
- Drum where you have too hold under armpit and squeeze the strings to make different noises
- used with Juju music, african instrument
33
Afro-beat
- Nigerian music style that parallels juju and highlife, but focuses on percussion and is influenced by improvisational jazz
- Fela Kuti
34
Praise Singers/Mali and Mande people (griot)
- Jalolu
- Professional artists who narrate oral history, Islamic prayers, praise songs to paramount chiefs and leaders
- Accompanied by kora (harp) and balafon (marimba)
35
What is/ where is Soukous music from?
- Central congo
- Traditional music with American influences (jazz, R & B, soul, pop, hip hop)
- Sebene guitar style
- French language
36
What is Sebene guitar style
repetitive guitar melodies played throughout songs as accompaniment to singer. Imitates mbira/thumb piano concept. Common to soukous music.
37
Focus Example: Hello My Baby
- Genre: mbube
- Artist: Ladysmith Black Mamba
- Country: South Africa
- All male acappella choir
38
Focus Example: Kazet
- Genre: Mbaqanga
- Mahlathini and Mahotella Queens
- South Africa
- Instruments: Electric guitars, bass, synthesizer, drums
- Language: Mostly Zulu and English
39
Focus Example: Ghana Guinea Mali
- Country: Ghana
Artist: E.T. Mensah
Genre: Highlife
- Instruments: Saxophone, trumpet, trombone, bass, conga drums
Language: English with commentary about african independence
40
Focus Example: Ja Jumni
- Nigeria
- Genre: Juju
- Artist: King Sunny Ade
- Instruments: Electrical guitars, pedal steel guitar, dun dun drum
41
Focus Example: A Todo Vapor
- Samba School Bateria
- Brazil
- Artist: Escola De Samba Nocidade Independante de Padre Miguel
- Instruments: percission, surdos, cuica
- Timbre: Cuica squeeks throughout
42
Focus Example: Aquarela Braileira
- Themed Samba
- Brazil
- Artist: Ary Barroso with background singers
- Language: Portuguese
- Instruments: Chorodphones, cavaquinho
43
Focus Example: Girl From Ipanema
- Bossa Nova
- Brazil
- Instruments: Saxophone, guitar, piano, bass
- Language: Portugese with english lyrics and themes
44
What Focus Example has africanism present?
- Focus Example: Ja Fumni
-This song shows call and response, KSA says something and the audience recalls it back there is also interactive drumming
