Final Exam

Question 1

What was the matter in the case of Zucht v. King?

Answer 1

In this case, based on city ordinances, public officials excluded a student from public school because she did not have the required certificate and refused to submit to vaccination. She was also excluded from private schools..

Question 2

What was the decision in the case of Zucht v. King?

Answer 2

The Supreme Court held that the ordinances conferred not arbitrary power to public officials, but only the broad discretion required for the protection of public health.

Question 3

What was the matter in the case of Zoneraich v. Overlook Hospital?

Answer 3

In this case, after holding a number of hearings at which the doctor was represented by counsel, the hospital terminated the doctor’s membership on its medical staff. The doctor filed a complaint in court.

Question 4

What did the court decide in the case of Zoneraich v. Overlook Hospital?

Answer 4

The court held that judicial review of hospital decisions about administration to the Medical Staff, extent of privileges, and termination was limited to whether there was sufficient, reliable evidence.

Question 5

What was the matter in the case of Nanavati v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hospital?

Answer 5

In this case, the privileges of the doctor to practice medicine as a cardiologist were suspended by the hospital for alleged misconduct.

Question 6

What did the court decide in the case of Nanavati v. Burdette Tomlin Memorial Hospital?

Answer 6

The court held that in order for the decision of the hospital to be affirmed, it only had to be supported by sufficient credible evidence.

Question 7

What was the matter in the case of City of New York v. Antoinette?

Answer 7

Due to the resurgence of TB in New York, the Health Code was amended to permit detention of individuals infected with TB who demonstrate an inability to voluntarily comply with appropriate medical treatment. The patient was diagnosed with active TB, hospitalized three times, but refused to complete his medical treatment. The Commissioner filed a petition to detain him in the hospital to ensure compliance.

Question 8

What did the court decide in the case of City of New York v. Antoinette?

Answer 8

The court rejected the patient’s claim and found that he was unable to comply with a treatment program in a less restrictive environment. The court also found that he does not have self-discipline to complete a program outside of hospital confinement

Question 9

What was the matter in the case of Jacobson v. Massachusetts?

Answer 9

In this case, the defendant objected to compulsory smallpox vaccination. He alleged the vaccination program was an unreasonable invasion of privacy.

Question 10

What did the court decide in the case of Jacobson v. Massachusetts?

Answer 10

The State Supreme Court held that the vaccination program was constitutional. The Supreme Court affirmed and ruled that the vaccination program had a real and substantial relation to the protection of public health and safety.

Question 11

What was the matter in the case of Jew Ho v. Williamson?

Answer 11

In this case, Jew Ho was a resident grocer in the district. He complained that a quarantine was affecting his business because customers could not enter the area. The plaintiff alleged that he was being unlawfully restrained of his liberty and illegally deprived of his property. The issue was whether the regulation was reasonable.

Question 12

What did the court decide in the case of Jew Ho v. Williamson?

Answer 12

The court held that the quarantine was ineffective, discriminatory, and unreasonable.

Question 13

What was the matter in the case of Pelman v. McDonald’s?

Answer 13

In this case, the plaintiffs, parents of juveniles, sued McDonald’s under the Consumer Protection Act, New York General Business Law Sections 349, 250. The juveniles were consumers who purchased and consumed McDonald’s products and alleged that such consumption was a significant or substantial factor in the development of their adverse health effects and/or diseases.

Question 14

What did the court decide in the case of Pelaman v. McDonald’s?

Answer 14

The court said that it is well known that fast food is fattening. The juveniles, through their parents, knew or should have known critical facts. The court states that the vague allegations of reliance on a long-term deceptive campaign were insufficient to satisfy the statute. The court stated that they failed the draw a link between consumption and injuries. The court granted McDonald’s motion to dismiss.

Question 15

Upon appeal, what did the court decide in the case of Pelman v. McDonald’s?

Answer 15

The Appeals Court held that the allegation that the restaurant’s food caused the adverse health conditions was sufficient to overcome a motion to dismiss. Also, any information about other possible causes of the children’s conditions was proper for subsequent discovery. The lower court order was remanded. Following the case, Congress reacted and passed the Personal Responsibility in Food Consumption Act (2005).

Question 16

What was the matter in the case of Ricks v. Budge?

Answer 16

In this case, Budge, a doctor, ceased treating Ricks due to an unpaid account.

Question 17

What did the court decide in the case of Ricks v. Budge?

Answer 17

A doctor cannot unilaterally cease treating a patient due to a lack of payment.

Question 18

What was the matter in the case of Sokol v. Akron?

Answer 18

In this case, Sokol claimed that Akron General Hospital abused its discretion in limiting his hospital privileges.

Question 19

What did the court decide in the case of Sokol v. Akron?

Answer 19

The court decided that the board of trustees of a private hospital has broad discretion in determining who shall be permitted to have staff privileges.

Question 20

What was the matter in the case of Re TACP?

Answer 20

In this case, the parents of an anencephalic child sought to have their child declared dead so that her organs could be donated.

Question 21

What did the court decide in the case of Re TACP?

Answer 21

An anencephalic newborn is “not dead” for purposes of organ donation solely by reason of its congenital deformity.

Question 22

What was the matter in the case of Davis v. Davis?

Answer 22

In this case, Junior Davis filed for divorce. Mary Sue Davis sought control of the seven frozen embryos stored in a fertility clinic.

Question 23

What did the court decide in the case of Davis v. Davis?

Answer 23

Where the party seeking control of pre-embryos intends merely to donate them to another couple, the objecting party has the greater interest and should prevail.

Question 24

What was the matter in the case of Public Health Trust of Dade County v. Wons?

Answer 24

In this case, Wons, a Jehovah’s Witness, refused to consent to a blood transfusion while still conscious and competent.

Question 25

What did the court decide in the case of Public Health Trust of Dade County v. Wons?

Answer 25

A competent adult has a lawful right to refuse, for religious reasons, blood transfusions without which death may result.

Question 26

What was the matter of Humphers v. First Interstate Bank of Oregon?

Answer 26

In this case, Humphers sought to hold the estate of the late Mackey, a doctor, liable for divulging information which allowed her daughter, who had been given up at birth for adoption, to find her.

Question 27

What did the court decide in the case of Humphers v. First Interstate Bank of Oregon?

Answer 27

A physician who divulges information about a patient that allows her adopted child to locate her may be liable for damages.

Question 28

What was the matter in the case of Truman v. Thomas?

Answer 28

In this case, Truman claimed that Thomas never informed his decedent of the risk of refusing to undergo a pap smear.

Question 29

What did the court decide in the case of Truman v. Thomas?

Answer 29

A doctor may be liable for injury resulting from a failure to warn a patient of the risks of declining a medical procedure.

Question 30

What was the matter in the case of Muse v. Charter Hospital?

Answer 30

In this case, Muse was discharged from Charter Hospital against his doctor’s wishes because his insurance had expired.

Question 31

What did the court decide in the case of Muse v. Charter Hospital?

Answer 31

Hospitals have a duty not to institute policies or practices that require patients to be discharged because their insurance has expired and against the medical judgement of a doctor.

Question 32

Studies show that promotional efforts by pharmaceutical companies have a direct impact on what?

Answer 32

What physicians prescribe.

Question 33

The pharmaceutical industry annually spends an estimated what per physician on marketing prescription drugs?

Answer 33

$13,000.

Question 34

Vendor gift-giving and other marketing practices may impact what?

Answer 34

Medical judgement.

Question 35

Vendor gift giving may also violate federal and state laws, such as what?

Answer 35

1.) Anti-Kickback Statute 2.) False Claims Act 3.) Prescription Drug Manufacturers Act

Question 36

The Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits what?

Answer 36

Payments in any form, made purposely to induce or reward a referral or to generate federal health care business.

Question 37

The most common potentially illegal physician-vendor relationships include what?

Answer 37

1.) Speaking Engagements 2.) Consulting 3.) Ghost Writing of Papers and Speeches

Question 38

What medical professional organizations urge their members to avoid gifts?

Answer 38

1.) The American College of Physicians 2.) The American Society of Internal Medicine 3.) American Osteopathic Association

Question 39

The pharmaceutical industry has also taken steps to address the vendor marketing approach with physicians through what entities?

Answer 39

1.) Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America - PhRMA 2.) Advanced Medical Technology Association - Adva Med 3.) International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations - IFMA

Question 40

The Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the Dept. of HHS has enforced recoveries against what?

Answer 40

TAP, pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer.

Question 41

There are fraudulent schemes by some operators of MRI scanning centers to submit false claims to private insurers and patients. This causes what?

Answer 41

The scheme causes excessive billing, and provides unlawful kickbacks to referring physicians.

Question 42

The Stark Anti-Referral Laws prohibit a physician from referring a patient to an entity in which the referring physician or a member of his immediate family has what?

Answer 42

A financial interest for the provision of certain “designated health services” that are reimbursed by Medicare or Medicaid.

Question 43

The Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits any person from knowingly what?

Answer 43

Offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting payment to induce services paid by Medicare or Medicaid.

Question 44

A person who violates the Anti-Kickback Statute may be subject to what?

Answer 44

Criminal or civil penalties and may be banned from participating in the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

Question 45

The most recent comprehensive federal health law is what?

Answer 45

The Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) on March 23, 2010.

Question 46

The ACA was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court on?

Answer 46

June 28, 2012.

Question 47

What are the 2 key provisions in the Supreme Court opinion that upheld the ACA?

Answer 47

1.) The Supreme Court ruled that the Individual Mandate cannot be applied under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, but was upheld as valid under Congress’ taxing authority. 2.) The Supreme Court upheld the expansion of Medicaid, but limited the sanctions about state compliance.

Question 48

The health information of patients who receive treatment for substance abuse or a mental illness is what?

Answer 48

Subject to stricter confidentiality requirements than the health information of patients receiving medical care in an acute care setting.

Question 49

The legal and regulatory requirements about health information involving home healthcare derive from multiple sources, such as?

Answer 49

1.) The Medicare Conditions of Participation 2.) State Laws and Regulations 3.) Accreditation Standards

Question 50

The HIPAA Privacy Rule defines confidential health information as what?

Answer 50

Protected Health Information (PHI).

Question 51

Healthcare providers are obligated to keep patient information what?

Answer 51

Confidential.

Question 52

A patient’s right to privacy has what?

Answer 52

It has constitutional, statutory, common law, and international bases.

Question 53

The health information protected under HIPAA contains identifiers by which an individual can be recognized. Individual identifiers under HIPAA can include what?

Answer 53

1.) Name 2.) All address information. 3.) Dates, including birth, death, admission, discharge, and any data indicating age. 4.) Telephone Numbers 5.) Fax Numbers 6.) Email Address 7.) Social Security Number 8.) Health Record Number 9.) Health plan beneficiary number. 10.) Account Numbers 11.) Certificate/License Numbers 12.) Vehicle Identifiers 13.) Device Identifiers 14.) URLs 15.) IP Addresses 16.) Biometric Identifiers 17.) Facial Photographs 18.) Any other unique identifying number, characteristic, or code.

Question 54

The HIPAA Privacy Rule requires that healthcare providers issue what to each patient?

Answer 54

A Notice of Privacy Practice.

Question 55

What does the Notice of Privacy Practice inform the patient?

Answer 55

The duties of the healthcare provider about PHI, including how the provider may use and disclose PHI, with whom PHI will be shared, and the safeguards for PHI.

Question 56

The doctrine of informed consent imposes a duty on the healthcare provider to what?

Answer 56

Obtain consent to treatment and also disclose to the patient, in an adequate manner, the nature of the treatment or procedure, the risks involved, any available alternatives, and the expected benefits of treatment.

Question 57

The HIPAA Privacy Rules establish a patient’s right of what?

Answer 57

Access to their own health information.

Question 58

The HIPAA Security Safeguards involve what?

Answer 58

1.) Administrative safeguards with eight standards (Regulation Section 164.308). 2,) Physical safeguards with four standards (Regulation Section 164.310). 3.) Technical safeguards with five standards (Regulation Section 164.312).

Question 59

The HIPAA Security Rule establishes what?

Answer 59

Security safeguards for protected health information that a covered entity creates, receives, maintains, or transmits in an electronic format.

Question 60

Who has an interest in government relations as it relates to the healthcare system?

Answer 60

1.) Patients 2.) Providers 3.) Payors 4.) Suppliers 5.) Insurance Carriers

Question 61

What are patients interested in regarding healthcare?

Answer 61

1.) Access 2.) Quality 3.) Safety/Privacy/Security 4.) Provider Relations (doctor-patient) 5.) Payment/Reimbursement

Question 62

What are healthcare providers interested in?

Answer 62

1.) Hospitals 2.) Outpatient Ambulatory Centers 3.) Physicians 4.) Nurses 5.) Allied Health Providers

Question 63

What is the government interested in regarding healthcare?

Answer 63

1.) Licensure/Inspection 2.) Certificate of Need (what’s the need/why?) 3.) Disclosure 4.) Adverse Events 5.) Adverse Actions Against Providers

Question 64

What is a root cause analysis (RCA)?

Answer 64

A process for identifying the causal factors of a medical error that may result in a sentinel event.

Question 65

What are the requirements for an RCA?

Answer 65

1.) Mandatory reporting of serious preventable adverse events. 2.) Description of the adverse event. 3.) How it was discovered. 4.) Patient information. 5.) Immediate corrective action(s) taken. 6.) Complete serious preventable adverse event root cause analysis - RCA.

Question 66

There is a trend where the healthcare providers act as a trustee for the patient’s benefit to create, receive, and protect patient-specific health information. This trend involves the introduction of what?

Answer 66

Health records banks, which are repositories of personal health records (PHRS) in electronic form operated by government or commercial entities.

Question 67

Like a financial bank, health records bank involve what?

Answer 67

Depositors and withdrawers or health information.

Question 68

Who may have access to patient’s health record?

Answer 68

1.) The patient. 2.) Third parties with valid release of information order. 3.) Medical researchers with regulatory requirements; that is regulated by institutional review boards. 4.) Access by business associate. 5.) Access pursuant to reporting laws. 6.) Access to adoption records.

Question 69

Virtually all private employers, employment agencies, and labor organizations in the U.S. are affected by what?

Answer 69

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964).

Question 70

Antidiscrimination laws are designed to promote what?

Answer 70

Justice and rights.

Question 71

Antidiscrimination laws prohibit what?

Answer 71

Discrimination in the workplace, such as sexual, racial, religious, and national origin, age, and genetic discrimination.

Question 72

Healthcare employers may have to process what?

Answer 72

Employee eligibility verification forms requesting documentation.

Question 73

How many notable federal employment laws are there?

Answer 73

20, which are listed below: 1.) Age Discrimination in Employment Act 2.) Americans with Disabilities Act 3.) Civil Rights Act of 1964 4.) Drug-Free Workplace Act 5.) Employment Retirement Income Security Act 6.) Equal Employment Opportunity Act 7.) Equal Pay Act 8.) Fair Credit Reporting Act 9.) Fair Labor Standards Act 10.) Family Medical Leave Act 11.) Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act 12.) Immigration Reform and Control Act 13.) Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act 14.) National Labor Relations Act 15.) Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act 16.) Occupational Safety and Health Act 17.) Older Workers’ Benefit Protection Act 18.) Pregnancy Discrimination Act 19.) Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act 20.) Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

Question 74

What does payment/reimbursement insurance ask?

Answer 74

1.) Who can pay for services? 2.) How much should they pay? 3.) How quickly should they pay?

Question 75

Who do patients go to for payment/reimbursement inquiries?

Answer 75

The Department of Banking and Insurance.

Question 76

What are two issues in healthcare fraud and abuse?

Answer 76

1.) Upcoding, which involves submitting a bill for a higher level of reimbursement than actually rendered in order to receive a higher reimbursement. 2.) Unbounding, which involves submitting separate bills for each component of a procedure instead of using a proper code for the entire procedure.

Question 77

A compliance plan is a healthcare organization's roadmap to what?

Answer 77

Compliance.

Question 78

What are the 3 policies and procedures offered by a compliance plan?

Answer 78

1.) Represent the organization’s response to day to day risks. 2.) Identify and determine response to risk areas. 3.) Periodic review.

Question 79

A Code of Conduct is part of the Compliance Plan that articulates the organization’s commitment to what?

Answer 79

1.) Ethical Behavior 2.) Values 3.) Culture

Question 80

Violators of compliance are subject to what integrity requirements?

Answer 80

1.) Corporate Integrity Agreements 2.) Comprehensive Compliance Plan 3.) Independent Audits of Compliance Program 4.) Oversight of Inspector General (OIG) Office

Question 81

The first permanent general hospital in the U.S. built specifically to care for the sick was what and when?

Answer 81

The Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia (Penn Hospital) in 1752.

Question 82

What hosptial was established after Penn Hospital and when?

Answer 82

New York Hospital, chartered in 1771.

Question 83

What hospital was established after New York Hospital and when?

Answer 83

The Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston in 1821.

Question 84

What is an epidemic?

Answer 84

When there is a sudden and severe local or regional outbreak.

Question 85

What is an endemic?

Answer 85

When a disease is constantly present in an area.

Question 86

What is a hypoendemic?

Answer 86

When a disease occurs occasionally at low levels in different locations.

Question 87

What is a hyperendemic?

Answer 87

When a disease occurs with intense transmission.

Question 88

What is a pandemic?

Answer 88

When a disease spreads worldwide.

Question 89

Public health has 3 overlapping powers of detention known as what?

Answer 89

1.) Isolation of known infectious persons. 2.) Quarantine of healthy persons exposed to disease. 3.) Civil confinement, which is compulsory hospitalization for care and treatment.

Question 90

The World Health Organization regards health as what?

Answer 90

A state of complete well-being, which is more than the absence of disease.

Question 91

What are the 8 aspects of a managed care healthcare plan?

Answer 91

1A.) Members receive care from the healthcare providers within the network. 2A.) Plans include coverage and treatment of illness or accident. 3A.) Any necessary care from a specialist or through a hospital is generally authorized by a primary-care physician and arranged by the HMO. 4A.) Generally, managed care plans include no deductibles or coinsurance requirements for care given within the plan’s network. 5A.) Managed care plans cover most or all of the care provided within the network, but do not cover care outside of the network. 6A.) Under managed care structures, the plan arranges for and is responsible for the care given the patient. 7A.) Managed care plans do not involve paperwork for the patient. There are no claim forms. 8A.) Generally, premiums are lower in managed care plans, particularly HMOs, than under fee service plans.

Question 92

What are the 8 aspects of a fee-for-service healthcare plan?

Answer 92

1B.) Patient selects any physician or provider. 2B.) Plan generally covers treatment of illness or accident, not routine or preventative care. 3B.) The insured may have to notify an insurer in advance of specialty or hospital care. However, traditional fee-for-service plans do not place restrictions on this care. 4B.) Fee-for-service plans include deductibles and coinsurance requirements. 5B.) Under fee-for-service plans, there is no inside of network, outside of network issue. All care provided is subject to the same rules contained in the health plan. 6B.) Under fee, the physicians and healthcare providers are responsible for the care given to a patient. The insurer is not involved. 7B.) Under traditional health plans, the physician or patient must complete forms in order to receive reimbursement from the insurer. 8B.) Commonly, premiums in fee-for-service plans are 20% higher than in HMO plans.

Question 93

What are the qualifications for Licensed Practical Nurses?

Answer 93

Typically, they have a high school degree. They take one year of a state-approved program of classroom and clinical instruction, and must pass a national examination.

Question 94

What are the qualifications for Registered Nurses?

Answer 94

Typically, they have one of the following. 1.) A two-year college degree in nursing. 2.) A four-year college degree in nursing. 3.) A diploma from an approved nursing program, usually run by a hospital.

Question 95

What are the qualifications for Advanced Practice Nurses?

Answer 95

They are the most highly trained nurses. Typically, they have a master’s degree or the equivalent training and perform highly skilled duties.

Question 96

What are the qualifications for physicians?

Answer 96

A bachelor's degree, a medical degree (MD or DO), completion of residency program, and the receiving of a license.

Question 97

What does a primary care physician focus on?

Answer 97

1.) General and family practice. 2.) Internal medicine. 3.) Pediatrics. 4.) Geriatrics.

Question 98

What are some of the areas medical specialty physicians focus on?

Answer 98

1.) Allergy and immunology. 2.) Cardiology. 3.) Critical care. 4.) Dermatology. 5.) Endocrinology.

Question 99

What are some of the areas surgical speciality physicians focus on?

Answer 99

1.) General surgery. 2.) Colorectal surgery. 3.) Neurological surgery. 4.) Obstetrics and gynecology.

Question 100

What are some of the areas other specialty physicians focus on?

Answer 100

1.) Anesthesiology. 2.) Emergency medicine. 3.) Neurology. 4.) Pathology.

Question 101

What is the Bismarck Model of health insurance?

Answer 101

A multi-payer, nonprofit health insurance system where private providers and insurers deliver care. Funded jointly by employers and employees, with mandatory enrollment and strong government cost regulation. Used in countries like Germany, France, Japan, Belgium, and Switzerland.

Question 102

What is the Beveridge Model of health insurance?

Answer 102

A single-payer system where the government funds and provides healthcare through taxes, similar to other public services. Used in countries like the UK, Italy, Spain, and New Zealand.

Question 103

What is the National Health Insurance Model?

Answer 103

A single-payer system combining private providers (like Bismarck) with government-funded care (like Beveridge). Used in countries like Canada, Australia, Denmark, and Sweden.

Question 104

What is the Out-of-Pocket Model of health insurance?

Answer 104

In this model, most healthcare is privately provided and citizens pay for most of their healthcare themselves. This model characterizes most of the nations in the world.

Question 105

What is the U.S. Model of health insurance?

Answer 105

A hybrid system combining all four models: Bismarck for most under 65, Beveridge for Native Americans, military personnel, and veterans, National Health Insurance for those 65+ (Medicare), and Out-of-Pocket for many uninsured or partially insured individuals.

Question 106

How many nursing homes are there in the U.S.?

Answer 106

15,640.

Question 107

Who owns and operates nursing homes?

Answer 107

More than two-thirds (69%) of nursing homes are for-profit, one-fourth are non-profit, and 6% are government-owned.

Question 108

What is the Paternalistic Model to physician-patient interaction?

Answer 108

A doctor-dominated, brief, and rushed interaction where physicians control the conversation, often interrupt patients, use complex medical terms, and give little time for patient questions or input.

Question 109

What is the Egalitarian Model to physician-patient interaction?

Answer 109

A collaborative approach where patients actively participate in decisions, ask questions, and share concerns. Physicians listen, communicate clearly, and treat patients as equals, leading to better satisfaction and health outcomes.

Question 110

What are the 3 exceptions to informed consent?

Answer 110

1.) Emergency Sitations 2.) Therepeutic Privilege 3.) Patient Waivers (no treatment)

Question 111

What is the difference between Specialized Patient Health Records and General Health Records?

Answer 111

Specialized Patient Health Records: 1.) Includes medical and therepeutic mental health information. 2.) Contains greater, more in-depth information. 3.) Licensed and unlicensed professionals can make entries. General Health Records: 1.) Includes medical information only, such as diagnosis and treatments. 2.) Contains a moderate amount of information as it's focused solely on physical health. 3.) Only licensed and certified professionals can make entries, as it is reguated by law.

Question 112

Drug and alcohol abuse treatment follows guidelines in what?

Answer 112

Federal law.

Question 113

The health information of patients who receive treatment for substance abuse are subject to what?

Answer 113

Stricter confidentiality requirements than the health information of patients receiving medical care in an acute care setting.

Question 114

Absent a diagnosis of a condition, HIPAA specifically prohibits what?

Answer 114

Genetic information from being considered a pre-existing condition for health insurance purposes.

Question 115

Many states have legislation that prohibit genetic discrimination and access to what?

Answer 115

Genetic information.

Question 116

In health information systems there are electronic health issues such as the use of what to engage in electronic health practice called e-health?

Answer 116

The internet.

Question 117

The Board of Trustees at a hospital has what 3 duties?

Answer 117

1.) Duty of Obedience 2.) Duty of Loyalty 3.) Duty of Care

Question 118

Patient’s rights to privacy have constitutional, statutory, common law basis and international basis derived from what international organization?

Answer 118

European Union (EU).

Question 119

How many quality measures has JCAHO established?

Answer 119

42.

Question 120

Patient health records are fully accessible to the patient and available to others upon what?

Answer 120

The patient’s consent.

Question 121

What is risk management?

Answer 121

A non-clinical function that focuses on how to reduce medical, financial, and legal risk to an organization.

Question 122

Risk management involves attention to issues about what?

Answer 122

Documentation, security, and confidentiality.

Question 123

Incident reports are a what technique used to describe and manage adverse events?

Answer 123

Risk management.

Question 124

There are fraudulent schemes by some operators of MRI scanning centers to submit false claims to private insurers and patients. The scheme causes excessive billing, and provides unlawful kickbacks to referring physicians. This is known as what?

Answer 124

Unbundling.

Question 125

What is the place of nursing in healthcare?

Answer 125

Nurses comprise the largest healthcare occupation. The work in hospitals, physicians’ practices, healthcare clinics, schools, nursing homes, and private homes. Now, the U.S. has about 4 millions nurses and is one of the very largest occupations in the country.

Question 126

In public health history, quarantine and isolation were employed to what?

Answer 126

Control contagious diseases.

Question 127

Compliance involves measures that what?

Answer 127

An organization takes to identify, correct, report, and audit identifiable risks.

Question 128

The responsibility of compliance falls on who?

Answer 128

1.) Board of Directors 2.) Management 3.) Counsel 4.) Employees

Question 129

The goals of compliance are to what?

Answer 129

1.) Identify potential issues. 2.) Timely evaluation of suspected violations. 3.) Timely reporting of suspected violations. 4.) Effective implementation of remedial measures.

Question 130

Quality management is what?

Answer 130

An improvement technique used by healthcare providers. It focuses on how to improve patient care.

Question 131

Quality management looks at looks at patterns of activity to define what?

Answer 131

Optimum performance and determine how to achieve it.

Question 132

Quality management activities in healthcare are conducted through what?

Answer 132

Peer review committees.

Question 133

The name of the process of submitting a bill reimbursement is called what?

Answer 133

A claim.

Question 134

There are cases of unlawful access to health records, such as what?

Answer 134

Medical Identity Theft.

Question 135

To prevent medical identity theft, the HIPAA Security Rule calls for what?

Answer 135

Measures such as passwords.

Question 136

What are sources of regulation of health information?

Answer 136

1.) HIPAA 2.) JCAHO 3.) Dept. of HHS 4.) Federal, state, and local laws/statutes. 5.) Other accrediting bodies.

Question 137

Qui tam actions involve what?

Answer 137

The permitting of private individuals (relator, whistleblower) to sue on behalf of the United States to recover money that was fraudulently obtained by a person or corporation.

Question 138

The origins of quarantine are associated with what?

Answer 138

Leprosy in Europe.

Question 139

Public health covers policies dealing with what?

Answer 139

1.) Safety of the blood supply. 2.) Outbreak, prevention, and control of epidemics and communicable diseases. 3.) Issues relating to bioterrorism. 4.) Responses to natural disasters and National Emergencies. 5.) Use and abuse of controlled substances. 6.) Biostatistics on population trends and life expectancy. 7.) Personal Restrictions 8.) Immunization and Mandatory Treatment