FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Life cycle of a low mass star

Answer 1

nebula, protostar, nuclear fusion, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf

Question 2

Life cycle of a high mass star

Answer 2

nebula, protostar, nuclear fusion, main sequence, super giant, supernova, then EITHER neutron star or black hole

Question 3

What is nuclear fusion

Answer 3

When the star’s core has a very high temperature and hydrogen fuses into helium and then into denser elements

Question 4

Before the BIg Bang, what were the characteristics of the universe?

Answer 4

A very high temperature and dense area that eventually expanded.

Question 5

What are some advantages of space telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope?

Answer 5

It can study distant stars and galaxies and how they form.

Question 6

What is a popular space telescope?

Answer 6

Hubble Space Telescope

Question 7

What did Christian Doppler’s study of waves eventually lead to us understanding about the Doppler shift?

Answer 7

Lead to us learning about red and blue shift. How fast galaxies are moving to and from us.

Question 8

What do light years measure?

Answer 8

How many years it takes for light to travel a distance. The speed of light

Question 9

What trends are visible on an HR diagram?

Answer 9

• star colors change to color and brightness
• higher temp. higher brightness
• cool stars are less massive
• hot on the left
• cool on the right

Question 10

How can you describe the speed of galaxies the farther they are away from us?

Answer 10

The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it moves away from us.

Question 11

What are the typical temperature ranges of white dwarf stars?

Answer 11

15,000 - 25,000 K

Question 12

How do white dwarfs compare in brightness to the sun?

Answer 12

They are dimmer but hotter

Question 13

What types of stars are hotter and brighter than the sun?

Answer 13

White and blue high mass stars on the main sequence and SOME super giants

Question 14

What is the luminosity of the sun?

Answer 14

1 L

Question 15

How would you describe the sun as compared to other stars?

Answer 15

An average yellow star

Question 16

Where is the sun located in our galaxy?

Answer 16

The sun is located in the middle of a spiral arm in our galaxy.

Question 17

What are nebulas and how do they form?

Answer 17

They are giant clouds of dust and gas. Planetary nebulae form from dying stars. Stars are also born in nebulae.

Question 18

What are 3 types of galaxies

Answer 18

Spiral, irregular, and elliptical

Question 19

Spiral galaxies

Answer 19

Rotating disc of spiral arms. Arms curl arounds a dense center. More gas and dust in arms, starts for in the arms.

Question 20

Irregular galaxy

Answer 20

Does not have a distinct shape and is not regular. Has younger stars and more dust and gas. No defined shape because may have formed in a star collision

Question 21

Elliptical galaxy

Answer 21

Oval or sphere shape with many older stars. Older and has less dust and gas.

Question 22

What does the movement of galaxies tell us about the size of the universe?

Answer 22

They continue to move which proves the UNIVERSE CONTINUES TO EXPAND!

Question 23

YOU GOT THIS TEST

Answer 23

YOU CAN DO IT

Question 23

Oval or sphere shape with many older stars. Older and has less dust and gas.

Answer 23

Elliptical galaxy

Question 24

What are the pieces of evidence for the Big Bang Theory?

Answer 24

Expansion of the universe (red-shift), and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)

Question 25

Rotating disc of spiral arms. Arms curl arounds a dense center. More gas and dust in arms, starts for in the arms.

Answer 25

Spiral galaxy

Question 26

What is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation?

Answer 26

The leftover low frequency radiation from the Big Bang.

Question 27

Does not have a distinct shape and is not regular. Has younger stars and more dust and gas. No defined shape because may have formed in a star collision

Answer 27

Irregular galaxy

Question 28

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative?

Question 29

What's qualitative?

Question 30

What's quantitative?

Question 31

What's Adhesion?

Question 32

What's Cohesion?

Question 33

What's Surface Tension?

Question 34

Why are small insects such as water striders able to walk on the surface of water?

Question 35

How does the surface tension of water impact plants and the movement of water in those plants?

Question 36

In a Bohr model, where do we find valence electrons?

Question 37

What do valence electrons determine for groups of atoms?

Question 38

If we want to determine the density of a regularly shaped object, what tools would we need?

Question 39

If we want to determine the density of an irregularly shaped object, how would we do that and what tools would we use.

Question 40

What determines the mass of an atom?

Question 41

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

Answer 41

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 42

What is the charge and location of protons?

Question 43

What is the charge and location of neutrons?

Question 44

What is the charge and location of electrons?

Question 45

Describe what is happening in a chemical reaction?

Question 46

What is a coefficient?

Question 47

How do you apply a coefficient when counting the number of atoms in a compound?

Question 48

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Question 49

What are properties of acids?

Question 50

What are properties of bases?

Question 51

How does gravity affect adhesion with a moving object such as a car?

Question 52

What is the pH for an alkaline solution such as water?

Question 53

Why are halogens and alkali metals so reactive, and often extremely reactive together?

Question 54

Discuss how we determine valence electrons in element using a periodic table?

Question 55

What is the difference between mass number and atomic mass?

Question 56

What does the period tell us on the periodic table?

Question 57

What is an element?

Question 58

What is an compound?

Question 59

What is an heterogeneous mixture?

Question 60

What is an homogeneous mixture?