Final Exam Flashcards
(30 cards)
Name four reasons why to study Logic
- Exercise your mind to think well
- Uses what you know to discover new truths
- Understand how people are tricking you
- To know how to argue
What is True?
matches reality
What is Valid?
conclusion follows as a necessity
What is Sound?
Valid & True
What is an Argument?
a structured set of statements aimed at demonstrating the truth and reasoning
What is a Syllogism?
a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed premises
What is a Premise?
a true or false statement leading to a conclusion
What is Distributed?
whether a term in a statement refers to all members the category
What is the Middle Term?
the term that links the major and minor terms by appearing in both premises and not in the conclusion
What is a Contradiction?
a statement or a set of statements that are logically inconsistent
Name three ways to check a Deductive Argument
- Is it a Valid Argument
- Are the Terms Clear
- Are the Premises True
Write the contradiction of this proposition:
All [Zebras] are [tw eat]
Some [Zebras] are not [tw eat]
Write the contradiction of this proposition:
Some [Rain] are [twi good]
All [Rain] is not [twi good]
What are Distributed words?
All & Are Not
What are Undistributed words?
Some & Are
What’s Aristotle’s 1st Rule for Valid Syllogism
1. Have 3 Terms
What’s Aristotle’s 2nd Rule for Valid Syllogism
2. Have 3 Propositions
What’s Aristotle’s 3rd Rule for Valid Syllogism
3. Middle Term must be Distributed
What’s Aristotle’s 4th Rule for Valid Syllogism
4. Anything Distributed in Conclusion must be Distributed in Premise
What’s Aristotle’s 5th Rule for Valid Syllogism
5. No conclusion can follow from two negative premises
What’s Aristotle’s 6th Rule for Valid Syllogism
6. If one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative
Describe a Socratic Debate
A Socratic debate is a dialogue where participants work together to find truth through reasoning.
What is Strawman?
representing a weaker version of an argument to make it hard to uphold
What is Ad Hominem?
instead of addressing the issue, attacking the person raising it
