Final Exam

Question 1

Who revolutionized our understanding of demography and plant populations?

Answer 1

John Harper

Question 2

The study of single species is called

Answer 2

Autecology

Question 3

Global vegetation formations are called

Answer 3

Biomes

Question 4

The study of patterns of plant species distributions is called

Answer 4

Phytogeography

Question 5

Modern plant ecology is concerned with

Answer 5

Biodiversity and landscape ecology

Question 6

The study of plant communities is called

Answer 6

Synecology

Question 7

The study of interactions between organsims and their environment over geological tiemscales is called

Answer 7

Paleoecology

Question 8

Which is the least abundant habitat type in the UK

Answer 8

Freshwater

Question 9

Which if these is NOT an Ancient Woodland Indicator (AWI)?

Answer 9

Buttercup

Question 10

Which species is characteristic of ALL heathland types

Answer 10

Ling

Question 11

Which is the most abundant habitat type in the UK?

Answer 11

Mountains, heath and moorlands

Question 12

Which habitat is not described as a plagioclimax?

Answer 12

Woodland

Question 13

How many species of grass are there in the UK?

Answer 13

160

Question 14

Which grassland is the most species rich and diverse?

Answer 14

Calcaerous

Question 15

How much woodland is ancient woodland?

Answer 15

1.2%

Question 16

How many phases in the heather growth cycle?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Which of the following describes a bog?

Answer 17

Ombrotrophic

Question 18

What is the dominant vegetation type in a tundra biome?

Answer 18

Mosses and lichens

Question 19

Which biome is characterised by high rainfall and high biodiversity?

Answer 19

Tropical rainforest

Question 20

Which habitat is dominated by sphagnum moss and accumulates peat?

Answer 20

Bog

Question 21

Which habitat type is maintained by grazing and traditionally low-intensity management?

Answer 21

Neutral grassland

Question 22

The study of plant competition, succession, and community structure is part of:

Answer 22

Synecology

Question 23

Autecology focuses on:

Answer 23

Individual species’ traits and responses

Question 24

What is the main driver of global plant distribution patterns?

Answer 24

Climate

Question 25

The field that studies spatial patterns of plant species across regions is called:

Answer 25

Phytogeography

Question 26

What major event significantly shaped the composition of British flora?

Answer 26

Last Glacial Maximum

Question 27

Fossil pollen preserved in peat bogs is most commonly used in:

Answer 27

Paleoecology

Question 28

Which method is typically used to record vegetation cover in a quadrat?

Answer 28

Percent cover estimation

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of a Phase 1 Habitat Survey?

Answer 29

Map broad habitat types

Question 30

Which of the following is classed as an invasive plant species in the UK?

Answer 30

Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica)

Question 31

Under UK law, allowing the spread of which invasive plant onto neighbouring land can result in legal action?

Answer 31

Japanese knotweed

Question 32

Which act is most relevant to the legal control of invasive plant species in the UK?

Answer 32

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Question 33

Which of the following best explains why tropical rainforests are highly productive ecosystems?

Answer 33

High precipitation and constant warm temperatures

Question 34

Which UK habitat is most associated with acidic soils and frequent rainfall?

Answer 34

Heathland

Question 35

What distinguishes the Clementsian view of ecological succession?

Answer 35

Succession is directional and leads to a climax community

Question 36

Which method is central to the Braun-Blanquet approach?

Answer 36

Cover-abundance scales

Question 37

What does the Shannon-Wiener index measure in plant communities?

Answer 37

Species diversity accounting for richness and evenness

Question 38

What is the primary focus of autecology?

Answer 38

The ecology of individual plant species

Question 39

According to Grime’s C-S-R model, which plants dominate in resource-rich, low-stress environments?

Answer 39

Competitors

Question 40

What are Ellenberg indicator values used for?

Answer 40

Estimating species’ preferences for environmental conditions

Question 41

A species that is restricted to a particular geographic location is termed:

Answer 41

Endemic

Question 42

What kind of soil is most commonly associated with high pH and high calcium content?

Answer 42

Chalk

Question 43

Which method is commonly used in paleoecology to reconstruct past vegetation?

Answer 43

Palynology (pollen analysis)

Question 44

The Holocene epoch is significant because it:

Answer 44

Represents the last ~11,000 years of Earth’s history

Question 45

What type of data would a paleoecologist most likely extract from lake sediments?

Answer 45

Pollen grains and charcoal

Question 46

What is the main concern with invasive plant species?

Answer 46

They outcompete native species and alter habitats

Question 47

Which piece of UK legislation deals with invasive non-native species?

Answer 47

The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981