FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Parts of the animal cell (organelles)

Answer 1

nucleus, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (tunnels/maze), golgi body, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosome, cytoplasm, vacuoles, centrioles (key to mitosis)

Question 2

Parts of the plant cell (organelles)

Answer 2

everything an animal cell has + more
chloroplast
cell wall

Question 3

Define prokaryotic.

Answer 3

a simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts
- ex: bacteria

Question 4

Define eukaryotic

Answer 4

cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
- ex: animals, fungi, plants

Question 5

Define a cell membrane’s function

Answer 5

controls what enters and leaves the cell and also protects the cell.
- selectively permeable barrier

Question 6

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 6

• macromolecule
• sugars used for short term energy
• found in foods like bread, noodles, rice, etc.
• made of monosaccharides

Question 7

What are lipids?

Answer 7

• made of fatty acids
• fats and oils used for long-term energy
• found in dairy and foods with certain oils
• macromolecule

Question 8

What are proteins?

Answer 8

• made up of amino acids
• used for construction materials and chemical reactions in the body
  -macromolcule

Question 9

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 9

• made up of nucleotides
• contains genetic info
• DNA and RNA
  -macromolecule

Question 10

Define mitochondria

Answer 10

powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration

Question 11

Define chloroplast

Answer 11

site of photosynthesis (plant cells)

Question 12

Define ribosome

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Define nucleus

Answer 13

contains DNA; control center

Question 14

Define the process of photosynthesis

Answer 14

• organisms use energy from sunlight to make their own food (glucose)
• occurs in chloroplast of plant cells
• chloroplast has green pigment called chlorophyll
• light energy converts to chemical energy
• chemical equation:
  6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + O2

Question 15

Define the process of cellular respiration

Answer 15

• breaks down glucose in order to make energy for an organism
• occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
• aerobic: opposite of photosynthesis
• anaerobic: does not require oxygen to occur
• chemical equation:
  C6H12O6 + O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy

Question 16

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 16

• ## photosynthesis makes the glucose needed in cellular respiration to make ATP

Question 17

Define ATP

Answer 17

main energy currency for cells

Question 18

Define glucose

Answer 18

sugar produced during photosynthesis

Question 19

Define carbon dioxide

Answer 19

taken in by plants

Question 20

define oxygen

Answer 20

released by plants; used in respiration

Question 21

define chlorophyll

Answer 21

pigment that absorbs light