Final exam

Question 1

➔ Our natural, inborn way of reacting to the world.
➔ It’s the emotional style we bring into situations and relationships.

Answer 1

temperament

Question 2

Less moody than teens
➔ More responsible
➔ Less risky decisions

Answer 2

young adult

Question 3

HAZAN & SHAVER’S ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLES

★ Comfortable with closeness
★ Trusts easily
★ Optimistic about love and relationships

Answer 3

secure attachment

Question 4

HAZAN & SHAVER’S ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLES
★ Takot sa commitment
★ Lumalayo pag nagiging “too close”

Answer 4

avoidant attachment

Question 5

HAZAN & SHAVER’S ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLES
★ Laging worried sa relationship
★ Clingy and constantly overthinking
★ Fear of losing loved ones = kapit na kapit

Answer 5

anxious attachment

Question 6

An explanation of why individuals are attracted to people who are similar to them. Our own attitudes and behavior are supported and validated when someone else’s attitudes and behavior are similar to our own.

Answer 6

consensual validation

Question 7

repeated exposure to a person or stimulus usually increases our preference for it.

Answer 7

mere exposure effect

Question 8

➔ Benefits for shy individuals ➔ Risks of deception and ‘catfishing’ ➔ attraction has not only taken place in person but also over the Internet.
➔ In their twenties, women have more online pursuers than men, but in their forties men have more online pursuers

Answer 8

ONLINE DATING & MODERN LOVE

Question 9

states that although we may prefer a more attractive person in the abstract, in the real world we end up choosing someone who is close to our own level of attractiveness.

Answer 9

matching hypothesis

Question 10

➔ Love is a canvas furnished by nature and embroidered by imagination

Answer 10

Voltaire

Question 11

➔ Love evolves: intimacy, identity, independence
➔ Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 11

faces of love - intimacy and identity

Question 12

sharing of personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences

Answer 12

SELF-DISCLOSURE

Question 13

Adolescents have an increased need for ____. At the same time, they are engaged in the essential tasks of developing an identity and establishing their independence from their parents.

Answer 13

intimacy

Question 13

• Also called passionate love or eros, romantic love has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates early in a love relationship.

Answer 13

romantic love

Question 14

This refers to emotional closeness, connection, and trust. It involves feelings of warmth, sharing, and bonding.

Answer 14

intimacy

Question 14

In this type of love, also called companionate love, an individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the other person.

Answer 14

AFFECTIONATE LOVE

Question 15

This is the physical and sexual attraction part of love. It includes intense emotions and desire.

Answer 15

passion

Question 16

Intimacy + commitment, without passion (e.g., long-term friendships or marriages where passion has faded).

Answer 16

companionate love

Question 16

➔ Some couples do not want the official aspects of marriage
➔ To spend time together ➔ Share expenses ➔ Evaluate compatibility

Answer 16

reasons of cohabitation

Question 16

This is the decision to maintain a relationship over time. It can be short-term (deciding to love someone) or long-term (deciding to stay with someone).

Answer 16

commitment

Question 17

Passion + commitment, without emotional closeness.

Answer 17

fatuous love

Question 17

All three components are present. This is considered the most complete and ideal form of love.

Answer 17

consummate love

Question 18

Refers to living together in a sexual relationship without being married.

Answer 18

cohabitation

Question 19

provides couples with essential tools for a successful marriage, reducing conflicts
and increasing long-term satisfaction.

Answer 19

premarital education

Question 20

➔ Emotional drifts “grew apart” ➔ Arguments ➔ Unfaithfulness/Adultery ➔ Lack of Respect & Appreciation ➔ Domestic Violence or Abuse

Answer 20

cause of divorce

Question 21

the language of conversation; it is a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationship

Answer 21

rapport talk

Question 21

He studied married couples – their heart rate, blood pressure, and emotional health.

Answer 21

john gottman

Question 22

➔ Set realistic expectations ➔ Build new, healthy connections with stepkids and in-laws ➔ Let go of “ghosts” of past relationships — unlearn the bad patterns to love better this time

Answer 22

remarried couples

Question 23

“A baby will save a failing marriage.” “My child will be exactly like me.” “My child will fulfill my dreams.” (Yung hindi ka naging doctor, kaya gusto mong maging doctor anak mo ) “Parenting is instinctual.” (Nope! It takes skills — emotional, mental, and social)

Answer 23

parenting myths

Question 24

male roles are contradictory and inconsistent. Men not only experience stress when they violate men’s roles, they also are harmed when they act in accord with men’s roles.

Answer 24

role-strain view

Question 24

is talk that is designed to give information; this category of communication includes public speaking

Answer 24

report talk

Question 25

(male-female friendships) can present both opportunities and problems. ◆ Opportunities include: learning about shared feelings, interests, and characteristics and gaining knowledge of beliefs and activities traditionally associated with the other gender. ◆ Problems include: different expectations and unclear sexual boundaries, which can produce tension and confusion.

Answer 25

cross gender friendships

Question 26

The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person.

Answer 26

androgyny

Question 27

a broad term that refers to individuals who adopt a gender identity that differs from the one assigned to them at birth

Answer 27

transgender

Question 28

The number of years that the average person born in a particular year will live.

Answer 28

life expectancy

Question 29

Erikson’s eighth and final stage of development occurs in late adulthood. At this stage, individuals reflect on the past in their lives, either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent.

Answer 29

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 30

● If the older adult has developed a positive outlook in each of the preceding periods. ○ Retrospective glances and reminiscences will reveal a picture of a life well spent, and the older adult will be satisfied (integrity). ● If the older adult resolved one or more of the earlier stages in a negative way (e.g. being socially isolated in early adulthood or stagnating in middle adulthood) ○ Retrospective evaluations of the total worth of his or her life might be negative (despair).

Answer 30

integrity vs. despair

Question 30

The more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. ● Research have found that when older adults are active, energetic, and productive, they age more successfully and are happier than if they disengage from society ● Activity theory suggests that many individuals will achieve greater life satisfaction if they continue their middle-adulthood roles into late adulthood. ○ Early retirement

Answer 30

activity therapy

Question 31

● Variation of reminiscence therapy that involves recalling the times one coped with stressful circumstances and analyzing what it took to adapt in those contexts ● Improved adaptive ability and resilience of older adults in coping with adverse situations.

Answer 31

instrumental reminiscence therapy

Question 31

Discussing past activities and experiences with another individual or group. ● The therapy may include the use of photographs, familiar video/audio recordings. ● Researchers have found that reminiscence therapy improves the mood and quality of older adults, including those with dementia

Answer 31

reminiscence therapy

Question 31

● These involve learning new things, gaining information, and preparing for the future. ● The trajectory of motivation for knowledge-related goals starts relatively high in the early years of life, peaks in adolescence and early adulthood, and then declines during middle and late adulthood

Answer 31

knowledge-related

Question 32

Reduced depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and emergency room visits in older African Americans

Answer 32

attachment-focused reminiscence therapy

Question 33

● Developed by Laura Carstensen and colleagues ● Adults become more selective about their social networks as they grow older. Because they place a high value on emotional satisfaction, older adults spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships. ● This theory states that older adults intentionally withdraw from social contact with people who are less important in their lives, while maintaining or even increasing contact with close friends and family they have enjoyable relationships with. ● This theory challenges the stereotype that the majority of older adults are in emotional despair due to their social isolation. Instead, older adults intentionally choose to lessen their social contacts to spend more time with friends and family.

Answer 33

socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 34

● These involve seeking happiness, meaningful relationships, and emotional well-being. ● The emotional trajectory is high during infancy and early childhood, declines from middle childhood through early adulthood, and increases in middle and late adulthood

Answer 34

emotional

Question 35

One of the main reasons given for these changing trajectories in knowledge-related and emotion-related goals involves the______

Answer 35

perception of time

Question 36

● Proposed by Paul Baltes and his colleagues. ○ They describe the life of the late Arthur Rubinstein (an admired concert pianist) to illustrate their theory. (Ex) ● Successful aging depends on three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC). ● The theory describes how people can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master

Answer 36

SELECTIVE OPTIMIZATION WITH COMPENSATION THEORY

Question 36

Based on the concept that older adults have a reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains.

Answer 36

selection

Question 37

● Plays an important role in older adults’ quality of life, with high levels of self-control linked to lower levels of depression and obesity ● It is linked to better cognitive performance ● People self-regulate their behavior in specific areas of their lives, and the oldest group's control was lowest in the physical domain. ● There is a decline in perceived control of cognitive functioning in older adults

Answer 37

self-control

Question 37

● Suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies.

Answer 37

optimization

Question 38

● Becomes relevant when life tasks require a level of capacity beyond the current level of the older adult’s performance potential. ● Older adults especially need to compensate in circumstances involving high mental or physical demands.

Answer 38

compensation