Final Exam Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
What is a Lipoma in Dogs?
A
A lipoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor made of fat cells.
2
Q
How do lipomas appear in dogs?
A
They appear as soft, movable lumps under the skin.
3
Q
In which age group of dogs are lipomas most common?
A
Most common in middle-aged and older dogs.
4
Q
Which dog breeds are more prone to lipomas?
A
Certain breeds include:
* Labradors
* Dobermans
* Weimaraners
5
Q
What should be done with small, non-problematic lipomas?
A
Monitor them.
6
Q
When should surgical removal of a lipoma be considered?
A
If the lump:
* Grows rapidly
* Interferes with mobility
* Causes discomfort
7
Q
What can help prevent new lipomas in dogs?
A
Weight management.
8
Q
What type of lipomas may require surgery and radiation?
A
Infiltrative lipomas.
9
Q
Test question
A
Does work
10
Q
What was required to be attached to dog collars in the middle ages?
A
Heavy blocks of wood
This was a method to control dogs.
11
Q
How many stray dogs could New York City catch per week in the mid 1800s?
A
1000 stray dogs
This highlights the historical issue of stray animals.
12
Q
What organization set up shelters for homeless animals in 1908?
A
A woman’s auxiliary to the ASPCA
This initiative was aimed at supporting abandoned animals.
13
Q
What is the Animal Medical Center (AMC) of New York City known for?
A
World’s largest non-profit veterinary hospital for small animals
It employs 130 veterinarians.
14
Q
List some public funds being diverted to manage animal issues.
A
- Monitor dog and cat bites
- Maintain rabies surveillance
- Capture and remove unwanted animals
- Repair city property
- Remove dead animals
- Intervene in neighbor complaints
15
Q
Define ‘unwanted’ companion animals.
A
Once owned animals that are abandoned
16
Q
What are ‘uncontrolled’ animals?
A
Owned animals allowed to run about
17
Q
What does ‘stray’ refer to in animal management?
A
Rejected or lost animals
18
Q
What are ‘feral’ animals?
A
Animals that escaped from a household and became wild
19
Q
Name three factors associated with the relinquishment of dogs to shelters.
A
- Death of the owner
- Change in lifestyle
- Transfer of employment location
20
Q
Fill in the blank: The number of cats can increase dramatically over time; for example, two years later there could be _______.
A
66 cats
21
Q
What are some problems and hazards associated with excess companion animals?
A
- Environmental pollution
- Health and safety concerns
- Zoonotic diseases
- Disturbing the peace
- Damage to property
22
Q
How many people in the U.S. are estimated to be bitten by dogs each year?
A
5 million people
Over 1 million require medical treatment.
23
Q
True or False: Feral cats are less likely to have zoonotic diseases compared to stray animals.
A
False
24
Q
What is the estimated population of feral cats in the U.S.?
A
6-10 million feral cats
25
What are TNR programs?
Trap, Neuter, and Release programs
26
Fill in the blank: An estimated _______ birds are killed annually in Wisconsin by rural cats.
39 million
27
What is one environmental consequence of releasing pets into the wild?
Indigenous populations may suffer
28
Name two examples of invasive species resulting from released pets.
* Iguanas
* Pythons
29
What is one method for controlling pet populations?
* Public Education
* Government Control
* Animal Shelters
* Adoption Programs
* Animal Rescue Organizations
30
What are some benefits of spaying and neutering pets?
* No heat cycles in females
* Reduced vocalization in cats
* Reduced risk for certain cancers
* Less desire to roam in males
31
Define euthanasia in the context of animal management.
Intentionally bringing about the death of an animal for its own sake
32
What does the term 'euthanasia' derive from?
'eu' meaning good and 'thanatos' meaning death
33
What percentage of cats in shelters are estimated to be euthanized?
75%
34
What must be considered when deciding on euthanasia?
* Condition of the animal
* Pain
* Cost
35
What is required for euthanasia to minimize stress and anxiety?
Rapid loss of consciousness
36
True or False: The absence of pain and distress is always achievable in euthanasia.
False
37
What is a preferred technique for euthanizing large birds?
Anesthetization prior to euthanasia
38
What is the only drug approved by the FDA for euthanasia in fish?
MS-222, also known as Finquel
39
What must be verified after euthanasia?
Death must be verified
40
What emotional effects can euthanasia have on pet owners?
It may be the toughest decision a person has to make
41
What can cause distress among staff at animal shelters?
Euthanizing animals in large numbers
42
What is docking in animal management?
Shortening or removal of the tail
## Footnote
Docking is often performed for cosmetic reasons or historical practices.
43
What is cropping in animal management?
Ear alterations, generally to allow ear to stand up.
## Footnote
Cropping is typically done for aesthetic purposes.
44
What are some examples of cosmetic mutilation in animals?
* Docking
* Cropping
* Debarking
* Declawing
* Tattoos
* Piercings
## Footnote
These procedures can be controversial and raise ethical concerns.
45
What legal restrictions exist regarding dyeing pets' fur?
Illegal in Maine, South Carolina, Boulder, CO, and Florida
## Footnote
This is considered a 'gray' area in animal management.
46
What does tail docking provide in terms of social signals?
Gives important social signals such as wagging, bristling, and height.
## Footnote
These signals are crucial for dog communication.
47
What is the AVMA's stance on cosmetic tail docking?
They would like to see it go away.
## Footnote
The AVMA advocates against unnecessary cosmetic alterations.
48
Why was tail docking historically practiced related to taxation?
A livestock tax was imposed based on the length of the tail.
## Footnote
Animals with tails longer than a man's thumb were taxed.
49
Which breeds commonly undergo ear cropping?
* Boxers
* Doberman Pinschers
* Great Danes
* Schnauzers
* Boston Terriers
## Footnote
Approximately 14 breeds are known for this procedure.
50
What are the risks associated with ear cropping?
* Cost: $80-300
* Experience of vets
* Vet visits
* Infections
* Failure rate
## Footnote
Cropping is illegal in some countries, including most of Europe.
51
What age is ear cropping typically performed?
10-14 weeks of age.
## Footnote
This procedure requires full anesthesia.
52
What is declawing in cats?
Removal of the claw and the bone from which it originates.
## Footnote
It is akin to an amputation at the knuckle.
53
What are some reasons people choose to declaw cats?
* Prevent injury during fights
* Reduce aggressive behavior
* Reduce harm to furnishings
* Decrease marking behavior
## Footnote
These reasons often stem from convenience rather than the cat's welfare.
54
What alternatives exist to declawing cats?
* Choose wisely
* Behavioral modification
* Nail clipping
* Soft Paws™
* Tendonectomy
## Footnote
These alternatives can help manage scratching behavior without surgery.
55
What is a feline tendonectomy?
Severing the tendon attached to the end toe digit.
## Footnote
This procedure allows the claw to remain in the sheath, resulting in less pain and faster recovery.
56
What is debarking in dogs?
A surgical procedure to reduce tissue in the vocal chords.
## Footnote
The goal is to lower the volume of the dog's bark.
57
What are some alternatives to debarking?
* Choose wisely
* Training
* Collars that emit an electric shock
* Collars that emit scents like citronella
## Footnote
These methods aim to manage barking without surgery.
58
What is the primary motivation for sterilization in pets?
To lessen the number of unwanted animals that are euthanized in shelters.
## Footnote
Spaying and neutering are promoted by most animal welfare groups.
59
What are some concerns regarding early spaying or neutering?
* Incontinence higher in females spayed early
* Potential for obesity
* Cognitive impairment in older dogs
## Footnote
These issues require careful consideration by pet owners.
60
What are the uses of tattooing and piercing in animals?
Used for ID purposes.
## Footnote
These procedures are generally less controversial compared to other forms of alteration.
61
What is a service dog?
A dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for a person with a disability.
## Footnote
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
62
Name three career opportunities related to therapy and service animals.
* Animal-Assisted Therapist
* Veterinary Behaviorist
* Service Dog Trainer
63
What are some types of trained dogs?
* Sight dogs
* Hearing dogs
* Balance dogs
* Laptop service dogs
* Specialty dogs
* Medical specialties
64
Who could benefit from service animals?
Any person who has a physical or psychological/emotional condition which substantially limits a major life activity.
65
What is the typical cost of a fully trained service animal?
Up to $20,000, including training for the new animal handler.
66
What primary health conditions can assistance animals help with?
* Visual impairments
* Hearing impairments
* Mobility impairments
* Psychiatric conditions
* Seizure disorders
* Diabetes
* Autism
67
Fill in the blank: Assistance animals can help individuals with autism by promoting _______.
[social interactions and communication]
68
What are some documented health advantages of using assistance animals?
* Improved mobility
* Enhanced independence
* Reduction in anxiety and depression
* Stress reduction
* Improved social interaction
* Better physical health
69
What are some tasks service animals can perform?
* Leading individuals around obstacles
* Sound discrimination
* Assisting with mobility
* Retrieval of dropped items
* Emotional support
70
What differentiates Emotional Support Animals (ESAs) from Service Animals?
ESAs provide comfort through companionship without specific task training, while service animals are trained to perform specific tasks for disability-related needs.
71
What is the governing law for Service Animals?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
72
What rights do Emotional Support Animals (ESAs) have under the Fair Housing Act?
ESAs are allowed in housing facilities that normally restrict pets but do not have access rights in most public areas.
73
What is the main purpose of therapy animals?
To provide psychological or physiological therapy to individuals other than their handlers.
74
True or False: Therapy animals have legal access rights to public spaces like service animals.
False
75
What is hippotherapy?
Therapeutic horseback riding focusing on clients with neurological or motor conditions.
76
What benefits can equine-assisted activities provide?
* Improved muscle tone
* Enhanced balance
* Better posture
* Coordination
* Motor development
* Emotional well-being
77
What social benefits do pets provide for the elderly?
Pets act as catalysts for social interaction.
78
How did a study reveal the companionship value of dogs to the elderly?
78% of men and 67% of women considered their dog their only true friend.
79
What are some design features of elderly care facilities that include companion animals?
* Home-like surroundings
* Flower and vegetable gardens
* Visiting school children
* On-site daycare for younger children
80
What can children learn from interactions with animals?
* Love, attachment, and comfort
* Responsibility and nurturance
* Learning about life and death
* Therapeutic benefits
81
What distinguishes service dogs from therapy dogs?
Service dogs assist their handlers with daily tasks, while therapy dogs assist others in therapeutic settings.
82
What is the primary role of service dogs?
Service dogs directly assist their handicapped owners with daily tasks.
## Footnote
This assistance can include various activities like guiding the visually impaired or helping individuals with mobility challenges.
83
How do therapy dogs differ from service dogs?
Therapy dogs are handled by their owners to assist others at specific times, such as visits to hospitals or care facilities.
## Footnote
Laws mandating access for service dogs do not apply to therapy dogs.
84
What is the purpose of animal assisted therapy?
Animal assisted therapy is designed to promote improvement in human physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.
85
Name one example of animal assisted therapy.
Examples of animal assisted therapy include:
* Dolphin assisted therapy
* Equine Therapy
* Pet Therapy
86
What is involved in reading-to-dogs programs?
Reading-to-dogs programs involve having a child read out loud to a dog generally in a library or school setting.
87
What percentage increase in reading fluency was observed for students reading to dogs in public schools?
Reading fluency increased by 12% for those students who read to a dog in a public school.
88
True or False: AACR teams are first responders.
False
## Footnote
AACR teams provide support and comfort but do not search for the injured or dead.
89
What are some benefits of individual and group counseling with animal-assisted therapy?
Benefits include:
* Improved level of functioning in patients with mood disorders
* Creation of a warm, friendly, safe environment
* Unconditional acceptance and empathy during sessions
90
What types of animals are typically taken to nursing homes?
Different types of animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds are taken to nursing homes.
91
What are some benefits of animal interactions in hospitals and nursing homes?
Benefits include:
* Decreased tension
* Decreased depression
* Decreased anger
* Increased vigor
92
What is dolphin-assisted therapy?
Dolphin-assisted therapy involves having the patient go into the water and interact with the dolphin and its trainer.
93
What are some disadvantages of dolphin-assisted therapy?
Disadvantages include:
* High cost of maintaining dolphins
* Animal welfare concerns
* Risk of transmitting infections
* Limited research on effectiveness
94
Name one organization related to therapy dogs.
Organizations include:
* Therapy Dogs International (TDI)
* Delta Society
95
What cultural concerns might affect the use of therapy dogs?
Some cultures regard dogs as unclean, others view them as nuisances, and some believe that spirits may appear as animals.
96
What is one breed commonly used for therapy and assistance roles?
Labrador Retriever
## Footnote
Known for their friendly nature and strong desire to please.
97
What traits make Golden Retrievers suitable for therapy work?
Golden Retrievers are valued for their calm demeanor, intelligence, and reliability.
98
What is a notable characteristic of Border Collies?
Border Collies are known as one of the smartest dog breeds, great for tasks that require problem solving.
99
Fill in the blank: Dogs to be trained must be _______.
intelligent
100
What are some characteristics of dogs suited for therapy work?
Dogs must be:
* Intelligent
* Willing to work
* Large enough to guide
* Small enough to control
* Long-lived and healthy
101
What is the projected value of the global pet care e-commerce market in 2024?
Around $94.89 billion
## Footnote
The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.8% from 2025 to 2030.
102
What trend is observed in pet ownership regarding unconventional pets?
Increase in ownership of reptiles and small mammals
## Footnote
This diversifies the pet market.
103
How are Gen Z and Millennials influencing the pet industry?
They emphasize pet parenthood, contributing to growth in U.S. pet ownership
## Footnote
This influences market dynamics and product offerings.
104
What is the projected market value for pet enrichment by 2026?
$12 billion
## Footnote
This reflects increased investment in products supporting pets' mental health.
105
What is the impact of economic pressures on pet ownership?
Consumers prioritize spending on pets despite economic uncertainties
## Footnote
This indicates a strong financial commitment towards non-human companions.
106
What is the purpose of the daily pill developed by Loyal for senior dogs?
To extend the lifespan of senior dogs
## Footnote
The FDA has acknowledged its potential effectiveness.
107
What is LOY-002 designed to target?
Age-related metabolic dysfunction
## Footnote
This is a key driver of aging in dogs.
108
What are the aims of LOY-002?
* Improve insulin sensitivity
* Improve fat tissue function
* Improve healthy fat distribution
## Footnote
Designed to delay onset of arthritis, cognitive decline, cancer, and chronic disease.
109
What is the estimated monthly cost of LOY-002?
$100/month
110
How is technology reshaping pet care?
Through AI wearables, smart feeders, and mobile-controlled toys
## Footnote
These are now common in pet households.
111
What trend is seen in the humanization of pets?
Pets are treated like family, increasing demand for health-focused products
## Footnote
This includes high sales of probiotics, dental chews, and breed-specific diets.
112
What do pet owners desire in terms of product sourcing?
Environmentally friendly and ethically sourced products
## Footnote
This has led to growth in biodegradable toys and plant-based pet foods.
113
What is the impact of rising veterinary costs on pet owners?
Over 50% of U.S. pet owners skipped vet visits in 2024 due to affordability concerns.
