final exam 2

Question 1

what is a gradient?

Answer 1

difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, pressure, temp, etc. between one point or another

Question 2

what does it mean to go down a concentration gradient?

Answer 2

matter/energy moves from the point where this variable has a higher value to the point with a lower value

Question 3

what is filtration?

Answer 3

a process in which a physical pressure forces fluid through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 4

what is simple diffusion?

Answer 4

the net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration as a result of their constant, spontaneous motion

Question 5

what is osmosis?

Answer 5

the net flow of water from one side of a selectively permeable membrane to the other

Question 6

what is carrier-mediated transport?

Answer 6

any process of transporting materials through a cellular membrane that involves reversible binding to a transport protein

Question 7

a solute binds to a carrier in the plasma membrane which then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side in what kind of transport?

Answer 7

carrier-mediated transport

Question 8

what is a transport maximum?

Answer 8

carriers are saturated – no more are available to handle the increased demand and transport levels off

Question 9

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 9

carrier-mediated transport of a solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient; requires no ATP

Question 10

what is primary active transport?

Answer 10

a process in which a carrier moves a substance through a cell membrane up its concentration gradient using energy provided by ATP

Question 11

the sodium-potassium pump is a good example of _____

Answer 11

primary active transport

Question 12

what is vesicular transport?

Answer 12

moves large particles or numerous molecules at once through the membrane contained in vesicles of the membrane