Flashcards in Final Exam Deck (76)
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Who created a model for "stress adaptation"?
Han Selye
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What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculate
Zona Reticularis
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What does the zona glomerulosa produce?
Aldosterone- a mineralocorticoid responsible for long term BP
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What is the functions of Aldosterone?
renal reabsorption of sodium and excretion of hydrogen and potassium ions
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What does control of secretion for aldosterone?
ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone- or corticotropin released by the anterior pituitary
Angiotensin II - most powerful- causes vasoconstriction and subsequent increase in BP
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What is the function of the Zona Fasciculate?
Primary- metabolism of glucose
secondary- increase metabolism
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What is produced in the Zona Reticularis?
Androstenedione- precursor to testosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
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What is the function of the adrenal medulla?
Secretes catecholamines (Epinephrine/adrenaline and Norepinephrine/noradrenaline)
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What is the chemical class for epinephrine & norepinephrine?
mono-amino-acid derivatives
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What is the control of secretion for epinephrine & norepinephrine?
ACTH, STH, T4, Blood glucose, Blood pressure
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What adrenal disorder is derived from hyposecretion of the adrenal gland?
Hypersecretion?
Addison's disease
Cushing's disease
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What is the cause of Addison's disease?
too little Cortisol and Aldosterone
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Symptoms of Addison's disease
weight loss, decreased appetite, hyperpigmentation, salt craving, muscle or joint pain, body hair loss or sexual dysfunction
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Signs of Addison's disease
darkening areas of skin
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What is the function of androgens?
libido and a sense of well being in both males and females
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What is the cause of Addison's disease (primary and secondary)?
Primary adrenal insufficiency- adrenal cortex is damaged
Secondary adrenal insufficiency- pituitary gland diseased. Corticosteroids used for treatment (tx)- Asthma
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What is the cause of Cushing's disease?
too much cortisol
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Symptoms of Cushing's disease
thinning of skin, bruising, high BP, puffy face- moon face, buffalo hump (back of neck/shoulders), face puffy and rounded
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what is the function of the kidneys?
regulates BP (maintain sodium and water)
controls thirst
produce 1,25 dyhydroxyvitamin D3, Erythropoietin, Renin
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How is thirst controlled?
receptor cells in hypothalamus activate when hypertonic conditions and secrete hormones
blood volume increases pressure in atria activating stretch receptors
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What hormones control renal function?
ADH, Renin-Angiotensin, Parathyroid Hormone, Aldosterone
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Function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?
control blood pressure/ blood volume
reabsorption of water directly from renal tubules by acting on epithelial cells of distal renal tubule
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Another name for ADH?
Vasopressin
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Purpose of ADH?
Limits water lost in urine by reabsorbing to plasma thus increasing sodium/water concentration in urine
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Where is aldosterone made?
adrenal gland- zona glomerulosa
it is a mineralocorticoid
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What is the most abundant hormone from the zona glomerulosa?
aldosterone
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What is the function of aldosterone?
sodium and water reabsorption
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What causes an increase is secretion of aldosterone?
blood potassium levels increase
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What will an increase in sodium reabsorption cause?
an increase of fluid in the blood
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