final exam 3/3

Question 1

scientific method / scientific process

Answer 1

Observe, question, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, result

Question 2

what are the basic properties of life?

Answer 2

Order
Reproduction
Growth and development
Controlled by DNA
Energy processing
Chemical energy is stored and used
Response to stimuli 
Regulation
Evolution

Question 3

central dogma of biology

Answer 3

The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
It is often stated as “DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein”

Question 4

how does DNA get replicated?

Answer 4

Double helix unwinds, providing single a single stranded DNA template, priming, elongation, replacement

Question 5

how is DNA used to produce proteins?

Answer 5

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into protein by the joint action of transfer RNA (tRNA) and the ribosome, which is composed of numerous proteins and two major ribosomal RNA

Question 6

how are ribosomes involved in protein production?

Answer 6

Ribosomes organize translation and catalyze the reaction that joins amino acids to make a protein chain

Question 7

what is codominance / incomplete dominance?

Answer 7

Incomplete dominance = A red flower and a white flower create a pink flower
Codominance = A red flower and a white flower create a white and red flower

Question 8

how does speciation work?

Answer 8

Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.

Question 9

how is cladistic analysis different from phenetics?

Answer 9

Cladistics classifies organisms according to the order in time that branches arise along a phylogenetic tree
Phenetics is the study of relationships among a group of organisms on the basis of the degree of similarity between them

Question 10

what are the main groups of organic macromolecules?

Answer 10

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Lipids

Question 11

how does cell division work?

Answer 11

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

Question 12

mitosis

Answer 12

the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells

Question 13

meiosis

Answer 13

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells