Final Exam

Question 1

Conscience

Answer 1

The capacity to apply moral principles to specific situations

Question 2

Moral Relativism

Answer 2

the position that moral judgments have no objectivity, and express nothing other than either purely subjective expressions of personal opinion or purely contingent cultural norms.

Question 3

St. Joseph Bakhita

Answer 3

Was a Sudanese woman who was kidnapped as a child. After experiencing conversion, she became a religious sister whose life was filled with joy

Question 4

Bl. John Henry Newman

Answer 4

“Ten Thousand difficulties do make one doubt”

Question 5

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 5

appropriated Aristotle’s moral philosophy and expanded on it. He distinguished between Natural Virtues and Supernatural Virtues.

Question 6

St. Augustine

Answer 6

“The good of grace in one justified is greater than the good of nature in the whole universe.”

Question 7

Nominalism

Answer 7

the position that universal concepts have no reality except in the human mind

Question 8

Consequentialism

Answer 8

the position that the morality of an action is determined exclusively by the results of the action

Question 9

Deontology

Answer 9

maintained that morality is determined exclusively by duty, which is always the same regardless of circumstance, and regardless of any outcome or consequence

Question 10

Hedonism

Answer 10

the position that the pursuit of pleasure is the highest value, associated with Greek philosopher Epicurus

Question 11

Servais Pinckaers

Answer 11

The moral theologian who coined the phrase freedom of indifference

Question 12

Nihilism

Answer 12

the position that there are no values or truths which can be known by the human person, but that the person creates his or her own values and truths

Question 13

Exaggerated Realism

Answer 13

The position associated with Plato and St. Augustine that universals exist and are independently indifferent

Question 13

Moderate Realism

Answer 13

The position that universals exist but only in particulars

Question 14

Emotivism

Answer 14

position that moral judgments are simply expressions of taste

Question 15

The Thomistic analysis of an act

Answer 15

1. the motive of an agent
2. the circumstances of the act
3. the object of the act

Question 16

The role of motive

Answer 16

a good motive is a necessary but insufficient condition for a good act

Question 17

The Golden Mean

Answer 17

the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency. -Aristotle

Question 18

The Principle of Double Effect

Answer 18

the calvinist heresy that one’s own free will plays no part in one’s salvation or damnation

Question 19

Trent

Answer 19

19 ecumenical council

Question 20

Justification

Answer 20

the process wherby God, in His mercy, brings a sinner into relationship with Himself

Question 21

Faith

Answer 21

The theological virtue which elevates the intellect

Question 22

Gossip

Answer 22

a sin against love whereby one speaks ill of another without the genuine need or duty to do so

Question 23

Lukewarmness

Answer 23

Negligent hesitation to respond to God’s love

Question 24

Ingratitude

Answer 24

a sin against love whereby one fails to adopt a stance of thanksgiving for the blessings one has received

Question 25

Envy

Answer 25

is the inability to rejoice in the good of another, whereby one interprets the good of another as harm to oneself.

Question 26

Eros

Answer 26

The Greek word for desire

Question 27

Forensic Justification

Answer 27

the Lutheran heresy that justification is applied by God in an extrinsic way, such that one is not truly internally transformed. It is also known as "Alien Righteousness."

Question 28

Sola Fide

Answer 28

the Lutheran principle of Justification by faith "alone," which is rejected by the Church because it ignores the necessity of good works

Question 29

1 Corinthians 8

Answer 29

Is the passage of the scripture which provides the foundation for the Catholic teaching on conscience

Question 30

Utilitarianism

Answer 30

the moral action is the one that maximizes the most pleasure or utility

Question 31

Voluntarism

Answer 31

the moral law is nothing more than an expression of God's will

Question 32

Incredulity

Answer 32

The willful refusal to asent God's revelation

Question 33

Agape

Answer 33

Radically generous and distinguished love; Gods own way of loving

Question 34

Storge

Answer 34

the Greek word for the instinctual bond between family members

Question 35

Apostasy

Answer 35

The loss of abandonment of faith through ones own fault

Question 36

Acedia

Answer 36

Is an aversion to spiritual joys

Question 37

Solā Gratiā

Answer 37

the Lutheran principle of justification by grace "alone" which is rejected by the Church because it ignores the need for one's own cooperation and response to God's own gifts

Question 38

Philia

Answer 38

Is the Greek word for friendship

Question 39

Pride

Answer 39

the Deadly sin whereby one interprets oneself as the center, rather than God; in his vice, one attributes all of one's good traits exclusively to oneself. It is a distortion of the intellect

Question 40

St. John of the Cross

Answer 40

was a Spanish priest and poet, who taught about the dark night of the soul

Question 41

Heresy

Answer 41

The willful and obstinate refusal to accept an aspect of revealed truth, because I shose which aspect of the truth which I prefer

Question 42

Total Depravity

Answer 42

the Calvinist heresy that the goodness of nature was completely destroyed by the Fall.

Question 43

Hope

Answer 43

The theological virtue which elevates the memory

Question 44

Presumption

Answer 44

an arrogant assumption of one's salvation, either through over confidence in ones own merits or distorting the mercy of god by neglecting one's own need for conversation

Question 45

Voluntary Doubt

Answer 45

The neglect of, disregard for, or refusal to assent to the truth's of the faith (to be distinguished from involuntary doubt

Question 46

Despair

Answer 46

Willful failure to trust in the goodness and mercy of God

Question 47

Malice

Answer 47

Deliberately the harm of another, whether temporal or spiritual, whether God or a human being

Question 48

Greed

Answer 48

also known as avarice, is a disordered relationship with money and possessions

Question 49

Gluttony

Answer 49

A disorder relationship with food

Question 50

Lust

Answer 50

Is a disorder relationship with sexuality