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Government > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

A system where governmental power is divided into two or more levels

A

Federalism

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2
Q

Specifically granted

A

Enumerated powers

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3
Q

Greatly enlarges the scope of national power

A

Elastic clause

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4
Q

Legal process of returning an alleged criminal to the state in which he is charged

A

Extradition

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5
Q

Government programs initiated by FDR

A

New Deal

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6
Q

True/ False: The 16th Amendment is known as the income tax amendment.

A

True

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7
Q

True/ False: Thomas Jefferson was a strong defender of states rights.

A

True

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8
Q

True/ False: Full faith and credit means that states have the freedom to ignore the laws of other states.

A

False

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9
Q

True/ False: Implied powers are spelled out in the Constitution’s text but aren’t derived from enumerated powers.

A

False

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10
Q

True/ False: Politically speaking, the right prefers bigger government, while the left would prefer it to be smaller.

A

False

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11
Q

When the federal government allocates some of its tax revenues to the states

A

Revenue sharing

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12
Q

Combining several grants under a large umbrella

A

Block grants

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13
Q

Governed by the demographics of a given area

A

Formula grants

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14
Q

Given to state and local governments for a specific purpose and with certain guidelines

A

Categorical grants

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15
Q

Represent a major portion of the federal budget

A

Grants-in-aid

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16
Q

Grants permitting greater discretion in how much aide is given to the task at hand

A

Project grants

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17
Q

National and state governments are sovereign within their own spheres

A

Dual federalism

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18
Q

What factor makes it possible for states to differ from one another?

A

The Constitution gives states sovereignty over many aspects of their government

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19
Q

What is the proper nickname for the necessary and proper clause and why is it called this?

A

The elastic clause, because Congress is able to stretch the meaning of the clause in order to sanction its actions

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20
Q

Which constitutional amendment guarantees the reserved powers of the states and the people?

A

The 10th Amendment

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21
Q

How does the privileges and immunities clause protect American citizens?

A

It guarantees that a person’s rights cannot be set aside when he visits a different state

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22
Q

What event in America’s history significantly changed American’s perceptions of the federal government?

A

The Great Depression

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23
Q

True/ False: Two of the four obligations the Constitution places on the national government in relation to the states are the national government must honor the territorial rights of the state and it may not intervene if the state needs help in suppressing domestic violence.

A

False

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24
Q

True/ False: Robert E. Lee defended the rights of Virginia, while John C. Calhoun defended South Carolina.

A

True

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25
Q

True/ False: An exception to the full faith and credit clause is that states are not required to give full faith and credit in every case of divorce.

A

True

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26
Q

True/ False: State and national powers are derived from the Articles of Confederation and local power is derived from state power.

A

False

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27
Q

True/ False: States may distinguish between residents and non-ris dents concerning state university tuition and drivers’ licenses.

A

False

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28
Q

Organized to gain power by winning elections

A

Political parties

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29
Q

Usually organized around a particular issue

A

Minor parties

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30
Q

Strong devotion to a political party

A

Partisanship

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31
Q

A spirit of two-party cooperation

A

Bipartisanship

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32
Q

A temporary alliance of several groups

A

Coalition

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33
Q

True/ False: The convention was first used by the Anti-Federalist Party in 1831.

A

False

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34
Q

True/ False: A caucus is a large meeting of a party’s top leaders at the White House.

A

False

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35
Q

True/ False: In a political campaign, a political party and candidate try to attract voter support in an election.

A

True

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36
Q

True/ False: Most of today’s dictatorships have a one-party system of government.

A

True

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37
Q

True/ False: The spoils system involves the practice of giving jobs to friends and supporters.

A

True

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38
Q

Formed around a particular issue or agenda

A

Interest groups

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39
Q

Those who have no party affiliation

A

Independent voters

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40
Q

Smallest units of election districts and party administration

A

Precincts

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41
Q

Voting for candidates of both parties for different offices

A

Ticket splitting

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42
Q

Represents one of our two national parties and is currently choosing between Hilary Clinton and Bernie Sanders

A

Democratic National Committee

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42
Q

State-run election for the purpose of selecting the party nominee

A

Nominating primary

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43
Q

Small meeting of a party’s top leaders and legislators in Congress

A

Caucus

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44
Q

Generally known as one whose political view seeks to change the political, economic, and social status quo

A

Liberal

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45
Q

What is a political party’s major purpose?

A

To nominate or name candidates for public office

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46
Q

Democrats and Republicans dominate this system

A

Two-party system

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47
Q

Was first used by the Anti-Mason party in 1831 and is an assembly of party representatives

A

Convention

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48
Q

Represents one of our two major political parties and looks like it has picked Donald Trump

A

Republican National Committee

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49
Q

What districts are divided into in large cities

A

Wards

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50
Q

System of government most dictatorships have

A

One-party system

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51
Q

The practice of giving jobs to friends and supporters

A

Spoils system

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52
Q

Explain why multi-party systems aren’t as stable as what we have in the US.

A

In multi-party systems, many fashions divide the electorate making it difficult for one party to win a majority. Coalitions between these parties do not always hold together.

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53
Q

What does Madison say concerning the causes of political division?

A

The causes of political division are sown in the nature of man

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54
Q

When did political campaigning begin?

A

In Andrew Jackson’s campaign for president in 1828

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55
Q

List three ways third parties have influenced the American political system.

A

1) began the use of a national convention to elect a presidential candidate
2) can play an important role in election results
3) draws attention to specific issues that the major parties ignore or do not strongly support

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56
Q

Name three factors contributing to the fragmented nature of political parties.

A

1) membership strength
2) federalism
3) nominating process

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57
Q

True/ False: Widespread protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention led to major campaign reforms.

A

True

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58
Q

True/ False: The two major purposes of a political party are to nominate the party’s candidates for president and Vice President and to approve the party platform.

A

True

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59
Q

True/ False: A splinter party is usually formed over a personality conflict or policy conflict win a major party.

A

True

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60
Q

True/ False: By shifting the power focus from the party organization to the campaign organization, primaries have served to strengthen political parties.

A

False

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61
Q

True/ False: The major parties tend to increase extremism and separate diverse interests when it comes to broad principles.

A

False

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62
Q

Expenses by a person or group that communicates to the voters to help elect or defeat a candidate without the candidate’s knowledge or support

A

Independent expenditures

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63
Q

Campaign money raised apart from federal regulations

A

Soft money

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64
Q

To officially enroll for the purpose of voting

A

Register

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65
Q

Paid advertisements

A

Spots

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66
Q

Also known as a wide open primary

A

Blanket primary

67
Q

Participants must be registered as members of one party and may only vote for candidates from that party

A

Closed primary

68
Q

Elections held to select candidates and/or delegates to party conventions

A

Direct primary

69
Q

Current office-holder

A

Incumbent

70
Q

When one who intends on running for office lets the people know

A

Independent announcement

71
Q

A process used to fill an elective office

A

General election

72
Q

True/ False: Constituents are elected officials of a particular district.

A

False

73
Q

True/ False: A straight ticket is when people vote for all the candidates in one party.

A

True

74
Q

True/ False: Poll watchers are individuals appointed by political parties and candidates to observe the polls on Election Day.

A

True

75
Q

True/ False: Campaign money raised for a specific candidate in federal elections and spent according to federal law is called tough cash.

A

False

76
Q

True/ False: Absentee voters are the first in line to vote on Election Day.

A

False

77
Q

If the Supreme Court had not banned the blanket primary in 2000, how could political parties have used it to their advantage?

A

Chapter 9

78
Q

Using various techniques to select and manipulate info so as to persuade or influence people effectively

A

Propaganda

79
Q

Socially offensive speech

A

Obscenity

80
Q

Degrees of legal protection of confidentiality for the media

A

Shield laws

81
Q

A public network that provides coverage of House and Senate proceedings

A

C-Span

82
Q

People concerned with a particular issue such as abortion or gun control

A

Single-interest groups

83
Q

True/ False: The AFL-CIO is the largest healthcare interest group in the country.

A

False

84
Q

True/ False: A representative sample contains the opinions of people in a survey group.

A

True

85
Q

True/ False: Straw polls are informal polls.

A

True

86
Q

True/ False: Domestic policy includes diplomacy, trade relations, and war.

A

False

87
Q

True/ False: The sum of government’s goals and actions made in response to public opinion is known as Public Policy.

A

True

88
Q

Radio and television stations are licensed and regulated by the

A

Federal Communications Commission

89
Q

Published false statements that injure one’s reputation

A

Slander

90
Q

Means that the government cannot review and censor info before it is presented to the public

A

Prior restraint

91
Q

Work on behalf of candidates deemed favorable to its goals

A

Political action committees

92
Q

The attempt to influence public officials in support of a special group

A

Lobbying

93
Q

The largest labor union in the USA

A

AFL-CIO

94
Q

Voters who participate in elections and are included in a poll

A

Representative sample

95
Q

Voters who have a pragmatic “whatever works” approach to politics rather than any firm ideology

A

Moderates

96
Q

Those views held by private persons which governments find it prudent to heed

A

Public opinion

97
Q

Reflects the relative importance of the issues- some at the top, others at the bottom

A

Agenda

98
Q

Friend of the court

A

Amicus curiae

99
Q

Gives the media and private individuals broad powers to investigate files of the federal bureaucracy

A

FOIA

100
Q

Influence government officials about some political issue or group of issues

A

Interest groups

101
Q

Preventing or delaying the passage of a bill

A

Filibuster

102
Q

Composed of members from both the House and Senate and serve as an advisory board

A

Joint committees

103
Q

If the president leaves a bill unsigned for ten days during a congressional adjournment, that bill is automatically vetoed

A

Pocket veto

104
Q

Free postage

A

Franking privilege

105
Q

The party with the most members in the House or Senate can decide who fills this role

A

Majority leader

106
Q

True/ False: The selection of party leadership is made in a pro tempore.

A

False

107
Q

True/ False: One delegate and four resident commissioners represent US territories and the District of Columbia.

A

False

108
Q

True/ False: Single member districts have one representative elected from a given region.

A

True

109
Q

True/ False: A census is an official count of every member of government held every 10 years.

A

False

110
Q

True/ False: A House member is not required to reside in the congressional district he/she represents.

A

False

111
Q

Two- house Congress

A

Bicameral

112
Q

State legislatures redraw the congressional lines to reflect population shifts

A

Reapportionment

113
Q

Members of different parties join together in support of or in opposition to a bill because of some common interest

A

Coalition

114
Q

What are in charge of communications between party members in the House or Senate?

A

Majority and minority whips

115
Q

A largely honorary position given to the most senior member of the Senate’s majority party

A

President pro tempore

116
Q

One of the only congressional appointments actually named in the Constitution

A

Speaker of the House

117
Q

Permanent and generally more powerful than other similar groups

A

Standing committees

118
Q

Ad hoc (temporary) groups

A

Conference committees

119
Q

What chamber of Congress is more Democratic and why?

A

The House, because it is based on population

120
Q

List three of the major differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate.

A

1) House- 435 members vs. Senate- 100 members
2) House- 2 year limit vs. Senate- 6 year limit
3) House- high turnover vs. Senate- moderate turnover

121
Q

What is the primary function of Congress?

A

To make laws that govern America

122
Q

What financial benefits do members of Congress receive?

A

In addition to salaries, franking privileges as well as allowances for staff, offices, and travel

123
Q

What are the stages a bill goes through to become a law?

A

1) introduced in either the House or the Senate
2) sent to a committee
3) if approved, voted on by the full chamber
4) if approved by both houses but with differences, sent to a conference committee
5) if approved, sent to the president

124
Q

Why were the congressional elections of 1994 significant?

A

Marked the first Republican takeover of Congress since 1954, Newt Gingrich became first Republican Speaker of the House

125
Q

What are the roles of the majority leader in the Senate and the Speaker in the House of Relresentatives?

A

Senate majority leader- Controls the flow of legislation

Speaker of the House- Presides in that chamber and makes decisions on legislation, debate, and service on committees

126
Q

How does the president affect the enactment of laws?

A

He can sign them, veto them, or ignore them

127
Q

Why does the Senate often take longer to pass legislation than the House takes?

A

Being a smaller body, the Senate is more informal, works more slowly, can debate at length, and has its work scheduled by the majority leader

128
Q

Why are committee chairmanships important?

A

They decide whether to schedule hearings on a bill, write legislation, control a committee staff budget, and listen to those who want to influence legislation

129
Q

True/ False: The Constitution began with a discussion of Congress in Article I because the framers valued Congress as a counter-balance to executive power.

A

True

130
Q

True/ False: Cloture has nothing to do with filibusters.

A

False

131
Q

True/ False: Generally, the Congress was more powerful in the 20th century, but the president was in the 19th century.

A

False

132
Q

True/ False: Keeping district boundaries the same so as not to favor a political party is called gerrymandering.

A

False

133
Q

Seemingly unnecessary trips abroad taken by politicians

A

Junkets

134
Q

List three things about the judicial branch.

A

1) Supreme Court
2) nine judges
3) appointed for life

135
Q

How does Romans 12:2 apply to the development of the one’s opinions?

A

The renewing of your mind may transform your thoughts on public policy

136
Q

Identify the four stages of public policy development.

A

1) identifying issue
2) setting an agenda
3) formulating policy
4) implementation and evaluation

137
Q

What are the basic modern implications of the words “liberal” and “conservative”?

A

Liberals- usually identify as favoring larger government

Conservative- usually identifies as being opposed to government expansion

138
Q

Presidential directives having the force of law

A

Executive orders

139
Q

Bring charges against the president or major federal officials

A

Impeachment

140
Q

Term of office

A

Tenure

141
Q

Yearly speech to the nation given by the president

A

State of the Union

142
Q

When the president opposes a bill passed by Congress and refuses to sign it into law

A

Veto

143
Q

True/ False: A pocket veto has nothing to do with the president.

A

False

144
Q

True/ False: The 22nd Amendment restricted the amount of terms the president could serve.

A

True

145
Q

True/ False: A president is considered a lame duck when he loses popularity with the American people.

A

False

146
Q

True/ False: The line item veto allows the president to veto parts of the Constitution he doesn’t agree with.

A

False

147
Q

True/ False: The president is kept in the dark regarding military covert operations in order to keep him safe.

A

False

148
Q

How are executive and judicial branches of government involved in public policy?

A

Executive- executive orders, treaties, diplomatic orders

Judicial- legislation through court cases

149
Q

Why must politicians be wary of public opinion?

A

Public opinion is always changing and may not be correct info

150
Q

True/ False: Another name for an interest group is “influence group”.

A

False

151
Q

True/ False: The media would never give certain info more extensive or prominent coverage to manipulate the public.

A

False

152
Q

True/ False: Three of the five categories of interest groups are economic, single-interest, and civic.

A

True

153
Q

True/ False: With opinion polls, different wording of specific questions never really leads people to make different responses.

A

False

154
Q

True/ False: Some public opinion issues have lasting interest while others are short-lived.

A

True

155
Q

What are three of the five chief functions of the presidency?

A

1) as chief executive, the president administers and enforces the law
2) as commander in chief, he can order overt military action and covert operations
3) as diplomatic leader, the president initiates and implements treaties and other activities connected with foreign policy

156
Q

What influential function of the president was not included in the Constitution and was never envisioned by its framers?

A

The president being party leader and as party leader, the president chooses the policy-making personnel within his party and campaigns for fellow members of his party

157
Q

What are the two most significant restrictions on the power of the president?

A

Limited tenure and the power of impeachment

158
Q

Who were the only president ever to be impeached?

A

Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton

159
Q

What two responsibilities does the Constitution place on the Vice President?

A

1) he is to succeed the president on the president’s death or disability
2) he is to preside over the Senate where he can cast the vote to break a tie

160
Q

What is the executive office of the president, why was it formed, and what are its main offices?

A

1) the EOP is made up of White House offices and agencies that help develop and implement presidential programs and policies
2) it was formed in 1939 to help FDR meet the complex demands of a growing nation
3) the two main agencies are the national security council and the office of management and budget

161
Q

What is the function of the president’s cabinet and how many departments does it have?

A

The cabinet assists the president in meeting his constitutional duties and the demands of the growing nation. Each cabinet member heads a major department of the executive branch. There are 15 cabinet offices.

162
Q

What are some of the many pitfalls faced by the president?

A

The tendency to use his extraordinary power illegally or immorally or to allow the fawning attention to divert him from the just use of his authority

163
Q

What is the difference between popularity and greatness?

A

Popularity- the ability to win the favor of many people, often doesn’t last very long
Greatness- transcends popular acclaim and focuses on immortal things

164
Q

What are the six main presidential powers and the two main restrictions on these powers?

A

1) chief executive
2) commander in chief
3) legislative leader
4) diplomatic leader
5) chief of state
6) party leader

1) limited term of office
2) power of impeachment

165
Q

What problem did the Brownlow Report address and what was the result?

A

The president’s need for assistance in handling his increased responsibilities, the result was the creation of the EOP

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