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Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 things that motivational interviewing uses

A

Collaborative, evocative, honoring the patients autonomy

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2
Q

MI has 4 rules what are they

A

R-resist righting reflex
U-understand patients motivation
L-listen to patient
E-empower patient to change

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3
Q

What is the best style of communication to support change

A

Guiding style

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4
Q

What are the 3 forms of communication

A

Following, directing, guiding

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5
Q

What is the AIL guide

A

Ask
Listen
Inform

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6
Q

What are the types of change talk

A

DARN CT

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7
Q

What does darn ct stand for?

A 
D-desire
A-ability
R-reasons
N-need
C-commitment
T-taking steps
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8
Q

Maternal health definition

A

Health of a woman in childbearing years including pre pregnancy, pregnancy, and those caring for young children

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9
Q

Maternal mortality definition

A

Death of a woman within 42 days or termination of pregnancy or while pregnant related to any cause from pregnancy

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10
Q

When is prenatal care needed

A

Time of conception to birth

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11
Q

How many times more likely to die or born early without prenatal care

A

3x more likely for low birth

4x more likely to die in infancy

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12
Q

Infant mortality definition

A

Death of child under 1 year

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13
Q

Low weight babies are how many times more likely of infant mortality

A

4x

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14
Q

What is the definition of premature

A

Before 37 weeks gestation

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15
Q

Leading cause of low birth weight babies is what

A

Smoking during pregnancy

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16
Q

In the us how many babies die from SIDS

A

2,500 (low 1900 now)

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17
Q

How long should infants be exclusively fed by breast milk

A

First 6 months of life

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18
Q

What is so important about breast milk

A

Immune function, optimal growth, and development

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19
Q

Low weight babies are how many times more likely of infant mortality

A

4x

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20
Q

What is the definition of premature

A

Before 37 weeks gestation

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21
Q

Leading cause of low birth weight babies is what

A

Smoking during pregnancy

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22
Q

In the us how many babies die from SIDS

A

2,500 (low 1900 now)

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23
Q

How long should infants be exclusively fed by breast milk

A

First 6 months of life

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24
Q

What is so important about breast milk

A

Immune function, optimal growth, and development

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25
Number one cause of childhood morbidity and mortality
Unintentional injury
26
Who administers WIC program
USDA
27
Who does the WIC program help
Pregnant women, postpartum, breastfeeding woman, infants, and children under age 5
28
Are baby walkers recommended
No
29
Why are baby walkers bad
Don't develop crawl phenomenon, no brain wiring, accidents down stairs
30
What is the clean air act of 1990
Passed 1963 Watch Particulate matter and ground level ozone Heavy fines if levels are too high
31
What gas is a big source of pollutant in air
Radon
32
How much of the planet is covered in water
70
33
How much water is fresh and accessible
3% fresh and 1% accessible
34
What is an aquifer
Underground soil formation saturated with water and available for human use by pumping
35
WBDO
Water exposure which at least 2 people have been epidemiologically linked to drinking water
36
What are EDCs
Endocrine disrupting chemicals aka xenoestrogens
37
Quality of municipal drinking water done by
Epa
38
Extraterrestrial vs terrestrial vs internal
Extra- sun and outer space Ter- earths minerals Int- body from ingestion
39
What type of Ray is harmful
UVB
40
What is the NCIPC
National center for injury prevention and control
41
Who established the NCIPC
Cdc
42
Leading causes of death
Unintentional injury, homicide, suicide
43
What is the leading cause of injury in older adults
Falls
44
Health promotion
The process of improving the health of a population by enabling people to increase control over their health
45
Health education
The communication of information intended to improve knowledge about health in order to encourage people to take action to improve their health
46
Trans-theoretical model of behavior change
biopsychosocial model- Essentially a self-help approach that views successful lifestyle change as possible, but only with considerable planning
47
steps of trans-theoretical model of behavioral change
``` 1-precontemplation 2-contemplation 3-preparation 4-action 5-maintenance 6-termination ```
48
precontemplation
Person may be unaware of need for change or feels he or she can’t change Consciousness-raising is a key strategy
49
contemplation
beginning to think about change
50
cognitive dissonance
internal conflict
51
emotional arousal
heightened physiological activities and extremes of emotion
52
preparation
planning to take action | SMART goals
53
action
overt changes | rewards and incentives
54
maintenance
retain the gains and prevent relapse
55
termination
ultimate goal
56
ambivalence
a state of mind in which a person has coexisting but conflicting feelings about some things
57
infant ages
less than 1
58
child ages
1-14
59
how many pregnancies are unintentional
1/2
60
environmental health
study and managements of environmental conditions that affect the health and wellbeing of humans
61
FEMA
federal emergency management agency- prepares communities for all hazards and manages the federal response and recovery efforts after any national incident
62
Major source of solid waste
agricultural
63
RCRA
resource conservation and recovery act-1976- disposal of solid and hazardous waste
64
Where is the MC site of solid waste
sanitary landifills
65
where is the 2nd site for solid waste
combustion (incineration)
66
How do we dispose of hazardous waste management
deep well injection
67
what are brownfields
abandonded industrial sites where clean up and reuse are difficult
68
global warming
caused in part by greenhouse gases which hold in heat→chloroflourocarbons, and carbon dioxide
69
how much have harmful air toxins reduced by
70%
70
What is the key component of environmental health
70% of planet is covered with water
71
What percent of the world's population has no access to basic sanitation and clean water
42%
72
EDC
Endocrine-disruption chemicals AKA: Xenoestrogens
73
Domestic water treatment
(1) Coagulation and flocculation (Alum) (2) Sedimentation (3) Filtration: carbon and sand filters (4) Disinfection: Chlorine, ozone, and UV light
74
natural radiation
extraterrestrial radiation (sun and outer space), terrestrial (earth’s minerals), and internal (inside the body from digestion)
75
human made radiation
X-rays, nuclear medicine, consumer products, nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons
76
what type of UV light causes most harm to humans
UVB
77
Lead
naturally occurring mineral element that is found throughout the environment and used in industrial products
78
Injuries
unintentional or intentional damage to the body resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen (frostbite, hypoxia)
79
intentional injuries
deliberately inflicted harm→also referred to as violence Account of 1/3 of all injuries
80
unintentional injuries
unplanned injuries sustained in fires, falls, poisonings, drowning and traffic-related incidents Leading cause of death among persons < 44 years of age
81
top 3 causes of unintentinal injuries
(1) traffic crashes→(2) poisoning→ (3) falls
82
What percentage of traffic crash deaths are caused by alcohol
40%
83
Poisonings
deaths almost always caused by drugs Mainly opioid pain medications, followed by cocaine and heroin
84
How many adults 65 and older fall each year in the US
1/3
85
What is the total direct cost of low back injury
90 billion/year
86
Where is the most affected area of the body by musculoskeletal disorders
trunk
87
What is cumulative trauma disorders
repetitive stress injuries
88
Washington state story
chiros included in work comp
89
What is the prevalence of lifetime MSK condition
85%

Public Health (2 decks)

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