final exam Flashcards
(53 cards)
sensory memory
briefest division, holds image of stimuli experiencing at a given time, for maybe a few seconds at the most
short term memory
brief storage of info you are currently using, can hold 7 plus or minus 2 items for 30 seconds at a time
chunking
instead of memorizing individual things, memorizing things in groups
rehersal (2 types)
- maintenance: repeating over and over
2. elaborative rehearsal: giving new info meaning to remember
working memory
- use when trying to understand new info, remember something, solving problems
long term memory
: permanent storage for memory, unlimited capacity, up to you how much is in LTM, can hold them from minutes ago to years ago
2 branches of LTM
declarative: explicit memory, consciously aware of, things you know are learning and consciously learning
nondeclarative: implicit memory, motor skills, and learning thru classical conditioning (walking)
2 branches of declarative LTM
- episodic: personal memory, you are subjectively
ii. Semantic: facts you know about the world, everyone knows it, general knowledge
recall
producing required info, having to come up with answer then confirm
recognition
: identifying the right answer
relearning
retention that is expressed by percentage of time saved, how much of the memory you keep since the first time you learned something
serial position effect
the order in which we learn something matters. More likely to remember thing in the beginning of list and end of list rather than those in the middle
context and memory
: the best situation is that you learn something and are tested in the same context, if you learn something in one classroom and are tested in the same classroom then we are more likely to better when you are in that classroom
ebbighaus
: nonsense syllables, told students to memorize them, forgetting curve: most forgetting people did happened right after they learned something, after you learned something, you will have most dramatic forgetting and then tapers off
6 causes of forgetting
- encoding failure
- Decay: our memories fade bc we don’t use them for a long time
- Interference:
- Consolidation: failure at hippocampus, prevents from LTM from forming
- Motivated forgetting: repression of a memory that isn’t prominent, trying to forget the memory
- retrieval failure: not being about to retrieve something even though its in your LTM
2 types of interference
- proactive (info previously learned effecting info you just learned) and
- retroactive (info you just learned interfering with info you previously learned)
retrograde amnesia
not being able to remember events or things learned before the onset of disease or injury
antereograde amnesia
can’t form new LTM (paitent HM)
long term potentiation
LTP, strengthing of synapses in neural networks when you learn something new, when one or more axons bombard a dendrite at one particular time
social psych explains what
o Explains how the preence of others effect an individual
o Other people affect the ABC’s of others:
A: affect
B: behavior
C: Cognition
the primacy effect
the tendency for our overall… based on what you have heard about someone
attributions
: assignment of cause to explain a behavior of ourselves or our behavior
situation attributions
: attributing a behavior or attitude to an external cause
dispositional attributions
: attributing a behavior or attitude to their internal aspects of a person
