Final Exam Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
A
Masjid-i Ja’mi, Isfahan, Iran (9th, 11th, 12th, 16th c), Safavid
- Iranian architecture
- Glazed tiles, soaring portals, bulbous domes, slender minarets
- Composition based on addition and symmetry
- Little structural innovation
- Colorful tile revetments conceal structural banality
- Built and decorated vast structures in a short time
- Urban ensemble encompasses commerical, religious and political functions
2
Q
A
Grand National Assembly, Ankara (1938)
- Architect = Clemens Holzmeister
- Turkey changed language and assembly post-Ottomans
3
Q
A
Frere Hall, Karachi, Pakistan (1865)
- Architect = H. St. Clair Wilkins
4
Q
A
Fatih Complex, Istanbul (1459-70), Ottoman
- Architect was Usta Sinan
- Located on the fourth hill of Istanbul, formerly occupied by the Church of the Holy Apostles
- Plan of the complex was rigidly symmetrical
- Mosque in the center of court
- Court sides lined with eight madrasas
- Contained a primary school, hospital, soup kitchen, market with 400 shops
- “…to repair and fill with light the house of knowledge and to convert the imperial capital into a realm of learning”
5
Q
A
Khedival (Royal) Opera House, Cairo, Egypt (1869, no longer existent)
- Architect = Pietro Avoscani
6
Q
A
Imam Reza, Mashhad (9th, 15th, 17th c), Safavid
7
Q
A
Wazir Khan Mosque, Lahore (1635), Mughal
- Persian kishi-kari tile work
- Motifs of star-shaped flowers and grapevines
- Portal features Quran’ic inscriptions
- Interior frescos depict trees, wine, fruit = allusions to paradise
- Iwan features muquarnas
8
Q
A
Amir Juffali Mosque, Jeddah (1986)
- Architect = Abdel Wahed El-Wakil
- Aniconic
- Fortess-like in its extrustion
9
Q
A
Al Fahidi Fort, Dubai (1799)
Dubai Museum, Dubai (1997)
10
Q
A
Saadiyat (Happiness) Island Cultural District, Abu Dhai (ongoing)
11
Q
A
Tomb of Nur Jahan, Lahore (1632), Mughal
- Constructed for empress
- Red sandstone mausoleum
- Vaulted ceilings covered with marble and flower mosaics
- Epitaph: ‘On the grave of this poor stranger, let there be neither lamp nor rose. Let neither butterfly’s wing burn nor nightingale sing’
12
Q
A
Masjid-i Shah (Mosque of the Shah), Isfahan, Iran (1612-30), Safavid
- Central court surrounded by arcades
- Iwan in the middle of each side
- Domed sanctuary beyond iwan on qibla side
- Domed sanctuary flanked by rectangular chambers covered by eight domes
- Served as winter prayer halls
- Twin minarets extruded from portal and iwan
- Marble dado with upper surfaces of polychrome glazed tiles (mainly blue)
- Double-shelled dome
- Edge of iwan inscribed with relgious text written in white thuluth script
13
Q
A
Dubai National Bank, Dubai (1997)
- Architect = Carlos Ott and NOR
14
Q
A
Great Mosque of Xian, China (1368-98)
- Arabic and Chinese inscriptions
- Combines indigenous architecture with Islamic functionality
- 3-tiered octagonal pagoda may have served as minaret
15
Q
A
Red Fort, Delhi, India (c. 1638-48), Mughal
- Diwan-i Am (Hall of Public Audience)
- Place for complaints or public affairs
- Ornate interior
- Throne halls become important
- Where king sat, was attended to and made appearances
- King sat on mosaic marble throne
16
Q
A
Red Fort, Agra, India (completed in 1571), Mughal
- Fort is symbolic of military strength
- Mughals felt like a minority, surrounded by Hindus, Christians and Jews
- 500 buildings within the fort
- Made of red sandstone
- Palace as a paradisal space
- The river provides access - ready for seige
The Jahangiri Mahal
- Palace as a paradisal space
17
Q
A
Empress Market, Karachi, Pakistan
18
Q
A
Mayo College, Ajmer, India (1879)
- Architect = Robert Chisholm
- 20th century British take on imperial identity
- Architecture mix of Britain and Mughal
- Clocktower on every municipal building
- Clock tower topped with a crown
19
Q
A
Tawhidkhana (Hall of Unity), Isfahan, Iran, Safavid
20
Q
A
Central Post Office, Casablanca, Morocco (1920)
- Architect = Laforgue
- Metonymic features of Islamic architecture = arches
- Without arches it appears international
21
Q
A
65, Rue Foucauld, Tangier, Morocco (1910-30)
- Naming of cities (imposes colonial culture onto colony)
- Photography a tool to capture Islamic urbanism
22
Q
A
Government Secretariat Buildings, Islamabad, Pakistan (1966)
- Architect = G. Ponti
- Secure military space
- Italian source
- Replica of corbusier’s functional style
23
Q
A
Great Mosque, Huangzhou, China (1314-20)
24
Q
A
Burj Khalifa, Dubai (2010)
- Architect = SOM
25
**Uaddan Hotel and Casino**, Tripoli, Libya (1935)
* Architect = Di Fausto
* Trained western architects brough out to colonies
* Proximity between Italy and North African produced familiar architecture
* The colony was a space of experimentation
26
**Allahverdi Khan Bridge**, Isfahan, Iran (1602), Safavid
* Across the Zayandeh river
* 2 rows of 33 arches on either side
27
**Qaysariya Bazaar** (Imperial Bazaar), Isfahan, Iran (1590-5, 1600-5), Safavid
* 2km bazaar that connected the old maydan to Maydan-i Naqsh-i Jahan
* Illuminated by 50000 lamps at night
* Spandrels revetted with tile mosaix depicting Sagitarius (Isfahan was founded under Sagitarius)
* Interior facades = frescos of Abbas' victories over Shibanids
* Portal has high iwan flanked by arched galleries
28
**Guggenheim Abu Dhabi**
* Architect = Frank Gehry
29
**Taj Mahal**, Agra, India (1631-47), Mughal
* Built by Shah Jahan for his wife
* Intended to build a second for himself
* Along the river
* Endowment = income of 30 villages
* Anniversary of the queen, huge celebration
* White marble is now distressed
30
**Tomb of Humayun**, Delhi, India (1571), Mughal
* Sandstone, highlighted with marble
* Ornamental pavillions derived from Hindu architecture
* 6-point star represents Solomon
* Solomon considered the epitome of kingship
* Endowment used to distribute food on holidays
31
**Badshahi Mosque**, Lahore (1673-4), Mughal
* Red standstone with white marble inlay
* Hallway with 3 primary domes
* Congregation gathered outside on Friday
* Typical white marble domes
* Interior clad in marble
* Apex = upturned lotus
32
**Jami al-Jadid** (New Mosque), Algiers, Algeria (1910-30)
33
**Port Office**, Basra, Iraq (c. 1927)
* Architect = J. M. Wilson
34
**Jumeirah Mosque**, Dubai (1979)
* Architect = Hegazy Engineers
35
**Tomb of Babur**, Kabul, Afghanistan (c. 1530), Mughal
* Built in white marble
* Open-air tomb = sign of piety and orthodoxy
* Orthodox believe covered tomb is idolatrous
* Worshipping space or person
* Funerary headstone mentions descendant's true right to rule
* Built by his son (tombs often built by sons)
* Appropriates the authority of a sacred space
36
**King Faisal Mosque**, Islamabad (1986)
* Architect = Vedat Dalokay
* Replace Ottoman dome with Saudi 'tent'
* Isolated and surrounded by landscaped garden
* Often empty, used as a commerative structure
* Mihrab as an open book
* Large scale hinders sense of community
37
**Amjadiyeh Public Pool**, Tehran (c. 1942)
* City in response to the needs of the people
* Art deco changing room
38
**Villa Salvi**, Tripoli, Libya (1936)
* Architect = Pelligrini and Agujari
* Domestic architecture under explored
* Colonizer being domesticated
39
**Selimiyye Mosque**, Edirne (1569-75)
* Orhan Pamuk said central dome = centralizing political and economic changes
* Designed by Sinan
* Four identical minarets placed around the court
* Light filtered in to decorate the interior
40
**Mosque of Shaykh Lutfullah**, Isfahan, Iran (1602-19), Safavid
* East facade of Maydan-i Naqsh-i Jahan
* Single domed room surrounded by service areas
* Covered with low vaults resting on four octagonal piers
* Lack standard accoutrements of mosques
* Courtyard, iwans, minarets
* More similar to domed mausoleum
* Dome covered with ocher-colored arabesques
41
**Tomb of Jahangir**, Lahore (1627-37), Mughal
* Built by his wife
* Near the river Ravi
* Rivers provide irrigaton lending itself to gardens
* Porcelain motifs on the exterior
* Red sandstone inlaid with white marble
* Simple roof to appease Sunni tradition
42
**National Museum of Iran**, Tehran (1936 -39)
* Architect = Andre Goddard
* Iranians are francophiles
* Import foreign artists (westernization of architecture)
* Blank, geometric, modernist interior - museum vernacular
43
**Plan for Greater Baghdad**, Baghdad (1957-58)
* Architect = Frank Lloyd Wright
* Cultural center, opera house, and university
* Fake island on Tigris
44
**Dar al-'Adiyel**, Fez, Morocco (restored 1920)
* Conserving a past
* Built into the image of locality and simplicity
* Stucco of Moroccan craftsmen
* Colonial period was something to be erased
* Nows post-independents states consider it part of history
45
**Anit Kabir of Mustafa Kemal**, Ankara (1942-53)
* Architect = Emin Onat and Orhan Arda
46
**Shrine of Fatima Masuma**, Qum (9th c, 1519), Safavid
47
**Yesil Camii (Green Mosque)**, Bursa (1412-20), Ottoman
* Zaviye-type mosque
* Complex built by Bayezid I's son, Mehmed I Celebi
* Known as green mosque due to splendid green tile revetment
* Richly decorated interior = unusual for the time
* Iwans on either of central fountain with ribbed domes
* Royal balcony overlooks central hall
* Royal balcony paneled with cuerda seca tiles with a gilded ceiling and pierced tile balustrade
48
**Chihil Sutun** (Forty Columns) Pavilion, Isfahan, Iran
* Built in 1647 by 'Abbas II and rebuilt in 1705
49
**Baghdad Gymnasium**, Baghdad, Iraq (1982)
* Architect = Le Corbusier, completed by Rifat Chadirji
* Concrete/steel
* Mobile
* Created on site
* Universal materiality
* In light of Baghdad's olympic bid
* Functionalism of modern architecture
50
**Great Mosque of Djenné**, Mali (begun in 1906)
* Originally mud architecture
* Indigenous architecture of mud houses
* Curvature of mudhouses translated onto mosque
* Recovered in mud every year by the community
* Both maintenance and celebration
51
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**Karamanli House**, Tripoli, Libya (c. 18th c)
52
**Tomb of Akbar**, Sikandra, India (1613), Mughal
* Completed by Jahangir, Akbar's son
* Removes references to Timurids
* Four-tiered pyramid surmounted by a marble pavilion
53
**Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al Nahyan Mosque**, Abu Dhabi (2007)
54
**Shrine of Shaykh Salim Chishti**, the Imperial City, India (1581), Mughal
* Constructed by Akbar
* Symbolic and practical use of water
* Water irrigates the garden
* King depicted simply but directorially
* Use of quarried stone
* Originally built with red sandstones
* Re-constructed as a white marble mausoleum
* Marble eaves resemble a temple
55
**Tomb of Ayatollah Khomeini**, Tehran (1989)
56
**Baburi Mosque**, Ayodhya, India (1524-7), Mughal
57
**Beylerbeyi Palace**, Istanbul, 1829-32
* Architect = Balyan brothers
58
**Masdar City** (begun 2007-8)
* Architect = Foster and Partners
59
**Topkapi Palace (Yeni Saray)**, Istanbul (1478-19th c.), Ottoman
* Built by Mehmed II as a sign of self-confidence
* Represents an accretion of styles, as it was constantly remodeled and renovated
* Functioned as a royal residence, adminstrative center, dormitories and artistic center
* Extruded towers on either side of the gate
* Hierachical plan as only Sultan and his intimates enjoyed the innermost court
60
**Hasht Bihist** (Eight Paradises) Pavilion, Isfahan, Iran, Safavid
* Represents Muslim eight levels of paradise
* 8 chambers surrounding a central room
61
**Shalimar Gardens**, Lahore (1637), Mughal
* Consists of three terrace levels
* Contains over 400 fountains
* Garden pavillions
* King would sit in a garden pagoda
* Nocturnal spaces decorated with light and water art
62
**Victoria Terminus**, Bombay, India (1880)
* Architect = A. M. Haig
* India seen as the land of resources
63
**Shrine of Shaykh Safi**, Ardabil (14th c, renovated in 16th and 17th c), Safavid
* Dynastic shrine of the Safavid rulers
* Hall of readers
* Dome with qu'ranic verses
* Epigraphic band is not a verse - venerates shi'ism
* Safi was originally sun'i
* Changes his lineage to descend from propher Muhammed
* Become shi'ite
64
**Great Mosque of Guangzhou**, China (7th c, rebuilt in 1350)
* Based on the model of the Chinese courtyard house
* Indigenous architecture of the city
* Directed passage through thresholds until reaching prayer hall
* Constructed mostly in timber
* Initially merchant traders congregated in hosues
* Mosque constructed in the same style
* Minaret was one of the first freestanding cylindrical structures in China
* Doubled as a lighthouse
65
**Hilton Hotel**, Istanbul, Turkey (1955)
* Architect = Gordon Bunshaft and Natalie De Blois (Skidmore, Owings and Merrill) and Sedad Hakki Eldem
66
**Tomb of Itimad al-Daula**, near Agra, India (c. 1628), Mughal
* Queen is a huge patron and authority
* Engaged minaret-like structures
* Pietro duro - hard stone technique brought by Italian craftsmen
* Used semi-precious stones like jasper
* Laid within white marble
* Dome = translation of thatched roof
67
**Zayed Museum**
* Architect = Foster and Associates
68
**Suleymaniyye Mosque**, Istanbul (1550-7), Ottoman
* Only Sultanic mosque had four minarets
* Taller pair of minarets at the junction of mosque and court have 3 balconies
* Pair of minarets at the north end have 2 balconies
* 10 balconies = 10th Ottoman sultan
* Colonnaded peristyle courtyard with columns of marble, granite and porphyry
* Complex had four madrasa, hospital, public bath and soup kitchen
69
**Orhan Gazi Camii**, Bursa (1339), Ottoman
* Constructed with limestone and marble
* Inverse T plan = Zaviye-type mosque
* 5 bay porch preceding a domed vestibule and the central hall
* Main iwan covered with an elliptical vault
* Central hall sandwiched by raised and vaulted iwans
* Pencil-like minaret added later
70
**The Revenue Board Building**, Madras, India (1871)
* Architect = Robert Chisholm
71
**Fatehpur Sikri**, the Imperial City, India (1574-89), Mughal
* Attempt to move court from Delhi
* Imperial City has no infrastructure
72
**Yeni Valide Mosque**, Istanbul (1597-1665)
73
**Harun-i Velayet Shrine**, Isfahan, Iran (1513), Safavid
* Architect Mirza Shah Husayn
* Accentuated with turqouise and lapis
74
**Grand National Assembly Mosque**, Ankara, 1989
* Architect = Behruz Cinici
* Built by father and son
* Deconstruction of traditional Ottoman plan
* Prayer hall, courtyard retained
* No dome
* Truncated minarets
75
**Ulu Camii (Great Mosque) of Bayezid I**, Bursa (1396-1400), Ottoman
* Multi-domed hypostyle mosque
* Funded with booty from the defeat of Sigismund of Hungary
* 12 piers divide the interior into 20 domed bays in a 4x5 grid
* 2nd bay along the axis from portal to mihrab is a vestigal court
* Vestigal court is two steps lower than the rest of the mosque
* Vestigal court is paved with marble with open oculus over the pool
* Main doorway is opulent and decorated
76
**Ministry of Foreign Affairs**, Tehran (c. 1939)
* Pre-Islamic motifs
* Metonymic approach to Islamic architecture
* 3D figurations
77
**Royal College of Medicine**, Baghdad, Iraq (c. 1932)
* Architect = H. C. Mason
78
**'Ali Qapu Gatehouse and Palace,** Isfahan, Iran, Safavid
* Intended as modest atrium for the royal gardens
* Changed and expanded over 60 years
79
**Viceroy's House**, Delhi, India (1912)
* Architect = E. Lutyens
80
**Louvre Abu Dhabi**
* Architect = Jean Nouvel
81
**Dubai Creek Golf and Yacht Club**, Dubai, 1993
* Architect = Godwin Austen Johnson
82
**Cinili Kiosk**, Istanbul (1472), Ottoman
* Built by Sultan Mehmed II in the outer gardens of the New Palace
* Persianate pavilion
* One of three pavilions erected around a maydan
* Veranda supported by slender stones columns
* The porch was originally constructed in wood
* Interior tile revetment glazed turquoise, blue and white
* Banna'i used to decorate the facade and iwan
83
**Corniche Mosque**, Jeddah (1988)
* Architect = Abdel Wahed El-Wakil
* On the island of corniche
84
**Kocateppe Mosque (**1967)
* Architect = Vedat Dalokay
* 1967 competition winner
* Not structurally sound
85
**Maydan-i Naqsh-i Jahan** ('Image of the Universe' Plaza), Isfahan, Iran (1590-5, 1600-5), Safavid
* Connected to old maydan by Qaysariyya bazaar
* Originally for state ceremonies and sport
* Redevloped for commercial purposes
* Facades of polychrome glazed tiles
* Perimeter of low-rent shops to attract merchants
* 4 main portals on each side
* North = Qaysariya Bazaar
* East = Mosque of Shaykh Lutfallah
* South = Masjid'i Shah
* West = 'Ali Qapu to the palace complex
86
**Red Fort**, Lahore (Pakistan) (c. 1580, 1617), Mughal
* Nomadic capital
* Huge fortress
* Quartered gardens
* Raised palace complex
* Imitates thatched roof of bangladeshi architcture in marble
* Ceiling decorated with angel figures
* King presented with halo
87
**Plan Obus**, Algiers (1933)
* Architect = Le Corbusier
* Grandeur honors city architecture
* Finds his ideas for new urbangism in Algiers and Buenos Aires
* Network of roads segregate city
88
**Kocateppe Mosque**, Ankara (1967-87)
Architect = Husrev Tayla and M. Fatin Uluengin 1987 renovation
