FINAL EXAM Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
-sone
A
corticosteroid
2
Q
-rubicin
A
antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent
3
Q
barbital
A
barbiturate (sedative)
4
Q
-caine
A
local anesthesia
5
Q
cef-; ceph-
A
cephalosporin antibiotic
6
Q
-cillin
A
penicillin antibiotics
7
Q
-cycline
A
tetracycline antibiotics
8
Q
-dronate
A
bisphosphonate; bone resporption inhibitor
9
Q
-floxacin
A
quinolone antibiotic
10
Q
-lamide
A
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
11
Q
-mycin
A
antibiotic; antibacterial
12
Q
-olol
A
beta blocker
13
Q
-nazole
A
antifungal
14
Q
-lone
A
corticosteroid
15
Q
-profen
A
NSAID
16
Q
-triptan
A
antimigraine
17
Q
-vir
A
antiviral
18
Q
-vudine
A
antiviral; nucleoside analogues
19
Q
-pam
A
benzodiazepine
20
Q
-lam
A
benzodiazepine
21
Q
You can determine the presence of CSF by what component?
A
glucose
22
Q
Hemisphere of the brain responsible for language and analytical processing
A
Left
23
Q
Hemisphere responsible for humor and visuospacial skills
A
Right
24
Q
lobe that helps us see
A
occipital
25
lobe that helps us think
frontal
26
lobe that helps us touch
parietal
27
lobe that helps us hear
temporal
28
area in the brain used for speech expression
brocas area
29
area of the brain used to help us speak and decipher language
wernickes area
30
area of the brain responsible for balance and coordination
cerebellum
31
area of the brain responsible for sleep/wake cycle, hunger, thermoregulation and reproduction
Hypothalamus
32
This is responsible for arousal and awareness. Made of ascending (pain, touch temperature) and descending (motor signals to spinal cord) pathways.
Reticular Activating System
33
First 8 spinal nerves
cervical
34
middle 12 spinal nerves
thoracic
35
last 5 spinal nerves
lumbar (5) + sacral(5)
36
what part of the neuron will cause death to the neuron if damaged?
cell body
37
senses the body position, can be effected by parkinsons
Extrapyramidial system
38
Directs synapses in the brain to the correct spot
Thalamus
39
Vital control center of the brain (respiratory, cardiovascular, vomiting, etc)
Medulla Oblongata
40
carries impulses from receptor sites to CNS
sensory neurons
41
carries impulses from receptor site to PNS
motor neurons
42
Type of nervous system that is responsible for voluntary and sensory pathways and regulating the voluntary control of skeletal muscle.
Somatic
43
Type of nervous system that houses the sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Automonic
44
cholinergic neurotransmitters
muscarinic + nicotinic
45
adrenergic neurotransmitters
alpha and beta
46
expressive motor aphasia deals with what part of the brain?
Brocas Area
47
receptive sensory aphasia deals with what part of the brain?
Wernickes Area
48
Global Aphasia deals with what parts of the brain?
Brocas and Wernickes area
49
loss of awareness and mental capabilities but the medulla oblongata keeps the vital functions going
Vegetative state
50
state of being paralyzed and unable to communicate but being able to think and be aware.
locked-in state
51
during severe brain damage the body will respond with curling the arms like C's and the rest of the body moves in toward the spinal cord.
Decorticate
52
during severe brain damage the body will respond with curling the arms like "E's" and all the limbs facing outward.
Decerebrate
53
vision loss
Hemianopia
54
first sign of increased intracranial pressure
decreased LOC, severe headaches vomiting, papilledema
55
respiratory pattern signaling death
cheyne stokes
56
universal treatment of increased intracranial pressure
decrease fluids, mannitol, sedation, steroids to decrease inflammation
57
temporary short episode of impaired function. Caused by small emboli, atherosclerosis or a vascular spasm. Can be a warning sign for stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack
58
Infarction of brain tissue from lack of oxygen caused by an embolus or rupture in the carotid or cerebral artery.
Cerebrovascular Accidents (stroke)
59
Type of CVA that is caused by uncontrolled hypertension and is the least likely to reverse. The worst kind.
Hemorrhage.
60
localized weakness in the wall of an artery. Often aggravated by hypertension. Headaches. Rupture leads to fatal increase in intracranial pressure.
Cerebral Aneurysms
61
concussion with no loss of consciousness, retrograde amnesia, and can only be treated with acetaminophen.
Mild Concussion
62
A fracture/penetration of the brain
open head injury
63
injury where the skull is not fractured and only the brain tissue is injured. No head rotation.
Closed head injury
64
A piece of bone is below level of skull compressing the brain
Depressed Skull Fracture
65
fracture that occurs at the base of the skull and can cause leakage of CSF through the ears and nose.
Basilar fracture
66
when the brain bounces off the skull opposite the side of injury
Contrecoup Injury
67
Treatment of Contrecoup injuries
edema- steroids
infections- antibiotics + steroids
ICP - mannitol + brain rest
68
seizure type characterized by pausing and then continuing
Petit mal
69
seizure type characterized by muscle contractions, jerking/spasming
Myoclonic
70
Seizure type characterized by a "drop attack", without movement
Akinetic
71
continuous seizure state
must be interrupted
can occur during all seizures
Valium and Ativan first!
Status Epilepticus
72
Adverse effects of anti epileptic drugs
```
vomiting and diarrhea
risk for suicides
dizziness, drowsiness, and lethargy
birth defects
ALT + AST effects
```
73
Therapeutic level of phenytoin (Dilantin)
10-20mcg
74
Therapeutic level of Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
4-12mcg
75
therapeutic level of Valproic Acid ( Depakote)
50-100mcg
76
Idiopathic inflammatory condition of the PNS characterized by amending paralysis. Recovery is spontaneous and in reverse order of onset.
Guillan Barre Syndrome
77
Acute inflammation of the brain caused by measles, west nile fever, lyme disease, and herpes.
Encephalitis
78
Treatment of Encephalitis
steroids, antiviral-cyclovir, acetaminophen
79
localized infection of the brain causing necrosis of the tissue; localized - frontal and temporal lobes. Treated by surgical drainage and antibiotics
Brain Abscess
80
Inflammation of the meninges caused by bacteria.
Meningitis
81
Signs and symptoms of Meningitis
```
increased ICP
severe headaches
fever
chills
vomiting
seizures
```
82
Signs for Meningitis
Brudzinskis sign
Kernigs sign
Miningococcal infection
83
neck flexion causes flexion of knees and hip
Brudzinskis sign - Meningitis
84
resistance of leg extension when hips flexed
Kernigs sign - meningitis
85
Petechia rash
Meningococcal infection- meningitis
86
Parkinsons Disease Therapy should...?
```
Increase Dopamine
Decrease Acetylcholine
increase appetite
improve mental status
increase ADL's
less intense parkinsonian manifestations
```
87
progressive degeneration of basal nuclei and substantial nigra (EPS). Decreases dopamine and increases acetylcholine. Symptoms: akinesia, bradykinesia, staggering gait, difficulty swallowing/chewing
Parkinsons Disease
88
Characteristics of a Cholinergic Crisis
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
89
Test used to diagnose cholinergic crisis or myasthenia crisis
Tension Test
90
Plaques and tangles of neurons inhibit the communication between nerve cells causing death of nerve cells + brain damage. Decreased levels of acetylcholine.
Alzheimers Disease
91
Treatment of Alzheimers Disease:
anticholinesterase drug therapy
