Final Exam Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Anatomical position
A
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body
2
Q
Frontal plane
A
Front from back
3
Q
Median plane
A
Side from side
4
Q
Transverse plane
A
Top from bottom
5
Q
Cranial cavity
A
Brain
6
Q
Vertebral cavity
A
Spinal chord
7
Q
Dorsal body cavity
A
Cranial and vertebral cavity
8
Q
Thoracic cavity
A
Heart and lungs
9
Q
Abdominal cavity
A
Contains digestive viscera
10
Q
Pelvic cavity
A
Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
11
Q
Ventral body cavity
A
Abdominal, pelvic and thoracic cavity
12
Q
Pleural cavity
A
Lungs
13
Q
Pericardium cavity
A
Heart
14
Q
Visceral
A
Attached to organ
15
Q
Parietal
A
Attached to cavity
16
Q
Peritoneum
A
Abdominal stuff
17
Q
RUQ
A
Liver, gallbladder
18
Q
LUQ
A
Stomach, spleen
19
Q
RLQ
A
Cecum, appendix, R ureter, R ovary, R spermatic chord
20
Q
LLQ
A
L ureter, L ovary, L spermatic chord
21
Q
9 abdominal regions
A
R L hypochondriac, Epigastric
R L lumbar, umbilical
R L Iliac, Hypogastric
22
Q
Epigastric
A
L liver lobe
23
Q
R hypochondriac
A
R liver lobe
24
Q
L hypochondriac
A
Spleen
25
Umbilical
Small intestine, transverse colon
26
R lumbar
Ascending colon
27
L lumbar
Descending colon
28
Hypogastric
Bladder, appendix
29
R iliac
Cecum, appendix
30
L iliac
Sigmoid colon
31
Other cavities
Nasal, oral, middle ear, orbital, synovial
32
Integumentary
Skin hair nails - external body covering, synthesizes vitamin D, regulates temp, excretes salt and urea
33
Skeletal
Bones and joints - protects and supports body, bones are the site for blood cell formation
34
Muscular system
Skeletal muscles - allows locomotion, facial expression, produces heat
35
Nervous
Spinal chord, nerves, brain, sensory receptors - body control system
36
Endocrine
Adrenal, thyroid, pineal and pituitary glands and pancreas, thymus, ovary, testies - secretes hormones
37
Cardiovascular
Heart and blood vessels - transports and pumps blood
38
Lymphatic
Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, red bone marrow - keeps body healthy and houses white blood cells
39
Respiratory
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs - keeps body supplies with oxygen and maintains acid base balance
40
Digestive
Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, intestines, rectus - breaks food down for nutrients, removes undigestible materials in form of feces
41
Urinary
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra - eliminates nitrogenous waste from body
42
Nucleus
Control center
43
Ribosome
Protein factories
44
ER
Tubes and sacs continuous with nuclear envelope
45
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, packages and emits protiens
46
Lysosomes
Suicide sac
47
Peroxisome
Detox sac
48
Mitochondria
Powerhouse, energized atp
49
Centrioles
Direct mitotic spindles
50
Cytoskeleton elements
Internal scaffolding
51
Inclusions
Substance not part of metabolic machinery
52
Passive transport
High to low, no energy required
53
Active transports
Low to high, energy required
54
Diffusion
All cells, due to random movement of partials, concentration gradient
55
Filtration
only across capillary walls, pressure gradient
56
Osmosis
Movement of h2o, h2o follows solute
57
Cell cycle
Interphase (g1, s, g2) to prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
58
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis - drinking, phagocytosis - eating, receptor mediated endocytosis - selective for cholesterol and iron
59
Functions of the skin
Protection, temp regulation, sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion
60
Keratinocytes
Most abundant and produce keratin
61
Melanocytes
Produces melanin
62
Langerhans cells
Epidermal dendritic cells
63
Merkel cells
Touch receptors
64
Skin cells
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel cells
65
Accessory skin organs
Hair, nails, cutaneous gland
66
Sweat glands
Eccrine and apocrine
67
Sebaceous glands
Produce sebum, which moisturizers hair
68
Compact
Smooth throughout aka lamellar bone
69
Spongy bone
Small trabeculae with lots of open space
70
Tuberosity
Large rounded projection
71
Trochanter
Large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
72
Tubercle
Small rounded projection
73
Spine
Sharp, slender, pointed projection
74
Process
Any bony prominence
75
Facet
Smooth, flat articular surface
76
Condyle
Rounded articular projection
77
Fossa
Shallow depression in bone
78
Foramen
Round or oval opening through bone
79
Osteoclasts
Bone absorbing
80
Osteoblast
Bone secreting
81
Cervical column
C 1-7
82
Thoracic column
T 1-12
83
Lumbar column
L 1-5
84
Scoliosis
Lateral curve
85
Kyphosis
Excess thoracic curve
86
Lordosis
Excess lumbar curve
87
Fibrosis
Suture (skull), syndesmosis (tibia + fibula), gomphosis (teeth)
United by collagenic fibers
88
Cartilaginous
Synchodrosis (first rib + sternum), symphesis (vertebrae)
| United by cartilage
89
Synovial
Plane (tarsal bones), condyle (radius + carpal bones), ball and socket (hip), pivot (c1+c2), hinge (elbow), saddle (carpal + 1st metacarpal bone)
Covered with articular cartilage
90
Joint movements
Flexion, extension, hypertension, hyperflexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, lateral and medial rotation, inversion, eversion, supination, pronation
91
Sprain v strain
Sprain - excess stretch or tear of ligament
| Strain - muscle problem
92
Recruitment
Increase in number of sacromeres firing that produces an increase in muscle force
93
Isometric
Fixed length contraction, regardless of the amount of force generatesd
94
Isotonic
Changing length contraction with the same amount of force applied
95
Astrocytes
Most abundant, skeleton, connect to nutrient supply, control chem environment, help development and synapse formation
96
Microglial cell
Checks health and turns into phagocytes
97
Ependymal cell
Permable membrane between cerebrospinal fluid and CNS extracellular fluid
98
Oligodendrocyte
Provides myelin sheaths in CNS
99
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath
100
Grey matter of CNS
Nuclei
101
Grey matter in PNS
Ganglia
102
Axons in CNS
Tracts
103
Axons in PNS
Nerves
104
Neurons receiving information from sensory organs and transmitting it to CNS
Afferent
105
Neurons sending impulses from CNS to PNS
Efferent
106
Lumbar puncture
L3 and L5
107
Paraplegia
Thoracic or below
108
Quadriplegia
Cervical
109
Phrenic nerve plexus
Cervical
110
Axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, medial, ulnar plexus
Brachial
111
Obturator, femoral, saphenous plexus
Lumbar
112
Common fibulae, tibial, sciatic, sural plexus
Sacral
113
Paraplegia
Thoracic or below
114
Quadriplegia
Cervical
115
Phrenic nerve plexus
Cervical
116
Axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, medial, ulnar plexus
Brachial
117
Obturator, femoral, saphenous plexus
Lumbar
118
Common fibulae, tibial, sciatic, sural plexus
Sacral
