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Flashcards in Final Exam Deck (35)
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1
Q

What does the consumption over time graph look like

A

Plots c’ (vertical) against c (horizontal)

2
Q

What is lifetime wealth?

A

y - t + (y’ - ‘t / 1+r)

3
Q

Where is the consumers’ optimal point?

A

Where MRS = 1+r when deciding c and c’

Where MRS = w when deciding c and l

4
Q

What is the formula for consumption

A

If c = c’ = we (1+r) / (2+r)

5
Q

How does changing the interest rate affect the c c’ graph

A

E remains unchanged, increase in r makes the curve steeper

6
Q

How does changing we affect the c, c’ graph

A

Increase in we shifts it out but you have to show whether this is due to y or y’

7
Q

What is riccardian equivalence

A

If the change in current tax is the same as the PV of the change in future tax, there is no change in consumption behaviour

Assumes perfect markets, binding borrowing constraints can change this

8
Q

What shifts the labour supply curve

A

Changes is we (- as higher we shifts left)

Changes in r (+ as higher r shifts right)

9
Q

What does an increase in tax do to the consumer’s choice

A
  • wealth effect

lower c, lower l, higher N (also shifts Ys)

10
Q

What does an increase in rates do to the consumer’s choice

A

+ savings effect

higher s, lower c, higher N (no change in Ys)

11
Q

What do firms aim to maximise?

A

The present value of their firm = p / (p’ / 1+r)

12
Q

What is the formula for profit?

A
p = Y - wN - I (p gross = Y - wn)
p' = Y - wN + (1-d)*K'
13
Q

How do firms make their labour decision?

A

Same as in 1 prediod model - maximise gross profit

Where MPK = w

14
Q

What shifts Labor Demand?

A

Increases in current z (+ higher z shifts Nd right)

Increases in K (+ as higher k shifts Nd right)

15
Q

How do firms make their investment decision?

A

MB = MC = 1

Since (MB = MPK’ + 1 - d) / 1+r invest at MPK’ = r + d

16
Q

What does the investment graph look like?

A

Plots r against I curve is equal to MPK’ - d

17
Q

What increases I?

A
Lower in r (- as move down I curve)
Higher d (+) shift
Higher z' (+) shift
Lower K (+) shift
18
Q

What are the 3 graphs in the 2 Period Model?

A

1) Labour Market (w against N)
2) Goods Market (r against Y)
3) Credit Market (r against credit), don’t need to draw

19
Q

What underpins the Labour Market Graph in 2PM

A

Nd comes from firm decision

Ns comes from household decision

20
Q

What underpins the goods market?

A

Yd + C+I+G

Ys is based on labour decision and firm production

21
Q

What shifts Ys?

A

Shifts when Ns shifts due to we or G

Shifts when Nd shifts due to z or K

22
Q

What shifts Yd right?

A
Higher G (+)
Lower taxes (-)
Increase in y' (+)
Decrease in k (-)
Increase in z (+)
23
Q

What is the result of lower K?

A

MPN becomes lower so ND shifts left, as does Ys

R increases so Ns shifts right and I decreases

24
Q

What are the 3 RBC Graphs?

A

1) Labour Market (w against N)
2) Goods Market (r against Y)
3) Money Market (P against M)

25
Q

What drives fluctuations in output in the RBC model

A

TFP

26
Q

What drives fluctuations in output in the NK model

A

Demand

27
Q

What is the formula for money demand?

A

Md = PY - P(1+q)x

28
Q

What shifts Md right

A

Higher Y (+) or lower r (-)

29
Q

Which model is money neutral in?

A

RBC, Money is not neutral in NK

30
Q

Which model has flexible prices?

A

RBC, prices are sticky in NK

31
Q

Which model is not perfectly competitive?

A

NK

32
Q

What are the 4 markets in NK?

A

1) Firm production (plots Y against N and only has curved line where Y = zF(K,N)
2) Labour Market (only has upward sloping Ns curve)
3) Goods Market (plots r against Y, includes Ys and Yd but only Yd matters)
4) Money market (plots P against M, bank changes Ms to keep prices unchanged)

33
Q

How do you analyse changes in NK?

A

1) see if there is a shift in Firm curve
2) determine affect on YD and shift, the new Y is based only on the Yd curve at the same interest rate
3) See how Md shifts and then shift Ms to keep inflation at 0
4) see how Firms have the change N in order to meet this level of production
5) see how much they need to pay to get this level of N

34
Q

What are the 4 channels?

A

1) Y
2) Profit and Taxes
3) r
4) w
[5) M only in RBC]

35
Q

How can the CB increase MS?

A

Gov issues new bonds which the bank buys

Printing money