Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 103 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(170 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

What is morphology?

A

Shape and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is a species?

A

General term used for each different type of organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who was one of the first to nam organisms?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the first way scientists classified organisms?

A

Morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the term for two names?

A

Binomial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the term for a group of organisms capable of interacting and producing fertile young?

A

Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Evolutionary history of group of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the phylogeny concept for species?

A

Smallest group of organisms with similar features that come from common ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does phylogeny rely on?

A

Evolutionary history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which term is commonly used for species?

A

Phylogenetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the term used for process of sorting things based on similarities and differences?

A

Classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Science of classification and naming organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who developed binomial?

A

C. Linnaeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the names that are Latin?

A

Genus and species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are genetic name capitalized?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which name is not capitalized?

A

Scientific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two classification systems?

A

Artificial and natural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What system is based on appearance?

A

Artificial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is natural (phylogenetic) based on?

A

Evolutionary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are scientific names?

A

Descriptive, commemorative, geography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are domains?

A

Comparison of genes in ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are domains selected?

A

All organisms have ribosomes
Critical to cell function
Ribosomes translate genes into proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 Domains that all living things fall into?

A

Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is archea more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria?

A

Yes!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What is defined as not having no nucleus, organelles, and is a unicellular?
Prokaryotes
25
Which classification of life has three domains?
Eukarya
26
What are the 4 kingdoms of eukarya
Protista Plantea Fungi Animalia
27
Which domain is the most abundant?
Bacteria and arches
28
Why are bacteria and archea the most abundant domain?
Reproduce quickly and don't require much spaces
29
Which organisms are the most numerous and has a mass of 2/3 of ALL living things
Bacteria and archea
30
Where do bacteria and archea live?
Everywhere!!
31
What are the three shape of bacteria and archea?
Sphere Rods Spiral
32
Can you differentiate bacteria and archea by view?
No!
33
Where do bacteria and archea live in people?
Skin and entire digestive track | Warm and moist place
34
How are bacteria and archea helpful to humans?
Digestion of food | Creation of an environment bad for others
35
How many bacteria produces spores?
FEW
36
Which stage allows survival in harsh conditions?
Domain/resting
37
Where can extreme bacteria/archea survive?
Salt-solving Extreme cold Extreme heat
38
What are the benefits of bacteria?
Kill other bacteria Gives vitamins Digestion Make food
39
Which eukaryotes are the most diverse?
Protists Plants Animals
40
Which eukaryotes are closely related?
Fungi | Animals
41
What's the difference between biological, phylogenetic, and morphological species?
Bio-how it looks Phylo- DNA and evolution Morph- shape and structure
42
What does it mean for classification systems to be artificial and natural?
Art-based on appearance | Natural-based on evolutionary history
43
What does endosymbiosis mean?
Inside living together
44
How does symbiotic associate with prokaryotic cell?
One living inside another
45
What are the evidence of endosymbiosis?
Mitochondrion and chloroplasts 1. ) both have own DNA 2. ) chromosomes circular 3. ) cell division by tissue, no centrioles
46
What's the definition of ecology?
Study of intersections between organisms and environment, and how this affects distribution and abundance.
47
What are the 2 components of an environment?
Abiotic (non-living) | Biotic (living)
48
What are the levels of ecology?
``` Individual Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere ```
49
What is density?
of individuals of a species in area
50
What are the 4 factors affecting population size?
Natality-birth rate Mortality-death rate Immigration-ind. moving in Emigration-ind. moving out
51
How many of the 4 factors affecting population size do you need to know in order to measure density?
Two!
52
What is equation of density?
Pop size=[birth+immigration]-[death+emigration]
53
What is the definition of biotic potential?
Max rate of increase for population with ideal conditions.
54
Do species ever reaches its full biotic potential?
No!! Some (many) always die
55
What is the shape of the graph for growth in non-ideal conditions?
J-shaped growth curve.
56
What is the term for the sum total factors that limit population growth?
Environmental persistence
57
What is the shape of the graph that has to do with environmental persistence growth?
S-shaped growth curve
58
What is definition of carrying capacity?
Maximum # of individuals that environment can support over time w/o lasting damage environment
59
What is the term for factors that affect populations in proportion to density, become more forceful w/ increasing density
Density-dependent factors
60
What is an example of density-dependent factors?
Decrease birth rate, increase death rate | Decrease immigration, increase emigration
61
For environmental persistence, what are the two density factors?
Dependent and independent
62
What are the 5 density-dependent factors?
``` Competition Disease Pollution Physiological and Psychological Predation ```
63
What is competition?
Use of limited resource by individual reduces availability to others.
64
What is the difference between intra and inter in competition?
Intra-within same species (sheep to sheep) | Inter-between species (sheep competing with cow)
65
What is the term used for the spreading of contagious disease works in a density-dependent fashion?
Disease
66
Is there more contact and spreading of disease in low density or high density?
High density
67
What is the term used for undesirable change in air, water, or land that affects the organisms?
Pollution
68
What is an example of physiological and psychological factors?
As density increases there is an increase in interactions which causes an increase in stress and an increase in psychological and physiological response which then causes a decrease in density
69
What is predation?
Feeding of organisms on other organisms
70
Who benefits from predation?
Prey benefits!
71
What is the term used for the factors affecting population, growth, and are not dependent on # of individuals?
Density-independent Factors
72
What are some examples of density-independent factors?
Weather, volcano, droughts, hurricane, floods. Etc..
73
What determines growth pattern?
Life history and tradeoffs in strategies
74
What are the two end points in population growth?
S-shaped and J-shaped
75
What are the 2 strategies of life histories?
Strategy 1: stable environment, few offspring, expensive | Strategy 2: unpredictable environment, many young, cheap
76
What's the term used for the summary of species information?
Life History
77
What are K-selected species?
Species with stable populations, fluctuate near "K" | Efficient resource usage
78
What are the characteristics of K-selected organism?
``` Longer lives Fewer offspring Provide parental care (expensive) Slow reproductive rate Ex: elephants, bats, humans ```
79
What graph shape are K-selected species?
S-shaped
80
What is r-selected species?
Adapted for Rapid Reproduction and high densities
81
How is the usage of resource of r-selected species?
Non-efficient
82
What are the characteristics of r-selected species?
``` Short lives Many off springs Little parental care Quick reproductive rate Ex: insects, small mammals, fish ```
83
What is the graph of r-selected species?
J-shaped
84
Is an oak tree r-selected or K-selected?
K-selected
85
Which growth pattern has random events?
J-shaped growth because S-shaped growth has a predictable events
86
What is the highest level of taxonomy?
Domain
87
What is the lowest level of taxonomy?
Species
88
What does population growth rate depend on?
do reproductive individuals
89
What is the definition of population age structures?
Graphs that show age distributions of population and projects population growth
90
What does different population of same species can have?
They can have different future growth depending on environment
91
What is the definition of community?
All populations in an area
92
What is the term for populations that interact as each individual pursues resources to survive and reproduce?
Community Ecology
93
What is the definite of communities?
Interactions affect every aspect of survival and reproduction Ex: finding food, protecting offspring, finding mates, defending territory
94
What is the difference between intraspecific and infer specific?
Intra-same species | Inter-different species
95
What are the effects on growth?
Negative-pop decrease Positive-pop increase (gain resources) Neutral-pop remains same (no affect on you)
96
What is mutualism?
Association between species, both benefit from interaction. (+,+)
97
What is the term used when one species benefits, other is neither harmed or benefited
Commensalism (+,0)
98
What is neutralism?
Association where each species dos not benefit each other (0,0)
99
What is competition?
Use of same limited resource by both species. Interaction is negative for both. (-,-)
100
What is the term used when 1 species (predator) harms other species (prey)?
Predation (+,-)
101
What is the term used when 1 species (parasite) lives in/on another species (host)? (The less resource you take, the longer it will stay alive)
Parasitism
102
Why are interactions important?
Interacting species evolve together
103
Which interactions are most influential?
Competition, predation, parasite
104
Why will a species never reach its biotic potential?
It doesn't take everything into account
105
What is the definition of niches?
Includes ALL the ways organisms use resources | Ex: space, foods and amounts, timing of reproduction, life history
106
What is the term that include habitat plus all abiotic and biotic resources required for survival?
Niches
107
What is a rule used for niches?
No 2 species will occupy the same niche
108
What are the 2 outcome of niches?
Competitive exclusion-1 species eliminates another | Niche participating-species coexist if use same resources in different ways
109
What is the definition of keystone species?
Species that disproportionally modifies environment and enriches it for others
110
What happens if there is loss of keystone species?
Eliminate niches of many other species Keystone is important to maintain species diversity
111
Is there diversity in native prairie?
Yes!
112
Are non-native prairie diverse?
No
113
What are mammal characteristics?
``` Mammary glands Hair Enucleated RBCs Sweat glands Diaphragm One bone in jaw Placenta 3 middle ear bones ```
114
What are shared characteristics of human primates?
Grasping hand Yes in front of skull Large brains
115
What are the 3 major groups of primate relationships?
Primitive ones (lemers tail) Monkeys (tails) Hominids (most no tails)
116
What are hominids?
Orangutan, gorillas, chimps, and humans
117
What is the comparison of hominids?
``` Locomotion Ball and socket Life in trees Diet/teeth DNA ```
118
Which is the most closely related hominid?
Chimpanzee | Because... Share common ancestry, 1/3 gene identical, 99% DNA identical, split 5 mil yrs ago
119
What are the differences w/chimp in human?
``` Humans have skull opening @ base Pelvis shape: "bowl" Larger stronger leg bones Feet-big toe fixed Shorter arms Bigger Brian's-more complex behaviors More parental care Longer juvenile period ```
120
Why bipedal?
Food/h2o more scattered(travel more) Energy efficient to be bipedal See danger better Free up hands to (carry object and tools)
121
What are three human traits?
1st bipedal 2nd bigger brains 3rd bigger bodies
122
What were human-like ancestors?
About 4-5 mil yrs ago | Many species 1.8 mya
123
Why were human-like extinct?
Laetoli footprints 3.7 mya | First homo 2.5 yrs
124
Why was Lucy?
Walks upright | Small
125
Where are humans ancestors from?
Africa
126
Why are non-living parts important?
ALL living organisms interact w/ non-living environment
127
What does interactions between non-living and living always have?
Two consequences
128
How does energy flow in ecosystem?
Through
129
Cycling of materials flow where in ecosystem?
Within
130
What do food chains and web show?
Tropic (feeding) interactions Sequence of who eats whom Flow of energy through ecosystem
131
What is the term used for linear series of food and feeders?
Food chain
132
What is the definition of food chain?
Complex interconnections of many food chains
133
What are tropic levels?
Position of species in food chain
134
What are the two main categories in graphic levels?
Producers-autotrophs (green organisms) | Consumers
135
What are autotrophs?
Self-feeding organisms | Make food from non-living materials
136
ALL organisms rely on whom for energy?
Producers
137
What are consumers?
Heterotrophs | Organisms eat others for food
138
What are the types of consumers?
``` Primary-herbivores (plant) Secondary-carnivores (cow) Tertiary- carnivores Omnivores- plants and animals Detritivores- insect and worms Decomposers-fungi and bacteria ```
139
What do detritivores do?
Break down down dead organic materials
140
What do decomposers do?
Return organic matter
141
How does energy flow into ecosystem?
Via sun
142
Are there lots of energy available at lower tropic levels?
Yes!
143
As you move up trophic levels, what happens?
Less E available to support higher levels
144
At the next level how much energy is converted to next level?
Only 10%
145
How much % is lost at each trophic level?
90%
146
In animals how does 100% of food/energy result?
20% organic waste 70% lost as heat 10% available as heat
147
What are the 3 types of relationship at different trophic levels?
of individuals Biomass Energy/calories
148
What are bio geochemical cycles?
Life-earth involving atoms or molecules cycles Elements for life recycled! Movement of materials in both biotic and abiotic Continuous Driven by SUN energy
149
Are elements recycled?
Yes!
150
What are reservoirs?
Storage of materials for shot and long and mainly abiotic
151
What are examples of reservoirs?
Water cycle Carbon Nitrogen
152
In water cycle where is reservoir?
Oceans
153
In carbon cycle where is reservoir?
Air
154
In nitrogen cycle where is reservoir?
Nitrogen gas (N2)
155
In nitrogen cycle few organisms use N2 directly or indirectly?
Directly
156
What happens in soil bacteria?
Convert N2 in air for plants to use | Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots
157
What 3 global factors affect climate?
Earth is round, axis is tilted, and energy varies rom sun
158
What drives temperature?
Sun
159
Why does the sun drive temperature?
Curvature of earth, sun intense near equator and diffuse near poles
160
How does sun drive rainfall?
Heat earth, hot air rises, evaporation of h2o
161
What does warm air hold?
Moisture
162
Near the equator what happens?
Lots of water and warm air
163
Why does the Sun drive rainfall at equator and deserts at 30 degrees latitude?
Air circulation
164
What is the definition of biomes?
Major kind of ecosystem
165
What are the two main groups of biomes?
Terrestrial and aquatic
166
If temp and rainfall is both high what is the climate?
Tropical rain forest
167
If temp. Is high and rainfall is low what is climate?
Desert
168
If temp is high and rainfall is variable what is climate?
Tropical savannah
169
If both temp and rainfall is low what is climate?
Polar ice

Biology 103 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions